Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mechanisms of proton transport were investigated in planar phospholipid bilayer membranes exposed to aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), acetaminophen (4-acetamidophenol), benzoic acid and three aspirin metabolites (salicylic acid, gentisic acid and salicyluric acid). The objectives were to characterize the conductances and permeabilities of these weak acids in lipid bilayer membranes and then predict their effects on mitochondrial membranes. Of the compounds tested only aspirin, benzoate and salicylate caused significant increases in membrane conductance. The conductance was due mainly to proton current at low pH and to weak acid anion current at neutral pH. Analysis of the concentration and pH dependence suggests that these weak acids act as HA-2-type proton carriers when pH approximately pK and as lipid soluble anions at neutral pH. Salicylate is much more potent than aspirin and benzoate because salicylate contains an internal hydrogen bond which delocalizes the negative charge and increases the permeability of the anion. Model calculations for mitochondria suggest that salicylate causes net H+ uptake by a cyclic process of HA influx and A- efflux. This model can explain the salicylate-induced uncoupling and swelling observed in isolated mitochondria. Since ingested aspirin breaks down rapidly to form salicylate, these results may clarify the mechanisms of aspirin toxicity in humans. The results may also help to explain why the ingestion of aspirin but not acetaminophen is associated with Reye's syndrome, a disease characterized by impaired energy metabolism and mitochondrial swelling.
Mol Cell Biochem 1992 Sep 08
PMID:Aspirin, acetaminophen and proton transport through phospholipid bilayers and mitochondrial membranes. 133 28

We describe a family of stress-induced, developmentally regulated soybean genes for which cDNAs have been obtained from two different cultivars (Glycine max cv. Mandarin and Glycine max cv. Williams). The mRNAs corresponding to these cDNAs, called SAM22 and H4, respectively, accumulate predominantly in the roots of soybean seedlings but are present at high levels in the roots and leaves of mature plants. SAM22 accumulation is especially dramatic in senescent leaves. In addition, SAM22 accumulation can be induced on young leaves by wounding or by transpiration-mediated uptake of salicylic acid, methyl viologen, fungal elicitor, hydrogen peroxide or sodium phosphate (pH 6.9). Taken together, these data indicate that the genes corresponding to SAM22 and H4 are induced by various stresses and developmental cues. Southern blot analysis indicates that multiple copies of sequences related to SAM22 exist in the soybean genome. We also show that the nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs corresponding to SAM22 and H4 are 86% identical at the nucleotide level to each other and 70% identical at the amino acid level to the 'disease resistance response proteins' of Pisum sativum.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 Feb
PMID:Characterization of a stress-induced, developmentally regulated gene family from soybean. 137 3

Regulation of wound-inducible 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase expression was studied in tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Pik-Red). A 70 base oligonucleotide probe homologous to published ACC synthase cDNA sequences was successfully used to identify and analyze regulation of a wound-inducible transcript. The 1.8 kb ACC synthase transcript increased upon wounding the fruit as well as during fruit ripening. Salicylic acid, an inhibitor of wound-responsive genes in tomato, inhibited the wound-induced accumulation of the ACC synthase transcript. Further, polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) that have anti-senescence properties and have been shown to inhibit the development of ACC synthase activity, inhibited the accumulation of the wound-inducible ACC synthase transcript. The inhibition by spermine was greater than that caused by putrescine or spermidine. The transcript level of a wound-repressible glycine-rich protein gene and that of the constitutively expressed rRNA were not affected as markedly by either salicylic acid or polyamines. These data suggest that salicylic acid and polyamines may specifically regulate ethylene biosynthesis at the level of ACC synthase transcript accumulation.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 Feb
PMID:Accumulation of wound-inducible ACC synthase transcript in tomato fruit is inhibited by salicylic acid and polyamines. 137 4

A previously undescribed cDNA family was isolated from tobacco challenged with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). A cDNA library was constructed with mRNA from upper leaves of Xanthi nc tobacco plants that had been inoculated with TMV on the lower leaves 11 days previously. The library was screened differentially with radiolabeled cDNA synthesized with mRNA from upper, uninoculated leaves of either TMV-inoculated or mock-inoculated tobacco plants. The new cDNA family, designated SAR8.2, had at least five expressed members, one or more of which were inducible by TMV inoculation and by salicylic acid treatment. The cDNAs encoded small, highly basic proteins containing N-terminal hydrophobic signal peptides and highly conserved cysteine-rich C-terminal domains. One of the SAR8.2 family members contained a direct repeat of the C-terminal domain in tandem. Hybridization of SAR8.2 cDNA to tobacco genomic DNAs indicated a gene family of 10-12 members.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact
PMID:A new multigene family inducible by tobacco mosaic virus or salicylic acid in tobacco. 147 4

The formation of hydroxyl radical in the post-ischemic reperfused heart was measured with high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection using salicylic acid. Hydroxyl radicals react with salicylic acid yielding 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, which can be separated by the liquid chromatography. Isolated rat hearts were perfused with 1 mM salicylic acid and were subjected to 30 mins of global ischemia followed by aerobic or anaerobic reperfusion at 37 degrees C. The effluent from the hearts was collected at various intervals, extracted with ether, and injected into the high performance liquid chromatography unit. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was present only after aerobic reperfusion and was not detected before ischemia. The liquid chromatography peak of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid was too small for quantitation. The concentration of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was the highest within 300 s of reperfusion. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was not detected in the ischemic hearts during anaerobic reperfusion. In ischemic hearts perfused with mannitol, the amount of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid after reperfusion was reduced. These data suggest that hydroxyl radicals are produced in the post-ischemic reperfused heart and that the present method is useful and reliable for the measurement of hydroxyl radicals in the heart.
J Mol Cell Cardiol 1991 Mar
PMID:Detection of hydroxyl radicals in the post-ischemic reperfused heart using salicylate as a trapping agent. 165 47

