Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Soy sauce (Shoyu) is a traditional fermented seasoning of Japan and available throughout the world. Polysaccharides were obtained from dialysate of Shoyu, and these Shoyu polysaccharides (SPS) were examined for anti-allergic activity in vitro and in vivo. The SPS originated from partially-degraded polysaccharides of soybeans by mold enzymatic hydrolyses, and Shoyu contained about 1% (w/v) SPS. First, the inhibitory effects of SPS on hyaluronidase, which is known to be related to inflammation and allergic responses, were as potent as those of an anti-allergic medicine, disodium cromoglycate. Second, SPS significantly inhibited the release of histamine from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, which had been induced by the antigen. Third, orally administered SPS had a significant suppressive effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced in the ears of mice. These results suggest that SPS may have anti-allergic activities, and soy sauce is a potentially promising seasoning for the treatment of allergic diseases through food.
Int J Mol Med 2004 Nov
PMID:In vitro and in vivo anti-allergic activity of soy sauce. 1549 60

In the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) peripheral sensory axons fail to regenerate past the peripheral nervous system/central nervous system (PNS/CNS) interface. Additionally, in the spinal cord, central fibers that regenerate into Schwann cell (SC) bridges can enter but do not exit at the distal Schwann cell/astrocyte (AC) boundary. At both interfaces where limited mixing of the two cell types occurs, one can observe an up-regulation of inhibitory chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). We treated confrontation Schwann cell/astrocyte cultures with the following: (1) a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enzyme against the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-chain-initiating enzyme, xylosyltransferase-1 (XT-1), (2) a control DNA enzyme, and (3) chondroitinase ABC (Ch'ase ABC) to degrade the GAG chains. Both techniques for reducing CSPGs allowed Schwann cells to penetrate deeply into the territory of the astrocytes. After adding sensory neurons to the assay, the axons showed different growth behaviors depending upon the glial cell type that they first encountered during regeneration. Our results help to explain why regeneration fails at PNS/CNS glial boundaries.
Mol Cell Neurosci 2005 Jan
PMID:The role of proteoglycans in Schwann cell/astrocyte interactions and in regeneration failure at PNS/CNS interfaces. 1560 38

Two species of commercially important cold water fish were investigated for content of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in muscle tissue by use of in vivo 35S-sulfate labeling combined with different digestions (papain, chondroitinase ABC, keratanase and nitrous acid treatment), DEAE chromatography, SDS-PAGE and histology techniques. The species investigated in this study have different gaping properties. The non-gaping species, spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor), contained 3-4 times more 35S-sulfated anionic components than the gaping species, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The higher level of sulfation in wolffish was supported by light microscopy studies using Alcian blue staining with different concentrations of MgCl2 as critical electrolyte. Furthermore, the muscular connective tissue in the non-gaping species was dominated by chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS), whereas the gaping species was more dominated by heparan sulfate (HS). Moreover, structural differences were observed in the junctions between the myofibers, which were more pronounced in the wolffish. The histological studies revealed that the basement membrane area was rich in acidic mucopolysaccharides in both species.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005 Mar
PMID:Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of muscle tissue in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor). 1569 82

Numerous Culicoides spp. are important vectors of livestock or human disease pathogens. Transcriptome information from midguts and salivary glands of adult female Culicoides sonorensis provides new insight into vector biology. Of 1719 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from adult serum-fed female midguts harvested within 5 h of feeding, twenty-eight clusters of serine proteases were derived. Four clusters encode putative iron binding proteins (FER1, FERL, PXDL1, PXDL2), and two clusters encode metalloendopeptidases (MDP6C, MDP6D) that probably function in bloodmeal catabolism. In addition, a diverse variety of housekeeping cDNAs were identified. Selected midgut protease transcripts were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR): TRY1_115 and MDP6C mRNAs were induced in adult female midguts upon feeding, whereas TRY1_156 and CHYM1 were abundant in midguts both before and immediately after feeding. Of 708 salivary gland ESTs analysed, clusters representing two new classes of protein families were identified: a new class of D7 proteins and a new class of Kunitz-type protease inhibitors. Additional cDNAs representing putative immunomodulatory proteins were also identified: 5' nucleotidases, antigen 5-related proteins, a hyaluronidase, a platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, mucins and several immune response cDNAs. Analysis by q-PCR showed that all D7 and Kunitz domain transcripts tested were highly enriched in female heads compared with other tissues and were generally absent from males. The mRNAs of two additional protease inhibitors, TFPI1 and TFPI2, were detected in salivary glands of paraffin-embedded females by in situ hybridization.
Insect Mol Biol 2005 Apr
PMID:Midgut and salivary gland transcriptomes of the arbovirus vector Culicoides sonorensis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). 1579 45

