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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Since estrogens have been found to exert a marked inhibitory effect on dopaminergic action at the anterior pituitary and striatal levels in the rat, the effect of estrogen treatment has been studied on the binding characteristics of the dopamine (DA) antagonist [3H]spiroperidol and of the new DA agonist [3H]N-n-propyl-N-phenylethyl-beta-(3-hydroxyphenyl)ethylamine hydrochloride ([3H]RU24213) in rat striatum, nucleus accumbens + olfactory tubercle, frontal cortex and anterior pituitary gland. Specificity of binding was carefully examined in order to investigate possible changes of the agonist and antagonist states of the DA receptor. Estrogen treatment led to a small increase (approx. 20%) of [3H]spiroperidol and [3H]RU24213 binding in rat striatum, nucleus accumbens + olfactory tubercle and frontal cortex while no significant effect was found in the anterior pituitary gland. That the increased binding is due to a corresponding increased number of binding sites and not to higher affinity is indicated by the absence of effect of estrogen treatment on the IC50 values for displacement of the two labeled ligands by a variety of unlabeled compounds. Specificity of binding of DA agonists and antagonists remained unchanged after estrogen treatment. The present data suggest that the potent desensitizing effect of estrogen on DA action at the striatal and pituitary levels is exerted at a step subsequent to binding of DA to its receptor.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1979 Nov
PMID:Effects of estrogens on the characteristics of [3H]spiroperidol and [3H]RU24213 binding in rat anterior pituitary gland and brain. 11 93

The properties of artificial lipid membranes modified by frog offactory preparation obtained by ultrasonic treatment of frog olfactory tissues were investigated. Out of the 24 odorous substances which were tested five active stimulants were identified each inducing a resistance drop of the modified membrane when added to the cell. The studies of this effect in solutions with different salt content demonstrated that the decrease in resistance resulted most probably from an increased membrane permeability to Na+ ions. The dyes did not affect the resistance of modified membranes. Mercury bichloride at the concentration of 5 . 10(-4) M was shown to block the responce of the membrane when added to the cell prior to stimulants. At the same time mercury biochloride did not practically affect the membrane resistance after its response to the odorants. The possible ways of increasing the sensitivity of modified membranes to odorants are discussed.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Molecular basis of olfactory reception. I. Artificial lipid membrane sensitive to odorous substances]. 105 70

The fractionation of frog olfactory preparation by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration permitted to obtain fractions capable of making artificial lipid membranes sensitive to odorants, such as camphora, musc ambrette and linalool. The sensitizing agent present in active fractions is a high-molecular-weight (m.w. 100,000) protein containing substance. It is suggested that this agent is a component of a special transport system which may carry the odorous molecules to olfactory receptor cells or to remove them from olfactory tissues.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Chromatographic fractionation of scraping components of frog olfactory tissues. Preparation of fractions capable of sensitizing artificial lipid membrane to odorants]. 108

A G-protein alpha subunit was cloned from a lobster olfactory organ cDNA library and sequenced. The clone encodes an alpha i subunit based on the 80% identity its predicted amino acid sequence shares with mammalian alpha i subunits. On Northern blots of polyadenylated RNA, the clone hybridized to a 5 kb species from several tissues.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Jul
PMID:Molecular cloning of a G-protein alpha i subunit from the lobster olfactory organ. 127 45

Mammalian olfactory mucosa has a high concentration of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450). The major olfactory P450 isoforms in adult rabbits include P450 NMa, which is found in both olfactory and respiratory mucosa, as well as in liver at a low level, P450 NMb (2G1), which is olfactory specific, and P450 form 4 (1A2), which is found only in liver and olfactory mucosa. In the present study, we have found that the developmental expression of olfactory P450 in rabbits is not coordinated with the ontogenesis of hepatic P450. These three P450 isoforms were detected immunochemically and found to be at a relatively high level in olfactory but not hepatic microsomes in the first 2 weeks after birth. In the liver, NMb is not detectable at any age and NMa is not detectable until the fourth week. P450 1A2 is not detectable until the third week, but its level increases rapidly in the fourth week. These P450 isoforms are also detectable in prenatal olfactory tissue at 2 days before birth, indicating that direct exposure to air is not a prerequisite for their early expression in this tissue and that the early appearance of these enzymes may be controlled by both endogenous and environmental factors. In addition, the developmental expression of 2E1, a minor olfactory P450 isoform, also occurs earlier in olfactory mucosa than in liver, and the same conclusion can be made about the expression of NADPH-P450 reductase, which is detectable in olfactory microsomes but not in hepatic microsomes from prenatal rabbits. Thus, the regulatory mechanisms that control basal prenatal expression in the olfactory tissue may be common for multiple P450 isoforms and perhaps also for other biotransformation enzymes. The tissue-specific early onset of expression of multiple forms of P450 in olfactory tissue suggests that these enzymes may play an important role in the neonatal period, when olfactory ability is vital for the survival of the newborn. The presence of relatively high levels of biotransformation enzymes in the olfactory mucosa may also have important implications for neonatal inhalation toxicology.
Mol Pharmacol 1992 Dec
PMID:Cytochromes P450 NMa, NMb (2G1), and LM4 (1A2) are differentially expressed during development in rabbit olfactory mucosa and liver. 128 62

