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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
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The transcription factors VP1 (Viviparous-1), EmBP-1 (Em-binding protein 1) and OSBZ8, originally cloned and analysed in various monocot species, have been implicated in the regulation of the Lea (late embryogenesis-abundant) group 1 genes. We have investigated the modulation of the levels of these mRNAs in barley during embryogenesis, and in developing embryos subjected to various kinds of osmotic stress. The accumulation of mRNA for VP1 and EmBP-1 transcription factors, using cDNAs cloned from barley, starts at 10 and 15 days after anthesis, respectively, whereas Lea B19 mRNA levels are very low or undetectable until 25 days after anthesis during normal development. The EmBP-1 mRNA is predominantly induced in mannitol-stressed immature embryos. Vp1 mRNA was not significantly modulated by ABA, salt or mannitol. Inhibition of ABA biosynthesis by norflurazon showed that the induction of both Vp1 and EmBP-1 mRNAs was ABA-independent. In embryo-derived suspension-cultured cells, neither of the two transcripts would be induced by ABA or osmotic stress, although both OSBZ8 and one member of the Lea B19 family was up-regulated by ABA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays using a Lea B19.1 probe with an ABRE (abscisic acid-responsive element) similar to that which binds EmBP-1 and OSBZ8 in the wheat and rice Em promoters show that the binding activity is increased by ABA and osmotic stress. Taken together, these data show that both VP1 and EmBP-1 are involved in embryo-specific signal transduction pathways, that they are differentially regulated at the mRNA level, and that EmBP-1 can be induced by osmotic stress independently of any increase in endogenous ABA. The difference in mRNA regulation patterns of OSBZ8 and EmBP-1 may suggest that they are involved in different signal transduction pathways in connection with osmotic stress/ABA regulation of Lea genes.
Plant Mol Biol 1997 Nov
PMID:Developmental, stress and ABA modulation of mRNA levels for bZip transcription factors and Vp1 in barley embryos and embryo-derived suspension cultures. 934 78

A cDNA clone (lp3) from loblolly pine induced by water deficit stress (WDS) has been isolated. It is preferentially induced in roots with a constitutive basal level of expression also observed in stems and needles. Northern blot analysis with well irrigated ABA-treated seedlings indicated that the overall accumulation of lp3 transcripts in the roots was lower than that of water deficit-stressed seedlings. However, within roots, lp3 was induced by ABA indicating that the expression of lp3 in roots under WDS conditions was partly mediated by ABA. The lp3 clone is similar to a group of genes called asr (ABA stress and ripening) genes identified in several species. A genomic clone (lp3-1) was identified and its putative protein has the hydrophylicity profile similar to that of lp3 except for two deletions in the 5' region. The genomic Southern and RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) analyses indicate that the lp3 gene belongs to a small multigene family of at least four members with a distinct pattern of expression during WDS.
Plant Mol Biol 1997 Dec
PMID:Expression analysis of a gene family in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) induced by water deficit stress. 942

We report the isolation by differential display of a novel tomato ethylene-responsive cDNA, designated ER5. RT-PCR analysis of ER5 expression revealed an early (15 min) and transient induction by ethylene in tomato fruit, leaves and roots. ER5 mRNA accumulated during 2 h of ethylene treatment and thereafter underwent a dramatic decline leading to undetectable expression after 5 h of treatment. The full-length cDNA clone of 748 bp was obtained and DNA sequence analysis showed strong homologies to members of the atypical hydrophobic group of the LEA protein family. The predicted amino acid sequence shows 67%, 64%, 64%, and 61% sequence identity with the tomato Lemmi9, soybean D95-4, cotton Lea14-A, and resurrection plant pcC27-45 gene products, respectively. As with the other members of this group, ER5 encodes a predominantly hydrophobic protein. Prolonged drought stress stimulates ER5 expression in leaves and roots, while ABA induction of this ethylene-responsive clone is confined to the leaves. The use of 1-MCP, an inhibitor of ethylene action, indicates that the drought induction of ER5 is ethylene-mediated in tomato roots. Finally, wounding stimulates ER5 mRNA accumulation in leaves and roots. Among the Lea gene family this novel clone is the first to display an ethylene-regulated expression.
Plant Mol Biol 1997 Dec
PMID:ER5, a tomato cDNA encoding an ethylene-responsive LEA-like protein: characterization and expression in response to drought, ABA and wounding. 942 4

A cDNA clone was selected from a cDNA library constructed using mRNA from ABA-treated Fagus sylvatica L dormant seeds as a template. The clone is highly expressed in the presence of ABA and tends to disappear in stratified seeds. A search of sequence databases showed that the clone encodes a small GTP-binding protein. By means of in situ hybridization, the mRNA has been located in the apical meristem of the embryonic axis and in the central vascular cylinder. Its possible involvement in growth regulation in the embryonic axis of F. sylvatica is discussed.
Plant Mol Biol 1998 Feb
PMID:Transcripts of a gene, encoding a small GTP-binding protein from Fagus sylvatica, are induced by ABA and accumulated in the embryonic axis of dormant seeds. 948 89

