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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The heterogeneous gene expression for four subtypes of alpha 1 (A,B,C,D)- and beta (beta 1,beta 2,beta 3,beta 4)-subunits of voltage-dependent calcium channels was demonstrated in developing and adult rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the adult rat brain the gene expression for A- and B-subtypes was predominant in the cerebellar cortex and hippocampal neuronal layers, with the A-subtype expressed most intensely in the Purkinje cells, while the expression for C- and D-subtypes was predominant in the olfactory mitral and granule cells and the dentate granule cells. The expression of beta 1-mRNA was prominent in the olfactory mitral cells and dentate granule cells whereas that of beta 2-mRNA was evident in the hippocampal neuronal layers and cerebellar Purkinje cells. The expression of beta 3-mRNA was prominent in the olfactory mitral and internal granule cells and medial habenula, whereas that of beta 4-mRNA in the olfactory mitral cells and cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells. Comparison between the expression patterns for individual alpha- and beta-subunits suggests that the beta 4-subunit contributes to P-type channel, whereas the beta 1- and beta 3-subunits contribute respectively to D- and C-subtypes of L-type channels, although dissociation in the expression patterns were also noted in several brain regions. In addition to neuronal populations, the gene expression for the C-subtype of L-type channel was detected at substantial level in glial cells. In developing brains, the genes for the all subtypes of alpha 1- and beta-subunits were expressed in the mantle zones, but not the ventricular zones, of the entire neuraxis and the expression was more or less attenuated during early postnatal periods in most of the brain regions except for the olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebellar cortex, suggesting that the Ca(2+)-channels are intimately involved in the neuronal differentiation.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995 May
PMID:Localization of mRNAs of voltage-dependent Ca(2+)-channels: four subtypes of alpha 1- and beta-subunits in developing and mature rat brain. 760 30

The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, COUP-TF I, and the protein ARP-1 (COUP-TF II) are two highly homologous orphan receptors of the nuclear hormone receptor family. In this study we investigated their expression patterns in the adult nervous system of the mouse. In situ hybridizations were performed on brain sections with 35S-labeled cRNA probes derived from the 3'-non-coding regions of the mARP-1 and mCOUP-TF I mRNAs. Both COUP-TF I and ARP-1 were shown to be expressed in the adult brain and they displayed restricted and distinct expression patterns. COUP-TF I transcripts were predominantly found in the rostral and caudal parts of the adult mouse brain, whereas ARP-1 transcripts prevaled in the middle part of the brain. High expression of COUP-TF I was detected in the olfactory nucleus, in neocortex layers I/II and V/VL, in the dentate gyrus and in areas CA1/CA3/CA4 of the hippocampus, and in the granular layer of the cerebellum. Only low amounts of COUP-TF I mRNA were detected in the ventral, the laterodorsal and in the interanteromedial thalamic nuclei. Small amounts of COUP-TF I transcripts were also found in the epithelial layer of the ventricle and in arachnoid membranes. High expression of ARP-I was detected in the reticular, the ventral lateral and the gelatinosus thalamic nuclei. Other hot spots of ARP-1 mRNA expression were the amygdaloid nucleus and the arachnoid membranes. Lower amounts of ARP-1 transcripts were found in the anterior and lateral hypothalamic areas, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, and in the choroid plexus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995 May
PMID:Localization of transcripts of the related nuclear orphan receptors COUP-TF I and ARP-1 in the adult mouse brain. 760 34

Subtypes of the angiotensin II (Ang II) type-1 (AT1) receptor are probably involved in distinct actions of the peptide, since their distribution in peripheral organs and regulation of their gene expression are different. We investigated the distribution of AT1A and AT1B receptor subtype mRNAs in the rat forebrain and pituitary using sensitive cRNA probes for in situ hybridization. High level of AT1A receptor mRNA expression is observed in the subfornical organ (SFO) and in the anterior hypothalamus, particularly the periventricular tissue surrounding the anterior portion of the 3rd ventricle (AV3V), which contains the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), the median preoptic nucleus and the preoptic periventricular nucleus as well as in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus and in the parvocellular part of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Moderate to strong AT1A labeling was found in the anterior olfactory nucleus, the piriform cortex and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract. Very low AT1B receptor mRNA expression was found in the SFO and the PVN. In contrast, strong AT1B receptor mRNA expression coincided with low AT1A receptor mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary. Labeling was cytoplasmic at the light microscopic level. We thus suggest that the AT1A receptor is responsible for the central actions of Ang II in the rat forebrain whereas direct actions of Ang II on the anterior pituitary are mediated by the AT1B receptor subtype.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995 May
PMID:The angiotensin receptor subtype AT1A predominates in rat forebrain areas involved in blood pressure, body fluid homeostasis and neuroendocrine control. 760 44

