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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from mink blastocysts were isolated and characterized. All the lines had a normal diploid karyotype; of the ten lines studied, five had the XX and five had the XY constitution. Testing of the pluripotency of the ES-like cells demonstrated that 1) among four lines of genotype XX, and X was late-replicating in three; both Xs were active in about one-third of cells of line MES8, and analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase revealed no dosage compensation for the X-linked gene; 2) when cultured in suspension, the majority of lines were capable of forming "simple" embryoid bodies (EB), and two only showed the capacity for forming "cystic" multilayer EBs. However, formation of ectoderm or foci of yolk sac hematopoiesis, a feature of mouse ES cells, was not observed in the "cystic" EB; 3) when cultured as a monolayer without feeder, the ES cells differentiated into either vimentin-positive fibroblast-like cells or cytokeratin-positive epithelial-like cells (less frequently); neural cells appeared in two lines; 4) when injected into athymic mice, only one of the four tested lines gave rise to tumors. These were fibrosarcomas composed of fibroblast-like cells, with an admixture of smooth muscular elements and stray islets of epithelial tissue; (5) when the ES cells of line MES1 were injected into 102 blastocyst cavities and subsequently transplanted into foster mothers, we obtained 30 offspring. Analysis of the biochemical markers and coat color did not demonstrate the presence of chimaeras among offspring. Thus the cell lines derived from mink blastocysts are true ES cells. However, their pluripotential capacities are restricted.
Mol Reprod Dev 1992 Dec
PMID:Isolation and cultivation of blastocyst-derived stem cell lines from American mink (Mustela vison). 128 24

Using TEM and immunofluorescence microscope, a study was made on podocytes in vertebrates where an intermediate-sized filament system is replaced by a microtubule system, accompanied by highly developed microfilaments structures. A comparative immunofluorescence study was carried out on cryotome renal sections of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) and rats, using specific antibodies anti-cytokeratins and anti-vimentin. With polyclonal anti-vimentin serum the capillaries of the renal glomeruli showed a bright colour of plaice and only a week one in the rats. Double staining of renal tissue of mongrel rats of different ages (6-7 weeks and 1.8 years old) with antibodies for actin and anti-vimentin polyclonal serum revealed in young rats an intensive fluorescence for actin and a slight fluorescence for the intermediate filaments. Renal glomeruli of old rats demonstrate a strong vimentin-activity and lower actin one. The ultrastructural study of human podocytes showed two different cytoskeleton age-depending types (2, 4, 6, 37 and 65 years old). It is suggested that during individual development and ageing in kidneys of higher animals and human, physiological changes induce morphological cytoskeleton restructuration accompanied by intensive development of intermediate filaments and simultaneous "involution" of microtubules and microfilaments.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1992 Dec
PMID:Cytoskeleton of podocytes in vertebrate animals and human. 128 25

Astrocytic activation plays a major role in homeostatic maintenance of the central nervous system in response to neuronal damage. To assess the reactivity of astrocytes in transient cerebral ischemia of the gerbil, we studied the levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and its mRNA. GFAP mRNA increased by 4 h after carotid artery occlusion, reached peak levels by 72 h with a 12-fold increase over control and then started declining as early as 96 h postischemia. An examination of the specific regions of the brain revealed an increase in GFAP mRNA associated with the forebrain, midbrain, hippocampus and striatum. GFAP mRNA in the non-ischemic cerebellum however, remained expressed at constitutively low levels. Immunoblot analysis with anti-GFAP antibodies demonstrated a 2- to 3-fold increase in the protein after 24 and 48 h of reperfusion. Pretreatment with pentobarbital and 1-(5'-oxohexyl)-3-methyl-7-propyl xanthine (HWA 285), the drugs that have been shown to protect against ischemic damage, prevented the increase in GFAP mRNA in the cortex following ischemic injury. Forebrain ischemia also induced vimentin mRNA and protein quantities by 12 h of reperfusion in the cortex. The levels of c-fos and preproenkephalin mRNA increased rapidly within 1 h after ischemic injury, demonstrating a temporal difference in mRNA changes following ischemia. These results indicate that an increase in GFAP and vimentin, the two glial intermediate filament proteins in the area of the ischemic lesion may be associated with a glial response to injury.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Apr
PMID:Transient ischemia stimulates glial fibrillary acid protein and vimentin gene expression in the gerbil neocortex, striatum and hippocampus. 131 93

Six independent clonal isolates from a morphologically heterogeneous human neuroblastoma cell line stably expressed several products of the human amyloid precursor protein (APP) from an introduced DNA construct; the "substrate-adherent" phenotype (fibroblast-like cells) predominated in all 6; these displayed immunoreactivity of vimentin, but little to no reactivity of neuron-specific enolase. A stably transfected isolate which did not show any expression from the identical construct (presumably because of a position effect) exhibited the predominantly neuronal phenotype of the parental cells (neuron-specific enolase positive). These results suggest selective neurotoxicity of the expressed products. Two of the 6 stably expressing cell lines showed a decrease of native mRNA for APP to levels that were 1/4-1/3 that of the parental cells and a decrease of their growth rates to half that of the parental cells; these decreased growth rates were improved by conditioned medium from the parental cell line. Western blot analysis revealed at least four distinct fragments of the COOH-terminus of APP in the isolate which expressed protein and mRNA in greatest abundance, suggesting that overexpression of APP in a human neural cell line leads to aberrant cleavage of APP.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Nov
PMID:Expression of a carboxy-terminal region of the beta-amyloid precursor protein in a heterogeneous culture of neuroblastoma cells: evidence for altered processing and selective neurotoxicity. 133 98

