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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nineteen haploid yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) strains were used to assess the relative growth inhibitory potencies on fermentable vs. non-fermentable media of a collection of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals. The majority of carcinogens were distinctly more potent on the non-fermentable (glycerol) medium, where mitochrondrial function is required for growth, than on the fermentable medium, where it is not. The anti-mitochondrial selectivity indicated by these growth tests was much slighter for the non-carcinogens. Similarly most carcinogens induced the cytoplasmic petite mutation whereas the non-carcinogens did not. Five carcinogens which were tested impaired the development of cytochromes aa3 and b in glucose cultures. Six carcinogens, when tested, inhibited growth on three fermentable sugars, the utilisation of which requires mitochondrial function. Out of five carcinogens which were examined, four suppressed the surface-dependent phenomenon of fluocculence in a flocculating strain of yeast, at concentrations primarily affecting the mitochondrial system; the fifth had a similar but less pronounced effect.
Mol Gen Genet 1979 Jul 02
PMID:Toxic and mutagenic effects of carcinogens on the mitochondria of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 38 60

Starting with yeast cells lacking the constitutive alcohol dehydrogenase activity (ADHI), mutants with partially glucose-insensitive formation of ADHII were isolated. Genetic analysis showed that four mutants (designated ADR3c) were linked to the ADHII-structural gene, ADR2, and were cis-dominant. On derepression, two of them produced elevated ADHII-levels, indicating a promotor function of the altered controlling site. The other ADR3c-mutant alleles affected the ADHII-subunit association in diploids carrying two electrophoretically distinct alleles of the structural gene ADR2. Twelve semidominant constitutive mutants could be attributed to gene ADR1 (ADR1c-alleles) previously identified by recessive mutants with blocked derepression. This suggested a positive regulatory role of the ADR1 gene product on the expression of the ADHII-structural gene. A pleiotropic mutation ccr1 (Ciriacy, 1977) was epistatic over glucose-resistant ADHII-formation caused by ADR1c-alleles. From this it was concluded that CCR1 specifies for a product co-activating the structural gene or modifying the ADR1-gene product. A further regulatory element (gene designation ADR4) not linked to the structural gene could be identified upon isolation of recessive constitutive mutants adr4 from a ccr1 ADR1c-double mutant.
Mol Gen Genet 1979 Nov
PMID:Isolation and characterization of further cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements involved in the synthesis of glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHII) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 39 42

1. Studies were performed to investigate the metabolic fate of dipeptides when administered intravenously in rats. Glycyl-leucine, glycylglycine or glycylsarcosine was injected into the jugular vein. The plasma disappearance rate after the peak plasma concentrations was most rapid for glycyl-leucine and least rapid for glycylsarcosine. 2. During urine collection for 40 min, trace amounts of glycyl-leucine and glycylglycine and 13% of the injected glycylsarcosine were excreted. 3. Neither glycylglycine nor glycyl-leucine was detected in the liver, muscle, intestinal mucosa or renal cortex, but concentrations of glycine or leucine, or both, in these tissues were increased after each injection. In contrast, glycylsarcosine was recovered in all these tissues with concentrations in the renal cortex being far greater than in any other tissue, but sarcosine was found only in the renal cortex and intestinal mucosa. 4. The changes in plasma concentrations of free amino acids, glucose and glucagon, and tissue concentrations of free amino acids, were similar after the intravenous administration of glycyl-leucine and an equimolar mixture of free glycine and leucine. However, the amount of insulin secreted during the 40 min after glycyl-leucine injection was 1-6 times that produced after the injection of the corresponding amino acid mixture. 5. Results show that, within the present experimental conditions, the intravenous administration of dipeptides is as effective as that of the corresponding free amino acids in enriching the tissue pools of amino acids. It is suggested that efficient hydrolysis by cellular enzymes prohibits accumulation of intact dipeptides in body tissues.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1977 Feb
PMID:Metabolism of intravenously administered dipeptides in rats: effects on amino acid pools, glucose concentration and insulin and glucagon secretion. 40 46

The glycogen content of cultured chick embryo breast muscle cells changes during their development and can be reduced by starvation. It is demonstrated that the rate of glucose incorporation into glycogen and the degree of interconversion of glycogen synthase are controlled by the actual glycogen content. Stimulation of both corresponding activities by insulin is found in fused and in unfused cells. The insulin response depends on the extracellular calcium concentration and can be mimicked by the ionophore A 23187. These metabolic effects as well as calcium efflux data confirm the hypothesis that insulin acts on its enzyme target via increased cytoplasmic calcium concentration. Cytochalasin B is shown to inhibit the interconversion but does not interfere with the insulin-induced increase of the mitochondrial calcium pool or with the acceleration of the calcium efflux out of 45C-preloaded myotubes.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1977 Jul
PMID:Regulation of glycogen synthase interconversion in cultured muscle cells: actions of insulin, calcium, ionophore A 23187 and cytochalasin B. 40 13

An androgen-responsive cell strain of chick-comb fibroblasts has been established in culture. Cells were obtained from combs of 1--2 day old white Leghorn cockerels and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 6 g/l glucose. The cells required serum but not androgens for growth. In the presence of androgens, growth rate and incorporation of labeled precursors into protein and RNA were markedly increased in exponentially growing cells, but not in confluent cultures. Androgens exerted these stimulatory effects in a dose-dependent fashion. It is concluded that chick-comb fibroblasts, which respond to androgens in vivo, retain this responsiveness when cultured. They furnish a well-defined system of potential value for studies of the molecular mechanisms of androgen action.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1979 Jan
PMID:Chick-comb fibroblasts. A new strain of cultured cells sensitive to androgens. 44 76

