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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Posterior patterning in the Drosophila embryo requires the action of Nanos (Nos) and Pumilio (Pum), which collaborate to regulate the translation of maternal hunchback (hb) mRNA. Previous work demonstrated that Pum recognizes sites in the 3' UTR of hb mRNA. In this report, we first define the RNA-binding domain of Pum and then show that residues essential for translational repression are embedded within this domain. We also show that Nos and Pum can repress cap-independent translation from an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in vivo, suggesting that they act downstream of the initial steps of normal, cap-dependent translation.
Mol Cell 1998 May
PMID:The Pumilio RNA-binding domain is also a translational regulator. 966 Sep 69

Defensins are antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in innate immunity. The authors have searched for intragenic polymorphisms of the recently cloned human beta-defensin-1 gene (HBD-1) whose gene product is expressed in the lung and whose function seems to be compromised in cystic fibrosis. Four frequent restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the HBD-1 cDNA sequence are described here, three of them being located in the 5'-UTR and one in the 3'-UTR. The minor alleles of the three polymorphisms of the 5'-UTR had allele frequencies of 0.39, 0.34 and 0.27, respectively, and the minor allele of the 3'-UTR polymorphism had a relative frequency of 0.13 in a cohort of 103 random German blood donors. The variants described in this report should be useful as single nucleotide polymorphisms in linkage and association studies of respiratory and other diseases.
Mol Cell Probes 1998 Jun
PMID:Polymorphisms of the human beta-defensin-1 gene. 966 79

In Korea, there was a big outbreak of Aseptic Meningitis due to enterovirus infection in 1993. Since virus isolation and neutralizing tests are too laborious and time-consuming for the detection of enterovirus from clinical specimen, we have developed a new molecular identification method for rapid subgrouping of isolates from patients with aseptic meningitis. For the rapid subgrouping of isolates, RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction) and RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) assays were used. We have selected two oligonucleotide primers from the conserved 5'-UTR/VP2 and VP1 regions. A 652 bp (base pair) product was amplified from the 5'-UTR/VP2 region of reference viruses and the isolates. For the subgrouping of the isolates by RFLP assay, we have used 12 reference viruses (Echovirus, E6, E9, E11, E12, Coxsackievirus, CB1, CB3, CB4, CB5, Coxsackievirus, CA9, CA16, CA21, CA24), which are the common viral agents associated with aseptic meningitis. By using subgroup-specific restriction enzymes BsmAI, , HinP1I, and PleI, the isolates were classified into Echovirus subgroups. We have also shown that subgrouping of the isolates by RFLP assay based on the VP1 region is possible.
Mol Cells 1998 Jun 30
PMID:Rapid subgrouping of nonpolio enterovirus associated with Aseptic Meningitis by RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) assay. 966 71

In vertebrates the synthesis of ribosomal proteins is co-ordinately regulated at the translational level. The 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) of this class of mRNAs contains conserved regions that are necessary and sufficient for translational regulation. Recently, we found that two proteins, the Xenopus laevis La autoantigen and the cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), are able to bind in vitro a pyrimidine tract at the 5' end and a downstream region, respectively. These regions are considered the common cis-acting elements of translational regulation. It was previously observed that the binding of both these putative trans-acting factors to their RNA sequences is assisted by a protease-sensitive factor(s) that dissociates from the complex after its formation. Here we provide evidence that the requirement for an ancillary factor assisting La binding to the pyrimidine tract of ribosomal protein mRNAs is typical of this RNA, and secondly that it may involve an RNA recognition motif of the La protein not clearly characterized previously. We also show that the Ro60 autoantigen is involved in the common factor activity necessary for the binding of La and CNBP proteins to their respective sequences. In addition, our findings suggest that an RNA also participates in this process. We show that CNBP can multimerise and that it binds to the 5'UTR as a dimer. Both La and CNBP compete for the interaction with the factor, and their binding to the 5'UTR is mutually exclusive. Our results from the binding analysis of mutations in the 5'UTR, which are known to disrupt the translational control in vivo, suggest a model in which the protein interactions and the 5'UTR RNA structure may co-operate in regulating the translational fate of ribosomal protein mRNAs.
J Mol Biol 1998 Aug 28
PMID:Involvement of the Xenopus laevis Ro60 autoantigen in the alternative interaction of La and CNBP proteins with the 5'UTR of L4 ribosomal protein mRNA. 971 May 33