Although ischemic preconditioning (IP) in several species can be pharmacologically mimicked by selective adenosine A1 or A3 receptor agonists, it is currently unclear which receptor subtype (A1 and/or A3) is physiologically involved in mediating IP. To investigate this question, we determined (a) the affinity of adenosine for rabbit adenosine A1 and A3 receptors, and (b) the effects of selective rabbit A1 receptor blockade on IP and adenosine-mediated cardioprotection in a rabbit Langendorff model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Adenosine was 19-fold selective for inhibition of N6-(4-amino-3-[125I]iodobenzyl)adenosine (125I-ABA) binding to recombinant rabbit A1 v rabbit A3 receptors (A1 Ki: 28 nm; A3 Ki 532 nm). Buffer-perfused rabbit hearts were exposed to 30 min regional ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion, and infarct size was measured by tetrazolium staining and normalized for area-at-risk (IA/AAR). Ischemic preconditioning (5 min global ischemia and 10 min reperfusion) or adenosine (20 micro M, 5 min) perfusion reduced infarct size (IA/AAR) to 17+/-3 and 14+/-2%, respectively (controls: 59+/-2%). Ischemic preconditioning and adenosine-mediated cardioprotection were completely blocked (57+/-2 and 61+/-4% IA/AAR, respectively) in the presence of a rabbit A1-selective concentration (50 nm) of the antagonist BWA1433 (rabbit A1 Ki: 3 nm; A3 Ki; 746 n m). Thus, whereas recent studies have demonstrated that selective A1 or A3 receptor agonists can both pharmacologically mimic IP, the results of the present study suggest that the adenosine-mediated component of IP in the isolated rabbit heart is preferentially mediated by adenosine A1 receptors, potentially due to adenosine's selectivity for this receptor subtype.
J Mol Cell Cardiol 1998 Mar
PMID:Relative importance of adenosine A1 and A3 receptors in mediating physiological or pharmacological protection from ischemic myocardial injury in the rabbit heart. 951 33

Tomato and potato leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) mRNAs are induced in response to mechanical wounding and the wound signal molecules, ABA and jasmonic acid. Here, we report the isolation of two LAP genes, LAP17.1A and LAP17.2, from tomato. Functional analysis in transgenic tomato and potato plants show that fusions of the corresponding 5' non-coding regions to the gusA gene are constitutively expressed in flowers and induced in leaves upon wounding or by treatment with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Comparison of the 5' non-coding regions of the two genes revealed a region from -317 to -3 relative to the ATG, which is strongly conserved in both promoters. This 0.3 kb proximal promoter fragment is sufficient to direct flower-specific and MeJA-inducible GUS activity in transgenic potato plants, and thus contains a MeJA-responsive element that mediates induction by MeJA. Dimeric TGACG motifs or G-box elements similar to those found in other MeJA-inducible genes are not observed in this region, which suggests that a different DNA sequence is involved in MeJA induction of the LAP genes.
Plant Mol Biol 1998 Mar
PMID:A -308 deletion of the tomato LAP promoters is able to direct flower-specific and MeJA-induced expression in transgenic plants. 952 96

We have isolated a gene, AtPer1, from the dicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana, which shows similarity to the 1-cysteine (1-Cys) peroxiredoxin family of antioxidants. In higher plants, members of this group of antioxidants have previously only been isolated from monocotyledons. It has been suggested that seed peroxiredoxins protect tissues from reactive oxygen species during desiccation and early imbibition and/or are involved in the maintenance of/protection during dormancy. AtPer1 expression is restricted to seeds. Despite differences in seed development between monocots and dicots, AtPer1 shows an expression pattern during seed development and germination similar to the dormancy-related transcript Per1 in barley. In situ hybridization identifies AtPer1 as the first aleurone-expressed transcript characterized in developing Arabidopsis seeds. The transcript is also expressed in the embryo. AtPer1 expression in seeds is unaltered in an ABA-deficient mutant (aba-1) during seed development, while expression in seeds of an ABA-insensitive mutant (abi3-1) is reduced. The transcript is not induced in vegetative tissue in response to stress by ABA or drought. AtPer1 transcript levels are correlated to germination frequencies of wildtype seeds, but AtPer1 transcript abundance is not sufficient for expression of dormancy in non-dormant mutants. Hypotheses on peroxiredoxin function are discussed in view of the results presented here.
Plant Mol Biol 1998 Apr
PMID:The expression of a peroxiredoxin antioxidant gene, AtPer1, in Arabidopsis thaliana is seed-specific and related to dormancy. 958 97