This paper reviews the characteristics of pheromone and odorant-binding proteins (OBP) in insects, with particular reference to Lepidoptera. They are small (15 kDa) soluble proteins, very concentrated in the lymph of chemosensory sensilla and belonging to two major classes, pheromone-binding proteins (PBP) and general odorant-binding proteins. They represent the insect equivalent of vertebrate OBP. The main unsolved question with OBP of insects and vertebrates regards their physiological role in olfactory transduction. The recent discovery of several types of OBP in the same animal species suggests that these proteins may be involved in the discrimination of odours.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1995 Jul
PMID:Odorant-binding proteins in insects. 761 72

3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the brain is responsible for production of neuroactive tetrahydrosteroids that interact with the major inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor complexes. Distribution of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in different regions of the brain in rats was evaluated by activity assay and by Western immunoblotting using a monoclonal antibody against liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase as the probe. The olfactory bulb was found to contain the highest level of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, while moderate levels of the enzyme activity were found in other regions such as cerebellum, cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and pituitary. Some activity was found in the rest of the brain such as amygdala, brain stem, caudate putamen, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and thalamus. The protein levels of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in different regions of the brain as detected by Western immunoblotting are comparable to those of the enzyme activity. We used the rat cDNA as the probe to screen a human liver lambda gt11 cDNA library. A total of four different cDNAs were identified and sequenced. One of the cDNAs is identical to that of the human chlordecone reductase cDNA except that our clone contains a much longer 5'-coding sequence than previously reported. The other three cDNAs display high degrees of sequence homology to those of both rat 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and human chlordecone reductase. We are currently investigating the functional relationship between the enzymes encoded by these human cDNAs and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995 Jun
PMID:Distribution of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat brain and molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding structurally related proteins in humans. 762 89

Estrogen exerts a profound effect on mood and mental function in man. Based on our finding that estradiol selectively stimulates the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) (5-HT2A) receptor mRNA in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the female rat, we investigated the effects of estradiol on the density of 5-HT2A receptors in brain. The distribution and density of 5-HT2A receptors were determined by in vitro binding of [3H]ketanserin in the presence of prazosin to exclude binding to alpha 1-adrenoreceptors. Brains were collected, processed and analysed in pairs from six estradiol- and six vehicle-treated animals. Our results show that a single pulse of estradiol induces a significant increase in the density of 5-HT2A receptors in female rat forebrain, particularly the anterior frontal, anterior cingulate and primary olfactory cortex and the nucleus accumbens. Since these brain regions play a pivotal role in cognition and emotion, as well as neuroendocrine and motor control, our findings provide the first experimental evidence for the fact that estrogen could alter mood and mental state by increasing the density of 5-HT2A receptors in cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995 Jul
PMID:Estrogen increases the density of 5-hydroxytryptamine(2A) receptors in cerebral cortex and nucleus accumbens in the female rat. 763 10

We examined the localization of fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF-9) mRNA in the rat brain by in situ hybridization. FGF-9 mRNA was moderately or weakly expressed in widespread regions including the olfactory bulb, caudate putamen, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, midbrain, brainstem and cerebellum. However, FGF-9 mRNA was also strongly expressed in several specific nuclei including the red nucleus and oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain, the vestibular nucleus and facial nucleus in the brainstem and the medial cerebellar nucleus, interposed cerebellar nucleus and lateral cerebellar nucleus in the cerebellum. The cellular localization of FGF-9 mRNA indicated that the mRNA in the rat brain was expressed preferentially in neurons, although FGF-9 was originally isolated from human glioma cells. The localization profile of FGF-9 mRNA is different from those of aFGF, bFGF and FGF-5 mRNAs reported previously. The present findings indicate that FGF-9 has a unique role in the brain.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995 Jun
PMID:Localization of fibroblast growth factor-9 mRNA in the rat brain. 763 74