To ascertain the potential role of heterozygosity for 3beta-hydroxysteroid (3beta-HSD) deficiency in children with premature pubic hair and adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism, we performed single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (3beta-HSD2) gene in 34 hyperandrogenic patients. Three sequence variants, two missense mutations and a 3'-UTR sequence variant, were detected among seven patients and in none of 100 healthy control subjects. One of these seven patients carried Leu236 --> Ser on one 3beta-HSD2 allele and Glu318 --> STOP on one 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) allele. ACTH stimulation tests were performed in 5/7 patients with sequence variants and were compatible with decreased 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in three. Thus, 7 of 34 (20.6%) mildly hyperandrogenic patients carry heterozygous sequence variants of the 3beta-HSD2 gene. Since obligate heterozygotic carriers for congenital adrenal hyperplasia are typically asymptomatic, other genetic or environmental influences may contribute to the expression of hyperandrogenic symptoms in our patients.
Mol Genet Metab 1998 Jul
PMID:Variants of the type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene in children with premature pubic hair and hyperandrogenic adolescents. 971 27

The GLUT1 glucose transporter gene is regulated at the post-transcriptional level, and a 10 nucleotide (nt) cis-acting element located at nt 2181-2190 of the GLUT1 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) increases the transient expression of a luciferase reporter gene. To investigate the role of this mRNA cis-element, stable transfectants expressing luciferase reporter genes were established in rat C6 glioma cells. Insertion of nt 2100-2300 of GLUT1 3'-UTR resulted in a marked increase in the abundance of both reporter gene mRNA and protein compared to the control, in parallel with a 228% increase in the mRNA t1/2 determined with actinomycin D. Deletion of the 10 nt cis-acting element in the GLUT1 3'-UTR reduced the abundance of reporter gene products and the mRNA t1/2 to levels similar to the control clone. Data suggest that the cis-acting element located at nt 2181-2190 of bovine GLUT1 mRNA 3'-UTR is responsible for increased GLUT1 gene expression via enhanced GLUT1 mRNA stabilization.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1998 Aug 15
PMID:Ten nucleotide cis element in the 3'-untranslated region of the GLUT1 glucose transporter mRNA increases gene expression via mRNA stabilization. 972 15

To determine the number of proteins required for mating type (MAT) locus-regulated control of mating in Cochliobolus heterostrophus, MAT fragments of various sizes were expressed in MAT deletion strains. As little as 1.5 kb of MAT sequence, encoding a single unique protein in each mating type (MAT-1 and MAT-2), conferred mating ability, although an additional 160 bp of 3' UTR was needed for production of ascospores. No other mating type-specific genes involved in mating identity or fertility were found. Thus, although homologs of the C. heterostrophus MAT-1 and MAT-2 genes exist in the filamentous ascomycetes Neurospora crassa and Podospora anserina, C. heterostrophus does not appear to have mating type-specific homologs of two additional genes required by both N. crassa and P. anserina for successful sexual reproduction. Three genes were identified in the common DNA flanking the MAT locus: a gene encoding a GTPase-activating protein and an ORF of unknown function lie 5' while a beta-glucosidase encoding gene lies found 3'. None of these genes appears to be involving in the mating process.
Mol Gen Genet 1998 Aug
PMID:Single mating type-specific genes and their 3' UTRs control mating and fertility in Cochliobolus heterostrophus. 974 70