The immunohistological findings using antibodies to different intermediate filaments (glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and two types of cytokeratin) and epithelial membrane antigen are described in 89 gliomas, 19 meningiomas and 8 choroid plexus papillomas (CPPs) from adult patients. All the patients had total or subtotal surgical excision of their tumours with clinical follow up for between 3 and 7 years. The immunohistological results were correlated with the histological features and patient survival. Tumours other than low grade astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic ependymomas expressed one or more epithelial markers. This immunohistological evidence of epithelial differentiation in the absence of histological epithelial features in gliomas confirms that the two are not necessarily correlated. It is concluded that the expression of epithelial markers in some intradural tumours may reflect aberrant differentiation related to the degree of anaplasia in poorly differentiated astrocytomas and glioblastomas. All the patients with anaplastic epithelial marker-positive gliomas died within 1 year, whereas only 68% of patients with marker-negative tumours died within the follow-up period. In ependymomas and meningiomas, the expression of epithelial markers may reflect their histogenesis, while in malignant CPPs such expression could denote either their aberrant differentiation or histogenetic derivation.
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1992
PMID:Epithelial differentiation in gliomas, meningiomas and choroid plexus papillomas. 135 72

In order to isolate genes involved in development of the mammalian telencephalon we employed an efficient cDNA library procedure. By subtracting an adult mouse telencephalic cDNA library from an embryonic day 15 (E15) mouse telencephalic cDNA library we generated two subtracted libraries (ES1 and ES2). We estimate that ES1 contains between 200 and 600 different cDNA clones, which approximates the number of genes that are preferentially expressed in the E15 telencephalon, compared to the adult telencephalon. Northern analysis of 20 different cDNA clones shows that 14 of these are expressed at least 5-fold more in the E15 telencephalon than the adult telencephalon. Limited sequencing of the 14 differentially expressed clones reveals that 10 have no significant identity to sequences in GenBank and EMBL databases, whereas the other 4 have significant sequence identity to vimentin, histone 3.3, topoisomerase I and the B2 repeat element. In situ hybridization using one of the differentially expressed cDNAs, TES-1, demonstrates that it is transiently expressed in the anlage of the basal ganglia. In situ hybridization with another differentially expressed cDNA clone, TES-4, shows that it is specifically expressed in differentiating cells of the neural axis with a distinctive rostral-caudal temporal pattern. These findings, and the methods that we have developed, provide a framework for future investigations of the genetic control of telencephalon development.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Jan
PMID:Isolation and characterization of a library of cDNA clones that are preferentially expressed in the embryonic telencephalon. 137 74

In order to demonstrate that the nucleic acid-binding activities of vimentin are dictated by its Arg-rich N-terminal head domain, this was cut off at position Lys96 with lysine-specific endoproteinase and analysed for its capacity to associate with a variety of synthetic and naturally occurring nucleic acids. The isolated polypeptide (vim NT) showed a preference for single-stranded (ss) polynucleotides, particularly for ssDNAs of high G-content. A comparison of the sequence and predicted secondary structure of vim NT with that of two prokaryotic ssDNA-binding proteins, G5P and G32P of bacteriophages fd and T4, respectively, revealed that the nucleic acid-binding region of all three polypeptides is almost entirely in the beta-conformation and characterized by a very similar distribution of aromatic amino acid residues. A partial sequence of vim NT can be folded into the same beta-loop structure as the DNA-binding wing of G5P of bacteriophage fd and related viruses. As in the case of G5P, nitration of the Tyr residues with tetranitromethane was blocked by single-stranded nucleic acids. This and spectroscopic data indicate intercalation of the Tyr aromatic ring systems between the bases of the nucleic acids and thus the contribution of a stacking component to the binding reaction. The binding was accompanied by significant changes in the ultraviolet absorption spectra of both vim NT and single-stranded nucleic acids. Upon mixing of vim NT with nucleic acids, massive precipitation of the reactants occurred, followed by the quick rearrangement of the aggregates with the formation of specific and soluble association products. Even at very high ionic strengths, at which no electrostatic reaction should be expected, a distinct fraction of vim NT incorporated naturally occurring ssRNAs and ssDNAs into fast sedimenting complexes, suggesting co-operative interaction of the polypeptide with the nucleic acids. In electron microscopy, the complexes obtained from 28 S rRNA appeared as networks of extended nucleic acid strands densely covered with vim NT, in contrast to the compact random coils of uncomplexed RNA. The networks produced from fd DNA were heterogeneous in appearance and their nucleoprotein strands in rare cases were very similar to the rod-like structures of G5P-fd DNA complexes.
J Mol Biol 1992 Nov 05
PMID:Characterization of the nucleic acid-binding activities of the isolated amino-terminal head domain of the intermediate filament protein vimentin reveals its close relationship to the DNA-binding regions of some prokaryotic single-stranded DNA-binding proteins. 144 93

