Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Large numbers of mucopolysaccharide secreting cells were found in the pancreatic tissue of children with nesidioblastosis. Ultrastructural studies showed that mucus cells contained secretion granules and a characteristic smooth endoplasmic reticulum composed of an array of anastomosed tubules. The periodic acid - thiocarbohydrazide - silver reaction demonstrated the presence of glycogen in the hyaloplasm and of polysaccharides in secretion granules, the Golgi apparatus and in vesicles. A hypothesis is proposed, according to which mucus cells differentiate from a pancreatic stem cell common to both endocrine and exocrine tissues, through a mitochondria-rich intermediate cell stage.
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1979 May 31
PMID:Occurence and cytodifferentiation of mucopolysaccharide secreting cells in the pancreas of children with nesidioblastosis. 3 64

During the HeLa S-phase, DNA was methylated, at 1-hr intervals in isolated nuclei and fractionated in Ag+-Cs2SO4 gradients providing a heavy GC-rich peak and a main light AT-rich peak. Both size and specific methylation of these peaks changed during the nDNA duplicative phase. Replication of the heavy GC-rich nDNA fraction, which contains genes for ribosomal RNA, occurred in early S; in contrast, replication of the main AT-rich nDNA fraction was maximal in late S. Concomitantly, specific methylation of the GC-rich nDNA was maximal in the first part of S, while that of the AT-rich nDNA was maximal in the second part of S. This suggested that genes are replicated and methylated with order during the S-phase.
Mol Biol Rep 1979 Feb 15
PMID:Organization, replication and modification of the human genome: temporal order of synthesis and methylation of two classes of HeLa nDNA separated in Ag+--Cs2-SO4 gradients. 37 61

1. The protective action of the renal medulla was studied in one-kidney renal-clip hypertension in rats with unilateral hereditary hydronephrosis and almost complete atrophy of the medulla of the affected kidney. 2. Rats were unilaterally nephrectomized. The first group had a normal kidney remaining, and the animals from the second and third groups were left with a hydronephrotic kidney and received renomedullary and renocortical autotransplants respectively. Two weeks later all rats were made hypertensive by placing a silver clip (0.2 mm) on the renal artery. 3. From the fourth day after clipping until the end of the experiment blood pressure was found to be significantly (P less than 0.01) lower in rats with medullary transplants than in the other groups. No differences in renal excretory function, plasma volume and plasma renin activity were found between the groups either before or during development of hypertension (5 and 21 days after clipping). Early in the course of hypertension (5 days) cardiac output was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the rats with medullary transplants than in the other groups, although an increase in plasma volume was noted in all three groups. At that time no difference in total peripheral resistance was found between the groups. 4. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the renomedullary antihypertensive substance(s) mitigates hypertension by preventing a hypertensive haemodynamic response to sodium/volume overload.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1978 Apr
PMID:The mechanism of renomedullary antihypertensive action: haemodynamic studies in hydronephrotic rats with one-kidney renal-clip hypertension. 63 67

BHK21/Cl1 cells, starved for 30 h in serum deficient medium and treated for 15 h with 1 mM hydroxyorea (HO) in order to obtain a synchronous cell population in the G1/S-boundary, incorporate a residual proportion of 3H-thymidine (dThd). This residual incorporation is due to semiconservative synthesis and may not be reduced by increasing the drug concentration without affecting the reversion capacity of the cells proportionally. As shown by autoradiographic analysis, the residual DNA synthesis does not correspond to 3H-dThd incorporation within a small number of resistant cells, but is located in the nuclei of a high proportion of cells with reduced density of silver grains. After treatment with 0.05 mM HU, however, the incorporation of 3H-dThd increases considerably over the control values. The determination of the radioactivity incorporated by microgram DNA corresponding to nuclei in S phase indicates that this concentration of HU is also able to reduce the rate of DNA polymerization. Kinetic data on the appearance of this increased 3H-dThd incorporation and on the accumulation of labelled nuclei in cells growing at random and labelled continuously with the radioactive DNA precursor indicate that HU stimulates the cells to enter the S phase. The reported results are consistent with a mechanism of action of HU which affects initiation and elongation of DNA chains separately.
Mol Cell Biochem 1978 Aug 16
PMID:Separate effect of hydroxyurea on the initiation and elongation of DNA synthesis in BHK cells. 70 64

