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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The estrogen response element (ERE) directly linked to a TATA box induces CAT activity in a hormone-dependent manner in Fe 33 cells, the rat hepatoma cell line FTO-2B, stably transfected with the human estrogen receptor (ER). The same promoter construct mediates the stimulation of in vitro transcription. This stimulation is dependent on the presence of the ERE. Induction of transcription in a variety of nuclear extracts derived from mammalian cells is of the same magnitude irrespective of the presence of ER. Similarly, transcription in vitro mediated by B1 vitellogenin 5' flanking sequences in different nuclear extracts is not due to the interaction of the ER with the ERE. Competition analyses with a variety of oligonucleotides reveal that proteins different from the ER, which recognize ERE-like DNA elements, functionally interact with the ERE in vitro. These experiments suggest that ubiquitous proteins related or even identical to the transcription factor USF (MLTF) activate in vitro transcription in an ERE-dependent manner.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1990 Mar 05
PMID:Transcription factors different from the estrogen receptor stimulate in vitro transcription from promoters containing estrogen response elements. 232 26

The qualitative and quantitative contributions of four separate cis-acting DNA elements controlling the root nodule-specific soybean leghemoglobin lbc3 gene were analyzed in transgenic Lotus corniculatus plants. Expression from internal deletions in the 5' region between positions -49 and -1956 was monitored from a CAT reporter gene. The strong positive element (SPE; -1090, -947) responsible for high-level expression was demonstrated to be an organ-specific element by deleting proximal nodule-specific control elements. Deletion of the downstream qualitative organ-specific element (OSE; -139, -102) containing the putative nodulin consensus sequences 5'AAAGAT and 5'CTCTT resulted in a low expression level. Efficient SPE enhancement is therefore dependent on the organ-specific element, which by itself does not enhance expression. This quantitative effect of the immediate upstream region carrying the consensus sequences was also found in hybrid promoter studies using the soybean nodulin N23 gene promoter, suggesting the involvement of these motifs in a regulatory mechanism for nodulin genes. Deletion of the lbc3 negative element (NE, -102, -49) linking the SPE and OSE onto the TATA box did not lead to unregulated expression. These results indicate that interaction between positive, negative and neutral qualitative elements controls lbc3 expression. Binding of the nuclear protein NAT2 at the lbc3 weak positive element (WPE; -230, -170) is probably not directly required for this mechanism.
Mol Gen Genet 1990 Feb
PMID:Interdependence and nodule specificity of cis-acting regulatory elements in the soybean leghemoglobin lbc3 and N23 gene promoters. 233 38

Twigs-dry leaves smoke condensate (TDS) was investigated for its DNA damaging activity in human peripheral lymphocytes, by using a sensitive method, fluorescence analysis of DNA unwinding (FADU). An aqueous turmeric component (Aq.T) was studied as a protective agent. TDS at one to 100 folds dilution induced 55% DNA damage at 20 min, while 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) at 10 ng/ml induced only 25% damage. Aq.T at 300 ng/microliter afforded 90% protection to DNA against TDS and 65% against TPA. The mechanism of Aq.T protection was investigated by using (i) inhibitors of arachidonate cascade, viz., indomethacin (28 microM), NDGA (10 microM), DBAP (36 microM), (ii) antioxidant enzymes viz., CAT (0.2 U/microliter), SOD (0.6 U/microliter), (iii) antioxidants--BHA, curcumin (40 microM), mixed gangliosides (20 nM) and protease inhibitor TLCK (100 microM). These compounds offered the following extents of protection to DNA against TDS: indomethacin--40%, NDGA--83%, DBAP--70%, SOD--38%, CAT--40%, BHA--38%, curcumin--60%, mixed gangliosides--88%, TLCK--85%. Against TPA as clastogenic agent, the extents of protection were: indomethacin--73%, NDGA--32%, DBAP--72%, SOD--60%, CAT, BHA-negligible, curcumin--23%, mixed gangliosides--60%, TLCK--59%. These results indicate that (i) TDS and TPA induce DNA damage possibly by different mechanisms, (ii) Aq.T is a more effective protectant against TDS whereas it is on par with other inhibitors against TPA.
Mol Cell Biochem 1990 Jun 01
PMID:Fuel smoke condensate induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes and protection by turmeric (Curcuma longa). 236 50

The cardiac troponin T (cTNT) promoter contains a highly muscle specific distal promoter element capable of conferring muscle-specific transcription from a heterologous TATA box-transcription initiation site. Three sequence motifs within this distal promoter element are conserved in the promoter and regulatory regions of many sarcomeric protein genes. Mutational analysis demonstrated that homologies to two of these conserved motifs (CArG/CBAR and MEF 1) were not required for activity of cTNT promoter-marker gene constructs in transfected embryonic skeletal muscle cells. In contrast, disruption of either or both copies of the conserved M-CAT motif (5'-CATTCCT-3') inactivated the cTNT promoter in these cells. Both M-CAT motifs were protected from DNase I cleavage in solution footprint assays by an M-CAT binding factor (MCBF) present in nuclear extracts from embryonic muscle tissue. M-CAT mutations that inactivated the cTNT promoter also disrupted MCBF binding, indicating that MCBF may be a key trans-acting factor required for muscle-specific expression of the cTNT promoter. MCBF also bound to the M-CAT motif in the distal promoter region of the skeletal alpha-actin gene, suggesting that it may play a role in the regulation of this and perhaps other muscle genes that contain M-CAT motifs.
Mol Cell Biol 1990 Aug
PMID:M-CAT binding factor, a novel trans-acting factor governing muscle-specific transcription. 237 Aug 66

