Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The binding of carbromal and its metabolites bromoethylbutyramide and ethylbutyrylurea to human plasma proteins was investigated in vitro by use of Sephadex-gelfiltration, equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration. No differences appeared in the binding characteristics of human plasma and of human albumine. In a concentration range between 3.10-8 and 1.5.10-6 moles/ml about 40% of the carbromal, and in a concentration range between 3.10-8 and 1.10-5 moles/ml about 30% of the bromoethylbutyramide are bound to plasma proteins. Proteinbinding of ethylbutyrylurea was found to be less than 5%. The binding constants, Ka, to human albumine and the binding energies deltaF 0 were found to be in the range of 0.5--1.2.10(3) L/Mol and 1.7--4.4 kcal/Mol, respectively. Protein binding of carbromal, bromoethylbutyramide, their chlorinated analgous compounds, chloroethylbutyrylurea and chloroethylbutyramide, and of ethylbutyrylurea is strongly correlated to the partition coefficients of these compounds between n-octanol and water, indicating that the intensity of proteinbinding depends on the hydrophobic character of the substances tested.
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PMID:[On the toxicology of carbromal. IV. Binding of carbromal and its hypnotically active metabolites to human plasma proteins (author's transl)]. 3 Nov 54

The condition of methylviologen photoreduction by chloroplasts was investigated. Argon bubbling through the suspension of chloroplasts or degasing in vacuum caused inhibition of methylviologen reduction probably due to the denaturation of chloroplast membranes at the water/air boundary. Adding glycerol or bovine serum albumine or removing oxygen from chloroplast suspension with the aid of the oxygen absorbing-systems preserved the activity of chloroplasts. Methylviologen photoreduction is inhibited by DCMU (10(-7) M) and Tris-buffer treatment and is activated by uncouples. The pH-dependence is similar to that of the Hill reaction. Triton X-100 (0.007%), ethyl ether (2%) and heating up to 42 degrees activated the Hill reaction but inhibited methylviologen reduction. Water molecule probably acts as an initial electron donor in this reaction. It is proposed that the steady level of methylviologen photoreduction is determined by a relationship between the rate of methylviologen electron acceptance and cyclic electron flow short-circuiting photosystem I.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Methylviologen photoreduction by chloroplasts]. 3 95

In the last few years much attention has been dedicated to the elucidation of some of the molecular aspects of cytochrome c oxidase. It has been shown conclusively that the enzyme from several sources (yeast, Neurospora, heart, liver) contains seven different subunits, which are asymmetrically inserted in the membrane. All of these are in contact with the lipid bilayer (except subunits V and VI) and to a greater or lesser extent with the water phase as well (except for subunit I). Subunit II of the enzyme appears to be involved in the formation of the binding site of cytochrome c. The location of the redox groups of the enzyme is still a matter of controversy. Their distance from the cytochrome c heme group is approximately 35 A such that electron tunneling appears to be the only possible mechanism for transporting electrons across such a distance. A proton pump appears to be associated with electron transport and approximately one proton is extruded per electron equivalent reducing oxygen via the enzyme. N,N', dicyclohexylcarbodiimide a well-established inhibitor of H+-translocating ATPases inhibits the proton pump and labels specifically subunit III of the enzyme.
Mol Cell Biochem 1979 Dec 14
PMID:Molecular aspects of cytochrome c oxidase: structure and dynamics. 4 69

Studies of the refractive properties of Gramicidin A in absolute ethanol and in ethanol water mixtures showed that this peptide in solution undergoes a conformational transition resulting in species with different refractivity. Accordingly, the folded form of this peptide shows a lower specific refractive index increment than the unfolded form. In addition, the occurrence of a strong pressure dependence of the transition is documented.
Mol Biol Rep 1975 Jul
PMID:Anomalous refractivity changes of gramicidin A in ethanol solutions. 5 70

1. Complete mechanical occlusion of the ileum was produced in dogs and the loops above and below the obstruction were examined functionally and morphologically 4 or 7 days later. 2. The intraluminal pressure in the occluded loop never exceeded 8 cm water. 3. The mucosa above the obstruction secreted water and ions into the lumen in vivo, though it absorbed glucose normally. Mucosal slices also absorbed amino acids and monosaccharides normally in vitro. 4. The mucosa below the obstruction absorbed ions and glucose in vivo and non-electrolytes in vitro to a slightly smaller extent than normal intestine. 5. The morphological changes above the occlusion included shorter, plumper villi and shorter crypts, a reduction in histochemically stainable brush-border enzymes, but an increase in acid phosphatase. Below the obstruction, there was atrophy of the villi and crypts and reductions in all enzymes studied. 6. The results suggest that the mucosa above the occlusion possesses an intact and almost normal epithelial layer, but that it has been stimulated to secrete in vivo, presumably by intraluminal factors. Below the obstruction, true atrophy of the mucosa has promptly developed.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Feb
PMID:Morphology and function of the dog ileum after mechanical occlusion. 13 Feb 21