HeLa nuclear DNA sediments as a single peak, in neutral CsCl, while it is separated in a heavier and a lighter components, in alkaline Ag+--Cs2SO4. The heavy fraction, on the average, represents about 20% of the total DNA. CsCl analytical ultracentrifugation shows that heavy DNA bands at 1.715 g/cm3 and contains 53% GC (10% of the total GC), whereas light DNA bands at 1.703 g/cm3 and contains 40% GC (32% of the total GC). Coherently, Tm values in 0.1 x SSC are 82.5 degrees C, for heavy DNA, and 72.5 degrees C, for light DNA. After treatment with [3H-methyl-S-adenosyl-L-methionine in isolated nuclei, the concentration of labelled 5-methylcytosine was found to be highest in the more dense regions of the heavy peak and in the less dense regions of the light peak. Exposure to ultrasound modifies the quantitative relationship of the two peaks and improves the separation of supermethylated AT- and GC-rich DNAs. Four possible triplets as sites for DNA-methylase recognition are discussed.
Mol Biol Rep 1978 Oct 16
PMID:Organization, replication and modification of the human genome: differential methylation of two classes of HeLa nuclear DNA separated on Ag+--Cs2SO4 gradients. 73 83

For evolutionary reasons, we determined the primary structure of rat lysozyme. The chymotryptic peptides from the reduced and carboxymethylated protein were sequenced and aligned by homology with the sequence of human lysozyme. Overlaps were confirmed by partial structures of tryptic peptides and an automatic sequencer run on the whole protein. By comparing this lysozyme sequence with those of human and baboon and taking into account paleontological estimates of the times of divergence of these species from one another, an approximate estimate of the average rate of lysozyme evolution was made. This rate is not significantly different from the average rate of lactalbumin evolution in mammals--a finding which is at variance with Dickerson's [Dickerson, R.E. (1971), J. Mol. Evol. 1, 26] and Dayhoff's [Dayhoff, m.o., ed. (1972), Atlas of Protein Structure and Sequence, Vol. 5, Silver Spring, Md., The National Biomedical Research Foundation] conclusion that lactalbumin evolution has been faster than lysozyme evolution. Our finding raises the possibility that the gene duplication event responsible for the origin of lactalbumin from lysozyme was more ancient than is generally supposed. Furthermore, from comparison of the rates of lysozyme evolution in rodents and primates, it is suggested that generation time is not a key factor in lysozyme evolution.
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PMID:Primary structure of rat lysozyme. 85 97

The number of ribosomal RNA cistrons has been measured in the total DNA extracted from L2 juvenile and adult stages of the free-living nematode Panagrellus silusiae. Saturation hybridization studies with homologous rRNA indicate that both stages have about 275 ribosomal genes per haploid equivalent. Using homologous 125I-labelled rRNA for in situ hybridization, the mean number of silver grains per DNA content for oocyte, hypodermis and gut nuclei was similar. The mean DNA contents of maturing oocyte, hypodermis and gut nuclei are about 20C, 2C, and 10C respectively. We conclude that rDNA amplication alone is insufficient to account for the variation in DNA content of oocytes and that postembryonic development in this eutelic organism occurs without a significant differential increase in the number of ribosomal cistrons per worm.
Mol Gen Genet 1976 Sep 23
PMID:Relative ribosomal RNA cistron multiplicity in oocytes and postembryonic stages of the eutelic nematode Panagrellus silusiae. 98 26