Secreted semaphorins are essential for neural development and continue to be expressed in subpopulations of adult neurons, where they subserve as yet unknown functions. We employed functional myc- and GFP-tagged Sema3A proteins to obtain insight in the localization of Sema3A in neuronal cells. Sema3A localized to both axons and dendrites of cortical neurons. GFP-Sema3A exhibited a characteristic punctate distribution on the surface of Neuro-2a cells, localized to migratory pathways of cultured cells, and co-localized with and induced clustering of its receptor component neuropilin-1. Treatment with excess glycosaminoglycans and chondroitinase ABC resulted in the removal of cell surface Sema3A. Heparin enhanced Sema3A's binding to neuropilin-1-expressing cells and potentiated its growth cone collapsing activity. Together, these results indicate that association with proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of neuronal cells plays an important role in the localization of the chemorepulsive guidance cue Sema3A, and that this interaction may enhance its biological activity.
Mol Cell Neurosci 2005 May
PMID:Semaphorin 3A displays a punctate distribution on the surface of neuronal cells and interacts with proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix. 1586 45

We have identified an 80 kDa protein in ejaculated bull spermatozoa (p80) which is found in acrosomal and post-acrosomal areas of the head. It has a hyaluronidase activity and shares homologies with PH-20, a sperm surface glycoprotein involved in sperm-egg interaction. The aim of the present study was to characterize bull sperm p80 protein at the nucleic and amino acid levels to determine whether it is the bovine PH-20 ortholog. The complete nucleotide sequence determined by RT-PCR, 3' and 5' RACE show that bull p80, displays identity with the PH-20 nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Messenger RNA and protein expressions determined by Northern blot and immunohistochemistry revealed that the protein is testicular (expressed in spermatocytes and spermatids). The localization of p80 on spermatozoa, determined by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody, shows the protein in acrosomal and post acrosomal areas of the head with an increase in the signal intensity as sperm progress through the epididymis. Post-translational modifications of the protein were investigated during the epididymal maturation by Western blot on protein extracts from sperm collected in the caput, corpus and cauda portions of bull epididymis. Glycolysation status of sperm p80 protein on proteins from ejaculated and epididymidal sperm was investigated. Result show that the glycosylation status is modified as spermatozoa migrate through the epididymis. Hyaluronidase activity evaluated in protein extracts from spermatozoa of the three different epididymal sections revealed that the activity is higher at pH 7 than 4 and is not affected by epididymal maturation. These data strongly suggest that p80 is the bovine PH-20.
Mol Reprod Dev 2005 Aug
PMID:Identification of the bull sperm p80 protein as a PH-20 ortholog and its modification during the epididymal transit. 1589 45

Changes in hyaluronidase activity in the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii were followed throughout embryogenesis. Peak activity of the enzyme on days 21 and 24 during development was accompanied with a complete organization of larvae before hatching on day 27. During purification of hyaluronidase to homogeneity, ion exchange chromatography lead to four forms (HAase1, 2, 3 and 4). HAase2 and HAase4 with highest purity and specific activities after chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The apparent molecular masses of HAase2 and HAase4 were 25 and 40 kDa, respectively. HAase2 and HAase4 had the same pH optimum of 3.6 and Km values of 0.3 and 0.34 mg/mL hyaluronic acid, respectively. Cleaving activities of HAase2 and HAase4 were demonstrated in the order: hyaluronic acid>chondroitin sulphate A>chondroitin sulphate C>chondroitin sulphate mixed>chondroitin sulphate B>heparin, low M.Wt>heparin. HAase2 and HAase4 had the same temperature optimum (40 degrees C) with heat stability up to 40 degrees C. H. dromedarii HAase2 and HAase4 had broad plateau of NaCl requirement with optimum activity recorded at 0.15 and 0.3 M NaCl, respectively. HAase2 and HAase4 were inhibited by Ca2+, Fe3+, Co2+ and Hg2+ and enhanced by Mg2+ and Mn2+.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005 Oct
PMID:Hyaluronidase isoforms from developing embryos of the camel tick Hyalomma dromedarii. 1605 10