1. Groups of young rats were kept in a hypoxic chamber or in air as control animals for 28 days. 2. Hypoxic and control animals were treated with either alpha-methyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (alpha-methyldopa) or distilled water. 3. alpha-Methyldopa significantly reduced the increase in pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy induced by chronic hypoxia and partially prevented the histological changes in the small pulmonary vessels.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1977 Oct
PMID:Effect of alpha-methyldopa on the pulmonary vascular changes induced by chronic hypoxia in rats. 14 42

A light-induced reduction of the water-soluble nitroxide radical by chlorophyll in lipid and protein--lipid micelles was demonstrated. In contrast to model systems, in whole chloroplasts the NR is photoreduced by the electrons of the noncyclic electron transport chain. The initiation of cyclic electron transport in light particles, containing only photosystem I, does not lead to photoreduction of NR. When exogenous protein -- human serum albumin -- is added to the light particles, the nitroxide radicals are intensively reduced. The specific role of protein in electron transport from P700 to the exogenous acceptor is discussed.
Mol Biol 1975 Jan
PMID:Investigation of electron transport in the chloroplasts and their fragments by the ESR method. II. Light-induced interaction of water-soluble nitroxide radical with chloroplasts and chlorophyll containing protein-lipid micelles. 16 97

1. Intracellular K+ content, water spaces and corticosterone output were measured in isolated zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata-reticularis cell suspensions of rat adrenal cortex, after incubation in vitro under conditions designed to alter steroidogenesis. 2. Intracellular K+ of unpurified zona glomerulosa cells was not altered after stimulation of corticosterone output with serotonin. Similarly, with zona glomerulosa cells purified by unit gravity sedimentation, no change in intracellular K+ was detected after stimulation of steroidogenesis with serotonin or angiotensin II. 3. In high-potassium medium (final concentration 8.4 mmol/1), parallel increases in intracellular K+ and corticosterone output were observed with both purified zona glomerulosa cells. However, a similar increase in intracellular K+ also occurred in high-potassium medium with zona fasciculata cells, whose steroid output is unresponsive to external potassium concentration ([K+]). 4. Ouabain at 10(-5) mol/1 depressed the intracellular [K+] of glomerulosa cells but did not alter basal or stimulated corticosterone output. Similar results were obtained with fasciculata cells. 5. Ouabain at 5 times 10(-4) mol/1 further depressed intracellular [K-+] of glomerulosa cells and inhibited basal and stimulated corticosterone output. However, this concentration of ouabain also inhibited steroidogenesis in fasciculata cells. 6. These results demonstrate a variety of situations where changes in intracellular [K+] are dissociated from those in corticosterone output and indicate that intracellular [K+] cannot be the sole mechanism regulating steroidogenesis under these conditions.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1975 Jul
PMID:Relation of intracellular K+ and steroidogenesis in isolated adrenal zona glomerulosa and fasciculata cells. 16 26

A comparison was made of the calculated mol. wt. of RNA fragments from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) types A12 strain 119, C3 Resende and O1 Brugge. The mol. wt. were calculated by two methods: from the measurements of strand lengths in the electron micrographs and from the observed sedimentation rates (s-rates). RNA extracted from virus by dialysis against water usually had three to four prominent strands of different lengths. Mol. wt. calculated from s-rates (and converted to strand lengths) generally agreed with those measured on electron micrographs. Differences which occurred appeared to be attributable to further breakage during processing for electron microscopy. Major fragment strand lengths range from 0-65 to 2-45 mum. The modal lengths of RNA fragments were preparation-dependent, ranging from 1-25 to 1-95 mum for A12 119, 1-05 to 1-75 mum for C3 Resende, and 1-65 to 2-45 mum for O1 Brugge. There was one fragment length 1-95 mum common to all three types of FMDV RNA and several others which appear in at least two types. Calculations using the molar ratios of nucleotide residues in FMDV RNA, a mol. wt. of FMDV RNA of 2-65 X 10(6) and an internucleotide spacing of 3-17 A indicate that intact FMDV RNA should be 2-62 mum long and therefore would contain approx. 8270 nucleotides. The derived mathematical expression for the relationship between mol. wt. (M) and s-rate (S) giving the best fit for all data was M = 1725 S2-07, a result close to that derived by Spirin (1963) for other single-stranded RNAs.
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PMID:A comparison of molecular weights of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA fragments determined from lengths and s-rates. 17 21

The rotation of alpha-chymotripsin in water solution is studied by use of nitroxyl radical, which is adsorbed by the alpha-chymotrypsin. It has been shown that under the conditions used the probe is fixed on the rotating diffusive protein monomer. Theoretical calculations of possible rotation correlation times for alpha-chymotripsin molecule were performed taking into account hydration and non-spherical shape. Experimental data obtained are in good agreement with theoretical values.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[A study of the Brownian movement of alpha-chymotrypsin molecules by the spin probe method]. 18 Mar 99


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