Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-nine patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) according to American College of Rheumatology criteria were studied for cell-mediated sensitivity to environmental chemicals. Lymphocytes were tested by standard [(3)H]thymidine incorporation in vitro for T cell memory to 11 chemical substances. Concanavalin A (Con A) was used to demonstrate T cell proliferation. Controls were 25 contemporaneous healthy adults and 252 other concurrent standard controls without any aspect of FMS. Significantly higher (P < 0.01) stimulation indexes (SI) were found in FMS for aluminum, lead, and platinum; borderline higher (0.05 > P > 0.02) SI were found for cadmium and silicon. FMS patients showed sporadic responses to the specific substances tested, with no high-frequency result (>50%) and no obvious pattern. Mitogenic responses to Con A indicated some suppression of T cell functionality in FMS. Possible links between mitogenicity and immunogenic T cell proliferation, certain electrochemical specifics of granuloma formation, maintenance of connective tissue, and the fundamental nature of FMS are considered.
Exp Mol Pathol 2000 Oct
PMID:Environmental immunogens and T-cell-mediated responses in fibromyalgia: evidence for immune dysregulation and determinants of granuloma formation. 1100 60

Measurements of gill protein synthesis, and hence turnover, were greatly facilitated over the last decade by the application of "flooding dose" methodology to non-mammalian species. Numerous studies show that in fish and aquatic invertebrates, gills are among the most active tissues with respect to protein turnover, this being true under a variety of environmental and nutritional conditions. The main components being turned over in fish gills are probably collagen, primarily in the gill arches, and epithelial cell proteins in the filaments, both arches and filaments having similar protein synthesis rates. Intriguingly, differences are apparent between protein synthesis rates of adjacent holobranchs, the first (most anterior) being significantly more active than the second or third, perhaps hinting at functional differences between holobranchs. Experimental estimates of energetic costs for protein synthesis, derived from cycloheximide treatment of isolated perfused gills, give a maximum value of 14 mmol O2/g protein synthesized, which is about double theoretical costs. Environmental stressors, such as heavy metals or acid/aluminum, have variable effects on branchial protein turnover. Limited data suggest that zinc or acid exposure depresses protein synthesis, whereas acid/aluminum increases it quite markedly. Calculations indicate that whereas effects within the gills may be substantial, in terms of whole animal energetics, the costs of branchial adaptation are likely to be small.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1998 Jan
PMID:Gill protein turnover: costs of adaptation. 1125 93

An extensive ab initio molecular orbital study of the (27)Al nuclear spin-rotation and nuclear quadrupolar coupling constants in aluminum hydride, AlH, has been performed. The (27)Al nuclear spin-rotation constant (C( perpendicular)), calculated to be approximately 300 kHz, was neglected in a previous analysis of the hyperfine structure in the microwave spectrum (M. Goto and S. Saito, Astrophys. J. 452, L147-148 (1995)). Unfortunately, the ab initio calculations do not provide a definitive value for the aluminum nuclear quadrupolar coupling constant, but suggest a value of -49+/-4 MHz. It is apparent that the microwave study of AlH should be repeated. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.
J Mol Spectrosc 2001 Jun
PMID:Hyperfine Parameters for Aluminum Hydride: An ab Initio Molecular Orbital Study. 1139 3

We determined whether activation of G proteins can affect the force developed for a given intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]; i.e., the Ca(2+) sensitivity) by mechanisms in addition to changes in regulatory myosin light chain (rMLC) phosphorylation. Responses in alpha-toxin-permeabilized canine tracheal smooth muscle were determined with Ca(2+) alone or in the presence of ACh, endothelin-1 (ET-1), or aluminum fluoride (AlF; acute or 1-h exposure). Acute exposure to each compound increased Ca(2+) sensitivity without changing the response to high [Ca(2+)] (maximal force). However, chronic exposure to AlF, but not to chronic ACh or ET-1, increased maximal force by increasing the force produced for a given rMLC phosphorylation. Studies employing thiophosphorylation of rMLC showed that the increase in force produced by chronic AlF exposure required Ca(2+) during activation to be manifest. Unlike the acute response to receptor agonists, which is mediated solely by increases in rMLC phosphorylation, chronic direct activation of G proteins further increases Ca(2+) sensitivity in airways by additional mechanisms that are independent of rMLC phosphorylation.
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2001 Sep
PMID:Calcium sensitization produced by G protein activation in airway smooth muscle. 1150 90