Earlier we showed that Sperm adhesion molecule1 (Spam1), the best studied sperm hyaluronidase, is involved in the sperm dysfunction associated with Robertsonian translocations (Rb). The dysfunction results in reduced fertility in mice homozygous for the Rb(6.16) or the Rb(6.15) translocation and transmission ratio distortion (TRD) in heterozygous males. This conclusion was based on the finding that Spam1 in the Rbs harbors multiple point mutations and a genomic alteration at the locus [in the case of Rb(6.16)]; and is accompanied by reduced steady-state levels of the RNA and protein. Here we show that closely linked family members in the hyaluronidase gene cluster on mouse chromosome 6, Hyalp1 and Hyal5, also harbor point mutations in these Rbs, leading to nonconservative substitutions in both the encoded proteins. To test if Spam1 by itself is capable of producing TRD we analyzed the transmission of wild-type and null alleles of the gene in the progeny of carriers and show that there is no significant TRD. This lack of TRD in null carriers argues for only a contributory role of Spam1 in the TRD seen in the Rb-bearing mice, and supports the involvement of Hyalp1 and/or Hyal5 in the sperm dysfunction and the resulting TRD. It is proposed that the clustering of point mutations in all three genes results from the cumulative effect of spontaneous mutations that do not disperse in the population due to suppression of recombination that occurs at Rb junctions.
Mol Reprod Dev 2005 Nov
PMID:Sperm dysfunction in the Rb(6.16)- and Rb(6.15)-bearing mice revisited: involvement of Hyalp1 and Hyal5. 1607 72

Sperm adhesion molecule1 (SPAM1), the best characterized hyaluronidase gene, is abundantly expressed in the testis. We attempted to overexpress mouse Spam1 via transgenesis using either the endogenous promoter in a BAC or a heterologous Protamine1 promoter for a Spam1 cDNA transgene. Although transgene-copy numbers ranged from 2 to 15 and transgenic transcripts were expressed, there was a general failure of overexpression of the RNA and protein in the testis of all seven founders. Also, three transgenic lines showed a modest downregulation or co-suppression of the RNA for Spam1 and Hyal5, present on the BAC. We provide evidence for the potential involvement of two co-ordinating post-transcriptional regulatory processes in the failure of overexpression: abundant endogenous antisense RNA and adenosine-uridine (AU)-rich element-mediated regulation of RNA turnover. We demonstrate that AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'UTR of mRNAs, well-known to interact with trans-acting proteins to target the RNA for (in)stability, are present in Spam1 RNA and specifically bind to six testicular cytoplasmic proteins. These AU-binding proteins (AUBPs) were virtually absent from the kidney where transcripts are rare, and were shown to interact with the cytoskeleton, which modulates mRNA turnover. In addition to a role in the RNAi pathway, antisense RNA can also modulate ARE-mediated regulation of mRNA by hybridizing to the AREs and specifically silencing their function. This potentially links the two processes in the regulation of Spam1 expression. We hypothesize that testicular Spam1 RNA is regulated post-transcriptionally by cis-acting ARE(s) in the 3'UTR which recognize AUBPs and which are modulated by antisense transcripts.
Mol Reprod Dev 2006 Feb
PMID:Murine Spam1 mRNA: involvement of AU-rich elements in the 3'UTR and antisense RNA in its tight post-transcriptional regulation in spermatids. 1625 6

Intramuscular injection of naked plasmid DNA is a less cytotoxic alternative to viral vectors for delivering genetic material to skeletal muscle in vivo. However, the low efficiency of plasmid-based gene transfer limits its potential therapeutic efficacy and/or its use for many experimental applications. Current strategies to enhance transfection efficiency (i.e., electroporation) can cause significant muscle damage, confounding physiological assessments such as muscle contractility. Optimizing protocols to limit damage is critical for accurate physiological, biochemical, and molecular measurements. Following extensive testing, we developed an electroporation protocol that enhances transfection efficiency in skeletal muscles without causing muscle damage. Pretreating mouse tibialis anterior muscles with hyaluronidase and electroporation at 75 V/cm (using 50% vol/vol saline as a vehicle for plasmid DNA) resulted in 22 +/- 5% of the muscle fibers expressing a reporter gene. This protocol did not compromise contractile function of skeletal muscles assessed at both the intact (whole) muscle and the cellular (single fiber) level. Furthermore, ectopic expression of insulin-like growth factor I to levels that induced muscle fiber hypertrophy without causing tissue damage or compromising muscle function highlights the therapeutic potential of these methods for myopathies, muscle wasting disorders, and other pathophysiologic conditions.
Mol Ther 2006 Apr
PMID:Optimizing plasmid-based gene transfer for investigating skeletal muscle structure and function. 1630 67


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