The changes in the concentration profile of free carbohydrates (glucose, sorbitol, fructose and myo-inositol) in rat lens and retina were studied in the first 5 days following induction of diabetes with streptozotocin. In both tissues, the total concentration of free carbohydrate increased markedly in this period. In the lens, the major component was sorbitol, whereas in the retina the major component was glucose. Myoinositol loss occurred only in the lens. The significance of these early changes in carbohydrate concentrations are discussed in relation to the development of subsequent metabolic derangements.
Mol Cell Biochem 1979 Dec 14
PMID:Initial changes in the free carbohydrate profile of rat lens and retina following streptozotocin-induced diabetes. 53 Feb 67

In the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum polysioprenylphosphomannosides are substrates for membrane bound mannosyltransferases; the isolated and purified isoprenyl derivatives transfer mannose to protein in vitro in presence of membrane fractions. The biosynthesis of the mannolipids as well as the biosynthesis of a glucose containing cerebroside, which becomes synthesized in an early stage of the cell development proceeds under control of the cell differentiation. The isolation procedure and the properties of the glycolipids are described, and their functions for the cellular development are discussed.
Mol Cell Biochem 1978 Jun 15
PMID:The biosynthesis of glycolipids during the differentiation of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. 56 48

1. The metabolic effects of p-aminophenol have been compared with those of paracetamol and other analgesics in studies of rat liver and kidney in vitro. 2. p-Aminophenol injected into rats inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate in renal cortical tubules, but not in isolated hepatocytes, and reduced kidney ATP content without affecting the ATP content of liver. Perfused kidneys from rats previously injected with p-aminophenol showed a 50% reduction of ATP content, severe inhibition of Na+ reabsorption and reduction of inulin clearance without significant inhibition of gluconeogenesis from lactate. 3. Paracetamol, p-phenetidine, phenazone and aspirin, when given intravenously to rats, had no effect on renal tubular glucose synthesis from lactate or pyruvate. Paracetamol and aspirin both slightly inhibited renal glucose synthesis from several different substrates when added directly to tubules. 4. Paracetamol (4 mmol/l) inhibited glucose synthesis from lactate and other substrates by 50% or more in isolated hepatocytes. Glucose synthesis from lactate was inhibited 30% by concentrations of paracetamol as low as 0.5 mmol/l. 5. These results indicate that p-aminophenol is a potent inhibitor of proximal tubular function, with its main site of action the inhibition of ATP synthesis and energy production, and they confirm the primary hepatotoxic effect of paracetamol.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1977 Nov
PMID:Effects of analgesics and related compounds on renal metabolism in rats. 58 32

1. Glucose-infusion tests were performed on patients admitted for elective upper abdominal surgery 1 day before and 1 day after operation. In addition to insulin and proinsulin, a third immunoreactive insulin species of mol. wt. 20 000--30 000 was detected in plasma from two patients. The heterogeneity of plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and the need to consider the effects of all forms, including proinsulin and the high-molecular-weight species, is emphasized. 2. During preoperative glucose infusions there was an increase in the percentage of the total plasma IRI present as high-molecular-weight forms (i.e. proinsulin plus the species of mol. wt. 20 000--30 000) from 3.9% to 10.8%. On the first postoperative morning all patients showed an increase in the amounts of the heavier IRI types, which accounted for 13.9% of the total plasma IRI. 3. The changes in insulin and proinsulin are consistent with the release from the pancreas of an insulin/proinsulin mixture of constant proportions, and the longer circulating half-life of proinsulin. 4. Increases in the amounts of high-molecular-weight IRI species after surgery may have a partial role in the development of insulin resistance but are probably not a major determinant of the insulin-resistant state.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1977 Dec
PMID:Changes in the proportions of plasma insulin, proinsulin and a higher-molecular-weight insulin during pre- and post-operative glucose-infusion tests. 58 39

Spontaneous chloramphenicol (capr)- and erythromycin (eryr)-resistant mutants were isolated from strain ade7-50 h- and the antimycin-resistant mutant anar-8 ade 7-50 h- of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sch. p.). By mitotic segregation analysis all 154 capr- and 120 eryr-mutants derived from ade 7-50 h- proved to be recessive chromosomal, whereas all 108 capr- and 200 eryr-mutants originating from anar-8 were extrachromosomally inherited. The rate of spontaneous capr- and eryr-mutants was about hundredfold in anar-8 compared to ade 7-50 h-. Growth of capr- and eryr-mutants was not inhibited by chloramphenicol or erythromycin, respectively, in glucose-medium and only slightly in glycerol-medium at concentrations which completely inhibited anar-8. By mitotic segregation-, tetrad-, and mitotic haploidization-analysis the extrachromosomal inheritance of mutants derived from anar-8 was established. Segregational patterns of capr- and eryr-determinants during mitosis, meiosis, and mitotic haploidization of diploids are discussed.
Mol Gen Genet 1977 Oct 24
PMID:Extrachromosomal inheritance in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. IV. Isolation and genetic characterization of mutants resistant to chloramphenicol and erythromycin using the mutator properties of mutant anar-8. 60 Feb 63


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