Following activation with the inflammatory mediator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), human microvascular endothelial cells (DMEC) is olated from the human dermis (DMEC) rapidly and dramatically convert from a classical epithelioid morphology to a spindle-shaped configuration. This is accompanied by changes in the organization of gap junctions and the vimentin and actin cytoskeletons. This report describes the sequential changes in the expression of four proto-oncogenes, c-fos, c-myc, c-sis and H-ras in DMEC following PMA exposure. The synthesis of c-fos mRNA was transiently induced by PMA from a basal concentration below the limit of detection to a maximum at 60 min., declining to the unstimulated level within 2 hrs. Synthesis of c-myc mRNA declined continuously and reached 37% of control levels over 16 hrs. Expression of c-sis which encodes for the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor, also declined to 34% of the control value over 16 hrs. There was no change in the synthesis of H-ras mRNA nor of beta-actin mRNA which was used as a control. The expression of c-myc in normal DMEC was compared to a human dermal microvascular cell line transformed by SV-40 (TREND). The TREND cell line maintains a permanent spindle-shaped configuration under all growth conditions and multiplies faster than DMEC. In contrast to the non-transformed cell cultures, expression of c-myc in TREND cells was induced by PMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 1992 Nov
PMID:Modification of proto-oncogene expression by phorbol esters in human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. 147 5

Evidence is presented here that demonstrates the presence of NP185 (AP3) in neuronal cells, specifically within syn-aptic terminals of the central nervous system and in the peripheral nervous system, particularly in the neuro-muscular junction of adult chicken muscle. Biochemical results obtained in our laboratories indicate that NP185 is associated with brain synaptic vesicles, with clathrin-coated vesicles, and with the synaptosomal plasma membrane. Also, NP185 binds to tubulin and clathrin light chains and the binding is regulated by phosphorylation (Su et al., 1991). Based on these properties and the data reported here, we advance the postulate that NP185 fulfills multiple functions in synaptic terminals. One function is that of a plasma membrane docking or channel protein, another of a signaling molecule for brain vesicles to reach the synaptic terminal region, and a third is that of a recycling molecule by binding to protein components on the lipid bilayer of the synaptic plasma membrane during the process of endocytosis. In support of these premises, a thorough study of NP185 using the developing chick brain, adult mouse brain, and chicken straited muscle was begun by temporally and spatially mapping the expression and localization of NP185 in evolving and mature nerve endings. To achieve these objectives, monoclonal antibodies to NP185 were used for immunocytochemistry in tissue sections of chicken and mouse cerebella. The distribution of NP185 was compared with those of other cytoskeletal and cytoplasmic proteins of axons and synapses, namely synaptophysin, vimentin, neurofilament NF68, and the intermediate filaments of glial cells (GFAP). The data indicate that expression of NP185 temporally coincides with synaptogenesis, and that the distribution of this protein is specific for synaptic terminal buttons of the CNS and the PNS.
Mol Neurobiol
PMID:Neuronal protein NP185 is developmentally regulated, initially expressed during synaptogenesis, and localized in synaptic terminals. 147 76

The assembly of soluble vimentin subunits into intermediate filaments (IFs) is dependent on information located in the amino-terminal domain. Using site-directed mutagenesis of a Xenopus laevis vimentin cDNA and an Escherichia coli production system to obtain pure mutated protein, we have identified, in the head domain, a nine amino acid motif (SSYRRIFGG), evolutionarily conserved from amphibia to man, which plays an important role in the orderly formation of IFs. Exchanges in the central di-arginine and in the two aromatic residues interfere with IF assembly of vimentin in vitro: on assembly under standard assembly conditions (160 mM-NaCl) most of the protein is included in dense aggregates, with a variable and minor proportion of IFs, whereas at lower ionic concentrations short and incomplete IF-like structures are formed. The deletion of the whole motif results in a protein that under standard assembly conditions (e.g. 160 mM-NaCl) predominantly and rapidly precipitates into large aggregates of non-IF material, whereas at lower ionic strength (e.g. 50 mM-NaCl) both IFs and dense aggregates are formed simultaneously. Our results show that the mutated protein can assume different forms at the same time and under the same conditions. This motif alone is insufficient for the formation of normal IFs as demonstrated by a mutant in which the motif has been brought closer to the alpha-helical rod domain by deletion of 55 internal amino acid residues. Corresponding observations have been made, by immunofluorescence microscopy, upon transfection of cultured epithelial cells lacking vimentin IFs. The importance of the head domain motif for the assembly and higher-order arrangement of IFs is discussed.
J Mol Biol 1992 Feb 05
PMID:Identification of a nonapeptide motif in the vimentin head domain involved in intermediate filament assembly. 154 11


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