Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It was shown that the blockage of epsilon-amino group of Lis-126 residue by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine-1-oxyl (TMPO) leads to the cooperative inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase (L-glutamate-NAD(P)-oxidoreductase, EC 1.4.1.3). The data concerning cooperative inactivation of the enzyme are interpreted by the model of hexamer with identical orientation of subunits. It was shown that the modification of any of enzyme subunits is accompanied by an inactivation of the hexamer's fragment which is a dimer, with subunits interacting reciprocally by means of isological contacts.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Cooperative inactivation of glutamate dehydrogenase of 2,2,6,6- tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-oxyl. Interpretation of results within the scope of a hexamer model with equivalent subunit orientation]. 325 50

Rabbit antibodies against pigeon liver malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) were prepared. The antiserum gave single precipitation line with crude pigeon liver extract. Cross reaction was observed with partially purified malic enzyme or crude extract from chicken liver. Positive cross reaction was also observed with the concentrated cytosolic fraction of two human carcinoma cell lines which were demonstrated to contain high malic enzyme activity. All other proteins examined did not react with the antibodies. When purified pigeon liver malic enzyme was mixed with the antiserum in vitro, a time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme activity was observed. Protection of the enzyme activity against antiserum inactivation was afforded by NADP+ or L-malate. Metal Mn2+ gave little protection.
Mol Cell Biochem 1988 Feb
PMID:High malic enzyme activity in tumor cells and its cross-reaction with anti-pigeon liver malic enzyme serum. 339 39

Malic enzyme catalyzes the NADP-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate and carbon dioxide and is involved in lipogenesis. We have investigated the effect of thyroid hormone on the chromatin structure of the malic enzyme gene in rat liver. Hypersensitivity to DNase I in the immediate 5'-flanking region was altered by T3. T3 stimulation induced hypersensitive sites at -310 base pairs (bp) and -50 bp whereas a hypersensitive site at -170 bp was thyroid hormone independent. Hypersensitive sites identified in the 3'-flanking region showed no change with T3 stimulation. We further characterized expression of the malic enzyme gene as a function of thyroidal state by localizing malic enzyme mRNA in hepatocytes using in situ hybridization histochemistry. In hypothyroid and euthyroid states, two populations of hepatocytes were seen, some with malic enzyme message and others with no detectable message. These differences in malic enzyme gene expression were most evident between groups or regions of hepatocytes. After 10 days of thyroid hormone treatment all hepatocytes demonstrated malic enzyme message. The hypersensitivity results confirm that thyroid hormone stimulation of malic enzyme synthesis occurs in part at the level of transcription, and localization of malic enzyme gene expression suggests this stimulation is accompanied by recruitment of hepatocytes. Hepatocytes may be heterogeneous in their ability to respond to thyroid hormone.
Mol Endocrinol 1988 Jul
PMID:The effect of thyroid hormone on the chromatin structure and expression of the malic enzyme gene in hepatocytes. 341 27

Antisera were raised against several purified, high specific activity isozymes of maize alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1). The various antisera had different effects on the activity of immunoprecipitated ADH. One antiserum completely inactivated maize ADH. This inactivation could be blocked by preincubation of the enzyme with NAD+, its cofactor, or with NADP. The different antisera were used to analyze variant forms of ADH1. Isozymes having lowered specific activity were activated to wild-type levels by precipitation of the enzymes with noninactivating antisera. Isozymes having no detectable ADH activity (CRM+ nulls) were activated by immunoprecipitation with noninactivating antisera when preincubated with NAD+ or NADP. All of the CRM+ nulls were shown to be unable to bind NAD+, a flaw which can account for their lack of activity. The results indicate that a conformational equilibrium between active and inactive forms of maize ADH in solution controls the specific activity of the various isozymes. Both NAD+ and antibodies raised against high specific activity enzymes can interact with low activity isozymes to shift the balance of the equilibrium toward the active form, thus increasing their specific activity.
Mol Gen Genet 1987 Jun
PMID:Activation of low and null activity isozymes of maize alcohol dehydrogenase by antibodies. 347 28

Crystals of a tetrameric NADP+-dependent malic enzyme from rat liver have been grown in the presence of NADP+ using the hanging-drop method of vapour diffusion with ammonium sulphate as the precipitant. Measurement of the crystal density and calculation of the values of Vm for different numbers of polypeptide chains in the unit cell indicate that the asymmetric unit of the crystal contains a complete tetramer, allowing the application of non-crystallographic symmetry to the determination of the molecular structure of this enzyme. This structure would provide only the second example for an enzyme involved in oxidative decarboxylation, the other being 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. In addition, then, to providing an insight into the structure-function relationship in malic enzyme, the successful structure determination would permit valuable comparisons to be made between these two and other enzymes with this catalytic activity.
J Mol Biol 1987 Jan 05
PMID:Crystallization of an NADP+-dependent malic enzyme from rat liver. 358 23

The changes in the activity of the pentose phosphate cycle and the malic enzyme produced by the activation or inhibition of different NADPH-consuming pathways have been studied. The inhibition of the fatty acid synthesis by kynurenate produced a decrease in the flux through the pentose phosphate cycle and a diminution in the malic enzyme pathway. The incubation of the adipocytes in the presence of ter-butyl-hydroperoxide, a compound which is metabolized via a NADPH-consuming pathway, produced a big increase in the pentose phosphate cycle and the malic enzyme activities. The regulation of these NADPH-producing pathways by the NADPH/NADP ratio is discussed.
Mol Cell Biochem 1987 Mar
PMID:The NADPH consumption regulates the NADPH-producing pathways (pentose phosphate cycle and malic enzyme) in rat adipocytes. 358 32