This work aimed to study the relationship between the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) or aluminum (Al) in certain tissues and the levels of lipid peroxides as well as tissue antioxidants. To carry out such investigations, CdCl2 was given to rats in two dose levels; 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg i.p for 1 day or daily repeated doses for 2 weeks. Al was given as AlCl3 either in a single dose of 100 mg/kg or daily repeated doses of 20 mg/kg for 2 and 4 weeks. The measured parameters were tissue malondialdehyde (MDA, index of lipid peroxidation) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) enzymes. Liver and kidney functions were assessed by measuring serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities as well as serum urea and creatinine concentrations. Cd and Al concentrations in the studied tissues were also measured. Results indicated that tissue Cd was significantly increased after administration of either Cd doses. After a single dose of 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg CdCl2, the increase in tissue Cd levels were accompanied by an increase in MDA and a decrease in GSH levels. On the other hand, after repeated administration of Cd, tissue Cd accumulation was accompanied by increased hepatic and renal GSH levels with decrease in MDA content and a decrease in GSH-PX activity in liver. Liver function was affected at all dose regimens, whereas kidney function was affected only after 2 weeks administration of the higher dose. In Al treated rats, Al concentration was shown to be increased in liver much more than in brain. This was accompanied by a slight decrease in hepatic GSH level after 2 weeks and a decrease in GSH-PX activity after 4 weeks. Liver function was affected only after repeated injection of Al for 2 or 4 weeks. In general, Al administration exhibited safer pattern than Cd.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2001
PMID:Effect of cadmium and aluminum intake on the antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in rat tissues. 1167 49

We report on a generally useful, partially automated, human mutation detection method based upon printing moderate density oligonucleotide arrays using a biorobot on activated nylon membranes. The Beckman Biomek 2000 was adapted to this task through fabrication of aluminum membrane filter holders and the development of an addressable Tool Command Language (Tcl) program, which can be invoked through BioScript. During program execution, a robot arm is moved along the x, y, and z axes to expel liquid, without dripping, from disposable barrier pipette tips and then to touch the drops on preactivated membranes. Printed arrays consist of alternating rows of oligonucleotides containing normal and mutant sequences. Hybridization of biotin labeled polymerase chain reaction products derived from human patient genomic DNA samples are visualized using chemiluminescent or chromogenic indicators. This technique allows unequivocal genotyping of 32 mutations at the beta-thalassemia locus (11p15.5) and of 34 mutations and one polymorphism at the cystic fibrosis transconductance membrane regulator locus (7p35).
J Mol Diagn 2001 Nov
PMID:Robot printing of reverse dot blot arrays for human mutation detection. 1168 2

We investigated whether CTLA4-Ig can reverse established asthma manifestations in a novel murine model of ongoing disease. In BALB/c mice, sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) without adjuvant, airway inflammation was induced by a first series of OVA aerosol challenges. Murine CTLA4-IgG was then administered, followed by a second series of OVA inhalations. In control-treated mice, two series of OVA challenges induced upregulation of OVA-specific IgE in serum, eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and IL-5 production by lung lymphocytes upon OVA restimulation in vitro, compared with saline-challenged mice. CTLA4-IgG significantly inhibited all of these parameters in OVA-challenged mice. Importantly, mCTLA4-IgG performed better than the gold-standard dexamethasone because this corticosteroid did not inhibit the upregulation of OVA-specific IgE in serum. In a more "severe" ongoing model, induced by sensitization to OVA emulsified in aluminum hydroxide, resulting in airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine and stronger inflammatory responses, mCTLA4-IgG was less effective in that only the number of eosinophils in the BALF was reduced (P = 0.053), whereas dexamethasone inhibited both BALF eosinophilia and cytokine production by lung lymphocytes. Thus, CTLA4-Ig might be an effective alternative therapy in established allergic asthma, especially in situations of mild disease.
Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2001 Dec
PMID:CTLA4-IgG reverses asthma manifestations in a mild but not in a more "severe" ongoing murine model. 1172 2