Here, we provide a direct proof that the formation of hairpins by (GCC)n at the 5'-UTR of the FMR-1 gene offers a mechanism for CpG hypermethylation associated with the fragile X syndrome. For this, we have performed hetero-nuclear (15N-1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy to probe the structure of the CpG sites in the (GCC)n hairpins that are 15N-labeled at the amino (N4) groups of specific cytosine bases. Analyses of chemical shift, pH-induced chemical exchange, and NOE pattern of the (15N-labeled) amino protons of cytosine bases reveal that the cytosine bases at the CpG sites are intrahelical and well-stacked with the neighboring G.C base-pairs in the stem of these hairpins and probably form single hydrogen-bonded C.C mispairs. Measurements of pH-dependent 1H line-width also demonstrate that the C.C mispairs are more susceptible to open-closure than the G.C base-pairs. Thus, the Cs at the CpG sites of the (GCC)n hairpin are "flipped out" more easily to the activated state than those in the corresponding Watson-Crick duplex, (GCC)n. (GGC)n and this makes the hairpin a better target for methylation by the human methyltransferase, the enzyme that methylates the Cs at the CpG sites.
J Mol Biol 1998
PMID:Fragile X DNA triplet repeats, (GCC)n, form hairpins with single hydrogen-bonded cytosine.cytosine mispairs at the CpG sites: isotope-edited nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy on (GCC)n with selective 15N4-labeled cytosine bases. 976 77

Brief periods of coronary occlusion render the affected myocardium more tolerant to the otherwise devastating effects of long coronary occlusion. Besides this phenomena, called ischemic preconditioning, short periods of ischemia cause a regional dysfunction, namely myocardial stunning. The molecular mechanisms of both syndromes are not very well understood. We therefore investigated the expression of genes which may be involved in cardioprotection or repair processes. Using our porcine model of ischemia and reperfusion we were able to show an induction of genes coding for transcription factors (proto-oncogenes), for proteins involved in repair processes (heat shock genes), for proteins implicated in the calcium homeostasis (calcium-handling genes) and for growth factors. We could show that the increased mRNA levels are due to an enhanced transcriptional activity and not to a prolonged half-life of the transcripts. The angiogenic growth factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) represents an exception. It exhibits--in addition to a HIF-motif (Hypoxia Inducible Factor) in its promoter/enhancer--a protein binding region in its 3' UTR which when occupied renders the mRNA more stable. However to what extent the expression of the distinct genes contributes to the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning or myocardial stunning can only be presumed. Increased mRNA stability can be confered via adenosine which is produced during ischemia by ATP-breakdown. The demasking of unknown genes--via differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR)--should provide a more comprehensive view of the mechanisms underlying both processes.
Mol Cell Biochem 1998 Sep
PMID:Gene expression after short periods of coronary occlusion. 977 84

In this study, we report the cDNA cloning of hamster adrenal steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and the effect of adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) on its expression in vivo. A hamster adrenal cDNA library was screened using an 852 bp fragment obtained by polymerase chain reaction; this fragment corresponds to the entire coding sequence (CDS) of the hamster adrenal StAR cDNA. Ten clones of different lengths were isolated and sequenced. The longest clone was 1564 bp and contained 34 bp in the 5'-untranslated region, 852 bp in the CDS, and 678 bp in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). Two polyadenylation signal sequences were found in the 3'-UTR. The CDS of the ten isolated clones was identical, but six of these lacked the last 132 nucleotides in the 3'-UTR, thus indicating that they had used the first polyadenylation signal. The hamster StAR protein contains 284 amino acid residues, and is 91.9% homologous to mouse, 90.5% to rat, 86.4% to human, 85% to porcine, and 82.5% to bovine StAR protein. Southern blot analysis indicated the presence of only one StAR gene in the hamster genome. Northern blotting analysis revealed the presence of the StAR mRNA in male and female steroidogenic tissues, namely adrenals and gonads, but not in the liver or in the kidneys of either sex. Three mRNA species of 1.7, 3.1 and 5.3 kb were found in whole hamster adrenals. Administration of ACTH to hamsters provoked increases (two- to threefold) in the adrenal content of the StAR mRNA within 1 h in vivo. Western blotting analysis on adrenal mitochondria showed that the level of StAR protein was also significantly elevated (1.5-fold) 1 h after ACTH treatment.
J Mol Endocrinol 1998 Oct
PMID:In vivo effects of adrenocorticotrophin on the expression of the hamster steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. 980 56


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