Four cDNA clones, named pSEN2, pSEN3, pSEN4, and pSEN5, for mRNAs induced during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana were characterized. The clones were isolated from a cDNA library of detached leaves incubated in darkness for 2 days to accelerate senescence, first by differential screening and then by examining expression of the primarily screened clones during age-dependent leaf senescence. Transcript levels detected by these cDNA clones, thus, were up-regulated in an age-dependent manner and during dark-induced leaf senescence. In contrast, when leaf senescence was induced by ethylene, ABA or methyljasmonate, the transcript level detected by the clones was differentially regulated depending on the senescence-inducing hormones. The transcript level for pSEN4 increased during senescence induced by all three hormones, while the transcript detected by the pSEN2 clone did not increase during senescence induced by ethylene. The transcript level for pSEN5 was increased upon ABA-induced senescence but decreased during ethylene-induced senescence. The pSEN3 clone detected multiple transcripts that are differentially regulated by these factors. The results show that, although the apparent senescence symptoms of Arabidopsis leaf appear similar regardless of the senescence-inducing factors, the detailed molecular state of leaf cells during senescence induced by different senescence-inducing factors is different. The pSEN3 clone encodes a polyubiquitin and the pSEN4 clone encodes a peptide related to endoxyloglucan transferase. This result is consistent with the expected roles of senescence-induced genes during leaf senescence.
Plant Mol Biol 1998 Jun
PMID:Differential expression of senescence-associated mRNAs during leaf senescence induced by different senescence-inducing factors in Arabidopsis. 961 12

Plant responses to high salt stress have been studied for several decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses still elude us. In order to understand better the molecular mechanism related to NaCl stress in plants, we initiated the cloning of a large number of NaCl-induced genes in Arabidopsis. Here, we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel Ca2+-binding protein, named AtCP1, which shares sequence similarities with calmodulins. AtCP1 exhibits, in particular, a high degree of amino acid sequence homology to the Ca2+-binding loops of the EF hands of calmodulin. However, unlike calmodulin, AtCP1 appears to have only three Ca2+-binding loops. We examined Ca2+ binding of the protein by a Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift assay. A recombinant AtCP1 protein that was expressed in Escherichia coli did show a Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift. To gain insight into the expression of the AtCP1 gene, northern blot analysis was carried out. The AtCP1 gene had a tissue-specific expression pattern: high levels of expression in flower and root tissues and nearly undetectable levels in leaves and siliques. Also, the expression of the AtCP1 gene was induced by NaCl treatment but not by ABA treatment. Finally, subcellular localization experiments using an AtCP1:smGFP fusion gene in soybean suspension culture cells and tobacco leaf protoplasts indicate that AtCP1 is most likely a cytosolic protein.
Plant Mol Biol 1998 Jul
PMID:Molecular cloning of a novel Ca2+-binding protein that is induced by NaCl stress. 967 79

As the products of abiotic stress and ABA inducible genes are predicted to play an important role in the mechanism of salt tolerance, the expression of transcription factor that recognizes abscisic acid-responsive element (ABRE) is likely to be regulated when plants are exposed to abiotic stress. Northern analysis of total RNA from control and salt-treated 10-day-old Pokkali (salt tolerant) rice plants was performed to find out the level of transcripts homologous to wheat cDNA (GC19) for EmBP-1 (bZIP class factor), a transcription factor that recognizes ABRE. Salinity stress (72 h)-induced accumulation of two transcripts, of 2.0 kb (r2.0) and 1.5 kb (r1.5), in roots was detected. Both transcripts were detectable even after 6 h of salt or abscisic acid treatment, whereas sheath and lamina showed constitutive levels of r1.5 transcript. When 32P-labeled DNA containing ABRE was used in a gel mobility shift assay, a low level of complex formation by binding factor was detected from the nuclear extract of lamina of control rice plants. Quantitative enhancement of complex formation was found with the nuclear extract prepared from the lamina of plants treated with 200 mM NaCl for 26 h over control nuclear extract, suggesting a step of regulation of expression of ABRE-binding protein in response to salinity stress. South-western blot analysis of equal amounts of nuclear proteins of lamina showed binding of 32P-labeled ABRE-DNA with two polypeptides (22-28 kDa) present at constitutive levels in control or NaCl-treated plants. Preincubation of the laminar nuclear extract of control plants, with spermidine or proline at 5 mM concentration showed quantitative enhancement of ABRE binding activity. Kinetics of spermidine stimulation showed gradual increase of complex formation from 5 mM concentration. Similarly, addition of GTP to the control nuclear extract also showed quantitative enhancement of complex formation and heparin was found to inhibit GTP activated complex formation by about 25%. Results may suggest the presence of ABRE binding protein in presynthesized and inactive form in control plants and GTP mediated activation is probably one of the way to regulate the expression of ABRE-binding factor.
Plant Mol Biol 1998 Jul
PMID:Expression of abscisic acid-responsive element-binding protein in salt-tolerant indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Pokkali). 968 67


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