A rice beta-glucanase gene was sequenced and its expression analyzed at the level of mRNA accumulation. This gene (Gns1) is expressed at relatively low levels in germinating seeds, shoots, leaves, panicles and callus, but it is expressed at higher levels in roots. Expression in the roots appears to be constitutive. Shoots express Gns1 at much higher levels when treated with ethylene, cytokinin, salicylic acid, and fungal elicitors derived from the pathogen Sclerotium oryzae or from the non-pathogen Saccharomyces cereviseae. Shoots also express Gns1 at higher levels in response to wounding. Expression in the shoots is not significantly affected by auxin, gibberellic acid or abscisic acid. The beta-glucanase shows 82% amino acid similarity to the barley 1,3;1,4-beta-D-glucanases, and from hybridization studies it is the beta-glucanase gene in the rice genome closest to the barley 1,3;1,4-beta-glucanase EI gene. The mature peptide has a calculated molecular mass of 32 kDa. The gene has a large 3145 bp intron in the codon for the 25th amino acid of the signal peptide. The gene exhibits a very strong codon bias of 99% G + C in the third position of the codon in the mature peptide coding region, but only 61% G + C in the signal peptide region.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 Jan
PMID:Structure of a rice beta-glucanase gene regulated by ethylene, cytokinin, wounding, salicylic acid and fungal elicitors. 173 76

To discover the antigenicity-producing mechanism of acetylsalicylic acid, the interaction of this drug and relevant salicylic acid with human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied by means of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The determination of spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) of some protons have revealed that one HSA molecule can bind acetylsalicylate and salicylate up to 80 and 290 molecules, respectively. The hydrolysis rates of acetylsalicylate were greatly enhanced in the presence of HSA, especially when the drug/HSA mole ratio was small. Thus, the esterase-like activity of HSA was verified. This activity of HSA was effectively inhibited by salicylate; the effect was ascribed to the stronger binding affinity of salicylate toward HSA as compared with that of acetylsalicylate. Based on these results, the antigenicity-producing mechanism of acetylsalicylate and salicylate has been discussed.
Mol Immunol
PMID:Acetylsalicylate-human serum albumin interaction as studied by NMR spectroscopy--antigenicity-producing mechanism of acetylsalicylic acid. 201 Nov 21

A cDNA clone corresponding to a mRNA that rapidly accumulates during the hypersensitive-like response induced by elicitor treatment of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber was characterized. The clone encodes a polypeptide (Mr = 41,097) having 83%-85% amino acid identity with known plant alcohol dehydrogenase sequences (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1). The identity of the clone was confirmed by measuring the ADH enzyme activity in extracts of Escherichia coli transformed with the cDNA clone. In potato tuber disks, a wide range of stresses, including treatment with fatty acid elicitors, salicylic acid, UV light and anaerobiosis, was shown to induce accumulation of Adh transcripts. In stems, a high constitutive level of Adh transcripts could be detected in 4-week old plants, but not in 8-week old plants. However, the mRNA could be induced to accumulate in stems of 8-week old plants by treatment with arachidonic acid elicitor or by anaerobiosis. Induction in leaves was also obtained during anaerobiosis and after treatment with a Phytophthora infestans mycelial homogenate.
Plant Mol Biol 1990 May
PMID:Alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression in potato following elicitor and stress treatment. 210 55

We determined the primary structure of a tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene. The beta-1,3-glucanase gene has a single large intron, and the intron separates coding regions of the signal peptide and the mature enzyme. Analysis of the 5'-flanking region sequence revealed an 11 bp GC-rich element with perfect homology to the putative regulatory sequence of tobacco chitinase genes. RNA blot analysis showed that levels of mRNAs of beta-1,3-glucanase and chitinase are coordinately increased in response to ethylene and salicylic acid. Accumulation of beta-1,3-glucanase mRNA in suspension-cultured cells is rapidly induced at late logarithmic growth phase. Members of the tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene families are classified into two subfamilies. One of the subfamilies appeared to be transcriptionally inactive.
Plant Mol Biol 1990 Dec
PMID:Structure and expression of a tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene. 210 84

Binding and co-binding of various 19F-labeled ligands to human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied using 19F NMR. Specifically shifted resonances in slow exchange with the free resonances are detected for many of the ligands. These specifically shifted resonances can be studied to yield accurate estimates of site-specific binding constants and stoichiometries. In addition, the use of two different 19F-labeled ligands can directly reveal competition for a given site or independent binding at different sites. For instance, it is easily shown that both 5-F-L-tryptophan and 5-F-salicylic acid are capable of binding independently to two sites on HSA at the same time, without the need for any curve-fitting or assumptions. These results demonstrate that the concept of "sites" on HSA is not only useful but is necessary. The technique also reveals allosteric interactions between 5-F-L-Trp and warfarin co-bound to HSA. This technique proves to be a powerful methodology for studying ligand and drug binding to HSA that is free from some of the pitfalls associated with more traditional techniques such as equilibrium dialysis.
Mol Pharmacol 1990 Jan
PMID:Detection of site-specific binding and co-binding of ligands to human serum albumin using 19F NMR. 230 44


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