D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) and DARPP-32 (a dopamine and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate regulated phosphoprotein), gene expression was studied in the rat striatum in adults and during ontogeny by in situ hybridization. D1R mRNA was first detected in the striatal primordium at day 17 of gestation. At day 18, D1R mRNA was found throughout the striatum. Before birth, the striatal neurons had neuroblastic aspect and were close together, giving homogeneous and compact labelling. After birth, the topography and aspect of the neurons containing D1R mRNA and DARPP-32 mRNA were similar. The two mRNAs were detectable in the caudate-putamen, accumbens nucleus and olfactory tubercle. The microautoradiographic analysis demonstrated that D1R and DARPP-32 genes are massively expressed by the medium-sized striatal neurons. The proportion of medium-sized neurons containing the DARPP-32 mRNA was however higher than that of the neurons containing the D1R mRNA. Furthermore, an unexpected proportion of large-sized neurons express these genes. This proportion varies with development. Comparison between the appearance, topography and frequency of choline-acetyltransferase immunoreactive neurons and large-sized neurons containing D1R or DARPP-32 mRNA suggest that these large-sized neurons containing D1R and DARPP-32 mRNAs are cholinergic ones.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Jan
PMID:Ontogeny of D1 and DARPP-32 gene expression in the rat striatum: an in situ hybridization study. 133 66

We have studied the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mRNA by Northern blot analysis with a specific cDNA probe (the pmGR1 probe). In 1-day-old rats, the steady state levels of mRNA were higher in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulb, with intermediate levels in the cerebellum and low levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex, the expression of mGluR mRNA remained constant at 8 and 30 days of postnatal life. In contrast, in the cerebellum and hippocampus, mRNA levels increased progressively with age. There was no correlation between levels of mGluR mRNA and stimulation of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis by 1-aminocyclopentane-1S,3R-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD), which was much greater in brain slices from 8-day-old rats and was nearly absent in the adult cerebellum and olfactory bulb, where we have found the highest levels of mRNA. In addition, mGluR mRNA was detectable in cultured cerebellar granule cells but not in cultured neurons from cerebral hemispheres or in cultured astrocytes, which responded to trans-ACPD with an increased formation of [3H]inositol monophosphate. The discrepancies between levels of mGluR mRNA detected with the pmGR1 probe and trans-ACPD-stimulated polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis suggest either that different subtypes of mGluRs exist or that mRNA levels are not critical for the dynamic changes in the activity of mGluRs during development.
Mol Pharmacol 1992 Apr
PMID:Development profile of metabotropic glutamate receptor mRNA in rat brain. 131 43

The expression of mRNAs encoding the alpha 3 and alpha 4 subunits of the gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor in the rat brain was investigated by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Both subunits showed a wide but uneven distribution, which did not coincide with the distribution of any other subunit so far reported. The cerebral cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral septum, subiculum, lateral and medial nuclei of the amygdaloid complex, anterior nuclei of the thalamus, pars compacta of the substantia nigra, trigeminal sensory nuclei, and cochlear nucleus were some of the areas where strong expression of mRNA for both the alpha 3 and alpha 4 subunits was detected. In the mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb, the preoptic area and locus coeruleus, strong expression of only the alpha 3 subunit was detected. In the granular cell layer of the olfactory bulb, caudate-putamen, tenia tecta, pyramidal cell layer of the CA region and granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampal formation, dorsomedial and ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus, dorsal part of the lateral geniculate body, preolivary nuclei and pontine nuclei, only the alpha 4 subunit showed strong expression. The diverse distribution of these two subunits is considered to indicate that each has a different role in the central nervous system.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Feb
PMID:Region-specific expression of GABAA receptor alpha 3 and alpha 4 subunits mRNAs in the rat brain. 131 4

In this study in situ hybridization histochemistry was used to determine the regional and cellular localization of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA in the sheep brain and pituitary. Coronal brain sections were hybridized with an 35S-labelled synthetic 45-mer deoxyribonucleotide probe complementary to a portion of the bovine PPE gene. The specificity of the probe was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. The highest density of labelled cell bodies was found in the nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen, olfactory tubercle, the central nucleus of the amygdala, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, the suprachiasmatic nucleus and in the gigantocellular division of the medullary reticular formation. Labelled cells were also found in the olfactory bulb, prefrontal cortex, piriform cortex and cerebral cortex and in the vicinity of the locus coeruleus, parabrachial nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract. In the pituitary a dense PPE mRNA signal was observed in the intermediate lobe; cells in the anterior or neural lobe did not express PPE mRNA. The widespread distribution of cells containing PPE mRNA transcripts within the ovine brain agrees with a similar distribution in the rat. The data suggest that PPE neurons may be involved in diverse physiological functions including the processing of sensory and nociceptive information and in the regulation of endocrine and motor responses.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Feb
PMID:Distribution and cellular localization of preproenkephalin mRNA in the ovine brain and pituitary. 131 8

We have taken advantage of the sequence conservation in the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily to isolate a fragment of a novel G protein-coupled receptor sequence using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of human genomic DNA. Screening of human genomic and hippocampal cDNA libraries with this amplified receptor fragment revealed a number of related sequences. Sequence analysis of four genomic clones and one cDNA clone clearly identifies these as related members of the G protein-coupled receptor family, as the deduced amino acid sequence reveals putative transmembrane domains and conserved amino acid residues. Southern blot analysis of restriction digests of human genomic DNA indicates that these receptor subtypes are likely to belong to a family of related genes. One of the proposed receptor sequences indicates the presence of pseudogenes in this family. Based on the homology of these sequences to a family of recently described receptors expressed exclusively in rat olfactory epithelium, it is suggested that these receptors represent a family of human odorant receptors.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Mar
PMID:Novel G protein-coupled receptors: a gene family of putative human olfactory receptor sequences. 131 13


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