Autoradiography and biochemical investigations showed that [3H]-testosterone where injected intraperitoneally into male white rats was incorporated rapidly into thymus lymphocytes. Thymic cortex contained more silver grains than medulla, and larger lymphocytes were more labelled than medium or small lymphocytes. Cytosol fraction of thymus cells labelled in vivo with [3H]-testosterone, contained the largest quantity of labelled hormone. A 4S cytosol fraction binds [3H]-testosterone. This could be separated by Sephadex chromatography or by linear sucrose gradient centrifugation. Nuclear extract contained also a small quantity of the labelled hormone.
Mol Cell Biochem 1976 Dec 10
PMID:'3H-testosterone distribution and binding in rat thymus cells in vivo'. 103 2

1. In an attempt to determine the mechanism whereby enzymes are removed from the circulating plasma, purified rabbit-muscle lactate dehydrogenase-5 was labelled with 125I and injected intravenously into rabbits. During the first hour after injection enzyme activity and radioactivity disappeared from the plasma at comparable fast rates, which are attributed mainly to distribution of the enzyme throughout the extracellular fluid. This was followed by a phase lasting about 7 h during which enzyme activity disappeared at a faster rate than the radioactivity, an observation indicating either intravascular breakdown of the enzyme protein or its degradation in the tissues, followed by release of labelled fragments into the circulation. Enzyme activity then reached a constant value and the plasma radioactivity continued to decrease at a slower exponential rate; it is suggested that this is due to removal of breakdown products. 2. The radioactivity of the tissues was measured at various time-intervals after injection. After 2 h and 8 h highest concentrations were found in the spleen, liver, jejunum and duodenum. Relatively high concentrations were also found in the intestinal juices throughout the period of study, an observation which suggests that discharge via the small intestine is a major route whereby inactivated enzyme fragments are removed from the circulation. 3. About 5% of the injected radioactivity was recovered in the faeces during the first 3 days, and the urine accounted for 73% during the same period. About 35% of the urinary radioactivity was shown by silver nitrate precipitation and by chromatography to consist of free iodide and the remainder appeared to consist of radio-iodinated amino acids or peptides. Free mono- and di-iodotyrosine were identified among the products. These results suggest that further breakdown in the intestine is followed by absorption of the products, which are excreted in the urine.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Jan
PMID:The fate of circulating lactate dehydrogenase-5 in the rabbit. 124 99

1. The sodium and water excretion rates of rabbit kidneys were studied when isolated and perfused at known pressure with blood from another normal anaesthetized rabbit. Studies at several different perfusion pressures confirmed that a small rise in perfusion pressure caused a large rise in sodium excretion and that the potential sodium-excreting ability of the isolated kidney was high. The curve obtained could be closely fitted by a quadratic equation which allowed an estimate to be made of the blood pressure below which no urine is formed, i.e. the 'theoretical perfusion pressure threshold'. For normal kidneys this was 55-4 mmHg. 2. A group of rabbits had a silver clip applied to the left renal artery and, 3-6 weeks later, the eight most hypertensive animals were selected to provide their kidneys for perfusion. Both kidneys were perfused simultaneously. The clip on the left renal artery was removed immediately before perfusion and the cannula placed distal to the stenosis in the post-stenotic dilatation. The function curves of these kidneys were compared with the curves obtained from normal kidneys. 3. The untouched kidney contralateral to the clip was found to require a significantly higher perfusion pressure (71-7 mmHg) for it to achieve a given sodium excretion rate and, surprisingly, the clipped kidney showed a similar functional change (76-4 mmHg). In other words the positions of both function curves were shifted though their slopes were not much changed. 4. Both kidneys in single-clip-hypertension appear to adapt or reset their sodium excretory behaviour. The resetting in the untouched kidney allows hypertension to be sustained without undue sodium loss. Aldosterone probably contributes little to the resetting. We infer, indirectly, that the normal kidney may, to a significant extent, restrain sodium excretion by virtue of its sympathetic innervation. We also opine that the kidney cannot be assigned fixed intrinsic functional properties on which a renal sodium-handling theory of long-term blood pressure regulation can be firmly based.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Mar
PMID:The relation between the excretion of sodium and water and the perfusion pressure in the isolated, blood-perfused, rabbit kidney, with special reference to changes occurring in clip-hypertension. 125 32


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