Rates of NADPH generation by the pentose phosphate pathway were evaluated in perfused livers from ethanol-fed or control rats by measuring the production of 14CO2 from 1-14C-glucose. Under basal perfusion conditions, livers from ethanol-fed rats released lactate and pyruvate into the perfusate at rates that were only 19% of the control values. Under these conditions, calculated rates of NADPH generation by the pentose cycle in livers of the ethanol-fed rats were only 50% of rates obtained with livers of control rats. 7-Ethoxycoumarin (7-EC), a substrate for mixed function oxidation, was infused to increase rates of hepatic NADPH utilization. In livers from control rats, 7-EC was oxidized at a rate of 2.6 mumol/g/hr, but rates of NADPH generation by the pentose cycle were increased by 8.8 mumol/g/hr. In livers from ethanol-fed rats, 7-EC was metabolized at rates of 7.2 mumol/g/hr, but the generation of NADPH by the pentose cycle was increased by only 3.9 mumol/g/hr. The infusion of 7-EC was associated with increases in rates of O2 uptake that exceeded rates of mixed function oxidation in both groups of animals. Ethanol feeding decreased the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by 40% and decreased the concentrations of glycogen by 66%. Thus, the decrease in pentose cycle flux in perfused livers may be due to diminished activity of the rate-controlling enzyme and/or diminished substrate supply from glycogen. However, cytosolic NADP+/NADPH ratios were identical in livers of both groups. Because NADPH was not depleted during the mixed function oxidation of 7-EC in livers from ethanol-fed rats, it is concluded that other hepatic sources of NADPH compensate for the diminished generation by the pentose cycle.
Mol Pharmacol 1987 Jun
PMID:Diminished pentose cycle flux in perfused livers of ethanol-fed rats. 360 Jun 8

The effects of selenite on the mitochondrial NAD(P)H/NAD(P) ratio and calcium pool are described. Small quantities of selenite can 1) oxidize mitochondrial NAD(P)H and 2) induce calcium release from isolated mitochondria. Reduced NAD(P)H within intact mitochondria was monitored kinetically using the wavelength pair, 340-375 nm. NAD(P)H oxidation rates at various concentrations of selenite were calculated. Mitochondria from older animals can oxidize NAD(P)H faster than those of younger animals; maximum selenite-induced oxidation rates correlate well with age of the animal in both kidney (r = 0.920) and liver (r = 0.839) mitochondria, the oxidation rates in the adult (liver 15.4, kidney 34.8 nmol/min/mg of protein) being 3-5 times the rates in the 1- to 2-day-old newborn (liver 2.8, kidney 10.3 nmol/min/mg protein). Calcium fluxes within mitochondrial suspensions were monitored kinetically using the calcium indicator, Arsenazo III, and the wavelength pair, 660-685 nm. Susceptibility to selenite-induced calcium release is age dependent, the mitochondria of older animals being more susceptible. Incubation time required to induce calcium release was 77 +/- 30 sec in the adult compared to 406 +/- 25 sec at the age of 0-4 days in the newborn. The bimodal toxic manifestations of selenite in vivo are discussed in view of the age-dependent differences in selenite metabolism at the cellular level.
Mol Pharmacol 1987 Jun
PMID:Selenite-induced NAD(P)H oxidation and calcium release in isolated mitochondria: relationship to in vivo toxicity. 360 Jun 9

Studies were carried out on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH) during the differentiation of rabbit bone marrow erythroid cells. It was found that G6P-DH, although displaying a 7-fold activity decrease, did not change the relative amounts of its three dimeric forms. Using homogeneous enzyme preparations, we observed that from dividing to non-dividing erythroblasts the following properties remained constant: V max dependence on pH and temperature, Km for G6P dependence on pH, heat stability, 2-deoxy glucose-6-phosphate utilization, molecular weight, while the Km for NADP significantly increased in non-dividing erythroblasts. These results indicate that no shift towards the oxidized form of the enzyme and no substantial modifications of the protein take place during cell differentiation.
Mol Cell Biochem 1987 Jun
PMID:Rabbit bone marrow glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase during erythroid cell development. 362 10

A comparison of glucose catabolism by juvenile and adult liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica, showed that in the adult the cytosolic degradation of glucose via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was the most important route, whereas in the freshly excysted juvenile a large part was degraded via pyruvate kinase (PK). However, it was also shown that the adult did not exclusively use the PEPCK pathway, nor did the juvenile exclusively use the PK pathway. When the juvenile was forced to anaerobic functioning it produced propionate and acetate just like the adult, but this did not imply that it switched to the pathways of the adult: the pathway via PK remained important. Malic enzyme (NADP(H)-dependent) was demonstrated to be present in the cytosol and in the mitochondria of both juveniles and adults. These enzyme activities enable the parasite to use a mixture of malate and pyruvate in any ratio as substrate for the mitochondrial production of propionate and acetate. Pyruvate dismutation was important in the anaerobically functioning juvenile, whereas in the adult malate was the major, but not the only mitochondrial substrate. The pH profiles of PK and PEPCK showed that the pathway of PEP metabolism at the PK/PEPCK branchpoint can be regulated by the pH. However, the end products of glucose breakdown were not dependent on the pH. During its development, the liver fluke will gradually be forced to anaerobic functioning. At first, the acidic end product will favour a partitioning of PEP at the PK/PEPCK branchpoint towards malate formation. Later, a lasting predominance of the PEPCK pathway occurs as PK activity almost completely disappears.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Biochem Parasitol 1987 Jul
PMID:Differences in intermediary energy metabolism between juvenile and adult Fasciola hepatica. 362 72


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