Apoptosis may represent a prominent form of neuronal death in chronic neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. Although apoptosis under mitochondrial control has received considerable attention, mechanisms used within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and nucleus in mediating apoptotic signals are not well understood. A growing body of evidence is emerging from different studies which suggests an active role for the ER in regulating apoptosis. Disturbances of ER function have been shown to trigger two different apoptotic pathways; one involves cross-talk with mitochondria and is regulated by the antiapoptotic Bcl-2, and the second is characterized by the activation of caspase-12. Also, stress in the ER has been suggested to result in the activation of a number of proteins, such as gadd 153 and NF-kappa, and in the downregulation of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2. In the present study, the intracisternal injection in aged rabbits of either the neurotoxin aluminum maltolate or of Abeta(1-42), has been found to induce nuclear translocation of gadd 153 and the inducible transcription factor, NF-kappaB. Translocation of these two proteins is accompanied by decreased levels of Bcl-2 in both the ER and the nucleus. Aluminum maltolate, but not Abeta, induces caspase-12 activation which is a mediator of ER-specific apoptosis; this is the first report of the in vivo activation of caspase-12. These findings indicate that the ER may play a role in regulating apoptosis in vivo, and could be of significance in the pathology of neurodegeneration and related disorders.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001 Nov 30
PMID:Abeta(1-42) and aluminum induce stress in the endoplasmic reticulum in rabbit hippocampus, involving nuclear translocation of gadd 153 and NF-kappaB. 1173 Oct 6

In an excitation range of 620-760 nm, resonance Raman spectra of aluminum dimers (Al2) in an argon matrix have been obtained for the first time. Temperature annealing experiments were performed to remove Raman lines attributed site effects caused by the Al2/Ar matrix. We observe a single fundamental at 293.3 (5) cm(-1) along with a progression up to 1149 (1) cm(-1). Taking successive differences of band centers we obtain spectroscopic constants for the ground state fundamental, w(e) = 297.5 (5) cm(-1), the anharmonicity, e(e)x(e) = 1.68 (8) cm(-1). Our results are in close agreement with previous experimental results for Al2 which designate the ground state as a 3piu state, and may be considered as confirmation of this assignment.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2001 Dec
PMID:Resonance Raman spectroscopy of mass selected Al2 in an argon matrix. 1178 82

This study compared the effects of cholera toxin (CTX) and pertussis toxin (PTX) on the actions of sodium fluoride (NaF) and those of aluminum fluoride (AlF3) on cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as tyrosine phosphorylation level of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human bone cells. NaF and AlF3 each significantly stimulated the proliferation of human TE85 osteosarcoma cells, increased cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and increased MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation level. CTX completely blocked the bone cell anabolic activities of both NaF and AlF3. While PTX (2 ng/ml) inhibited the bone cell actions of NaF, it had no significant effect on those of AlF3. Both CTX and PTX completely blocked the stimulatory action of AlF3 on MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation, but neither toxin had an effect on the action of NaF on MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation. In conclusion, PTX and CTX had contrasting effects on the anabolic bone cell actions of NaF and AlF3 actions. These findings argue against the hypothesis that the osteogenic activity of NaF is mediated via the formation of AlF3 in human TE85 osteosarcoma cells.
Mol Cell Biochem 2001 Dec
PMID:Differential effects of bacterial toxins on mitogenic actions of sodium fluoride and those of aluminum fluoride in human TE85 osteosarcoma cells. 1185 46


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