Using purified sigma 55 RNA polymerase from Bacillus subtilis in an in vitro transcription system, we have shown that both promoters and terminators of Gram negative origin are recognized by this enzyme. Furthermore, when B. subtilis is transformed with a shuttle vector containing certain of these promoters, synthesis of the Staphylococcus aureus CAT protein is achieved, and levels up to 25% of the total cellular protein can be obtained. These findings indicate a closer evolutionary relationship of the expression machinery of these two bacterial species than has been assumed so far. On the basis of these results, the construction of new expression vectors for B. subtilis is likely to be facilitated, since a variety of well-characterized signal elements from Escherichia coli are available.
J Mol Biol 1985 Dec 05
PMID:Efficient utilization of Escherichia coli transcriptional signals in Bacillus subtilis. 241 70

The 5'-flanking regions and the first two exons of the 68kd and 74kd albumin genes of Xenopus laevis reveal extensive sequence homology between the two in the exon part, in the 5'-flanking region up to position -400 as well as in the first intron. Sequence comparisons of the Xenopus genes with either the albumin genes of the chicken and mammals or the mammalian alpha-fetoprotein genes reveals no homology in the 5'-flanking region but some conserved features in the first exon. The analysis of the chromatin structure demonstrates a DNase I hypersensitive region in the promoter of the 68kd albumin gene specific for hepatocytes that express the albumin gene. Deletion analysis of albumin-CAT fusion genes indicates that a 69 base-pair fragment extending from -50 to +19 of the 68 kd albumin gene is sufficient for constitutive transcription in microinjected Xenopus oocytes. The addition of 5'-flanking sequences did not change the transcriptional activity. This is consistent with the sequence data that revealed no other promoter element in this region other than the TATA box. The absence of a CCAAT box distinguishes the Xenopus albumin genes from the mammalian albumin genes but is in agreement with the promoter structure of the alpha-fetoprotein genes.
J Mol Biol 1988 Jan 05
PMID:5'-flanking and 5'-proximal exon regions of the two Xenopus albumin genes. Deletion analysis of constitutive promoter function. 245 Oct 26

We located and characterized transcription terminators in the E1a and E1b genes by transferring the 3' fragments of the genes into the vector pSCAT10 [Sato et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 6 (1986) 1032-1043] at a site located immediately downstream from the cat gene (coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; CAT) and upstream from the simian virus 40 polyadenylation region. Multiple terminators were located downstream from the E1b gene, but not in the 3' region of the E1a gene. Fine analysis of these terminators by the CAT assay method and S1 nuclease mapping of in vivo transcripts indicated possible involvement of a G-rich sequence in transcription termination of the E1 region. These terminators were repeated tandemly and used by both the E1a and the E1b genes in a orientation-dependent manner.
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PMID:Multiple transcription terminators in E1a and E1b genes of adenovirus type 5. 246 6

pAFP-CAT, a recombinant plasmid containing 5'-flanking sequence from -7 kb to +7 bp of rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene can drive the expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in McA-RH7777 and McA-RH8994 rat hepatoma cell lines. Dexamethasone treatment suppresses pAFP-CAT expression in McA-RH7777 cells but increases its expression in McA-RH8994 cells, which mimics the dexamethasone responses of the endogenous AFP gene in both cell lines. However, dexamethasone treatment enhanced pMMTV-CAT expression in both cell lines. These data suggest that the effects of dexamethasone on AFP gene expression may be mediated by different trans-acting factors binding to the specific cis-elements of the 5'-flanking region of the rat AFP gene.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1989 Sep
PMID:The mechanism of the bidirectional regulation of the rat alpha-fetoprotein gene by glucocorticoid hormone. 247 82

In relation to the question which DNA form (single- or double-stranded) is transferred by Agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells, we studied the behaviour of single-stranded DNA, as compared to double-stranded DNA, when it is introduced into plant protoplasts by electroporation. To this end, we cloned a construct with a plant NPTII gene as well as a CAT gene in the M13 vectors tg130 and tg131. We found that both complementary single-stranded molecules gave rise to substantial CAT activity in plant protoplasts, suggesting that single-stranded DNA is converted into double-stranded DNA by the plant cell replication machinery. Unexpectedly, we found that single-stranded DNA leads to a 3-10-fold higher frequency of stable transformation (selection for kanamycin resistance) than double-stranded DNA. These results indicate that the use of single-stranded DNA might be considered in experiments in which optimal transformation frequencies are needed, e.g. with protoplasts from recalcitrant plant species.
Plant Mol Biol 1989 Dec
PMID:Single-stranded DNA used as an efficient new vehicle for transformation of plant protoplasts. 249 86

The zif268 gene, which encodes a protein with three typical zinc finger sequences, is induced in mouse 3T3 cells by serum, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate platelet-derived growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor. The induction is coordinate with that of c-fos. The 5'-flanking region of zif268 contains sequences that resemble known regulatory elements, including four CC(A or T)6GG sequences similar to the core serum response elements (SREs) found upstream of c-fos and actin genes. To determine whether the zif268 SRE-like elements mediate induction, CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) plasmids with different lengths of zif268 upstream sequences were tested for inducibility in 3T3 cells by serum, platelet-derived growth factor, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In addition, double-stranded oligonucleotides corresponding to each of the four zif268 putative SREs were tested individually for responsiveness when placed upstream of a thymidine kinase gene promoter. Each of the four SREs conferred inducibility by the agents tested, and multiple SREs resulted in greater inducibility than did a single element. Each of the zif268 SREs also competed with the c-fos SRE for binding by serum response factor present in HeLa cell nuclear extract. We conclude that the zif268 SRE-like sequences are functional and probably account for the coordinate induction of zif268 and c-fos.
Mol Cell Biol 1989 Nov
PMID:Functional serum response elements upstream of the growth factor-inducible gene zif268. 251 79


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