In rat brain, the presence of pregnenolone and progesterone, not attributable to peripheral glandular sources, has been demonstrated and thus the two compounds can be classified as neurosteroids. In vitro experiments have shown the conversion of pregnenolone, a 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-ene steroid, into progesterone, a delta 4-oxo steroid, thus demonstrating a 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD) enzymatic activity. The conversion of 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-derivatives into the corresponding delta 4-oxo steroids by 3 beta-HSD is an essential step in the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones in endocrine glands. To date, four isoforms of 3 beta-HSD have been characterized in the rat. We report here the selective expression of a 3 beta-HSD isoform in rat brain. An in situ hybridization study, using an oligonucleotide common to the 4 known isoforms, demonstrated 3 beta-HSD mRNA in neurons of the olfactory bulb, striatum, cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, septum, habenula, hippocampus and cerebellum. The cerebellum showed the highest level of 3 beta-HSD mRNA corresponding to a transcript of 1.8 kb. Nucleotide sequencing of PCR-amplified cDNA fragments from cerebellar mRNA indicated the expression of an isoform of 3 beta-HSD cDNA very closely related to the isoform I expressed in the adrenals and gonads. Further evidence for the expression of 3 beta-HSD gene in the brain was demonstrated utilizing anti-peptide 3 beta-HSD antibodies which revealed an immunoreactive protein of approximately 45 kDa in the cerebellum. Our results demonstrate for the first time the expression of the enzyme 3 beta-HSD in the brain, at both the mRNA and protein levels. Since several neuroactive neurosteroids are substrates or products of the 3 beta-HSD enzymatic activity, our findings offer new possibilities to study the regulatory mechanisms governing their biosynthesis in the brain.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995 Jun
PMID:A key enzyme in the biosynthesis of neurosteroids, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase (3 beta-HSD), is expressed in rat brain. 763 79

When cDNA containing proteins enriched in the bovine cerebellar cortex were cloned, a clone which seemed to encode a selenoprotein P-like protein was isolated. The coding nucleotide sequence of its cDNA insert displayed high homology to rat and human selenoprotein P cDNA but contained 12 rather than 10 TGAs (12 rather than 10 selenocysteines in deduced amino acids), a tandem repeat of one CACTCC (His-Ser) and seven CATCCCs (His-Pro), and a 3' untranslated region approximately 890 bases shorter than that of rat liver selenoprotein P. RT-PCR using a set of primers flanking to the repeat displayed the existence of mRNA without the repeat. The tandem repeat and its adjacent region consisted of a similar motif of CAC/TCC/AC/T. Thus, these proteins included a (His-Pro) rich domain with a slightly negative free energy change irrespective of having the tandem repeat or not. Such His-Pro repeats reportedly exist in the segmentation gene paired or homeobox protein Om(1D) of Drosophila. Moreover, both this selenoprotein P-like protein mRNA and selenoprotein P mRNA were expressed in all the areas of the brain but most prominently in the cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. These findings suggest the possibility that these selenoproteins are major selenium carriers in the brain and play a role in the morphological response of nerve or glial cells.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1995 Jun
PMID:Molecular cloning of cDNA encoding a bovine selenoprotein P-like protein containing 12 selenocysteines and a (His-Pro) rich domain insertion, and its regional expression. 763 80

1. GnRH neurons migrate from olfactory placode into the developing basal forebrain in a manner which appears remarkably constant across all vertebrates studied, from fish to human beings. 2. Interruption of this migration can result in Kallmann's Syndrome. Absence of libido by individuals suffering from Kallmann's has allowed us to chart a causal route from a specific gene to a human social behavior.
Cell Mol Neurobiol 1995 Feb
PMID:Genes and behavior as studied through gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons: comparative and functional aspects. 764 4


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