Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis) eggs contain two yolk proteins, YP47 and YP160. Using anti-YP160 antiserum as probe, a partial-length complementary DNA (cDNA) was isolated from a lambda gt11 adult female cDNA library. A second partial-length cDNA was isolated from a lambda gt10 adult female cDNA library by differential screening with male vs. female cDNAs. Northern blot analysis showed that each cloned cDNA hybridized to a 6-kb female-specific transcript. These cDNAs were used to probe a genomic library, and two overlapping genomic clones were obtained that span the boll weevil vitellogenin gene. The entire transcription unit was sequenced, and introns were mapped by a combination of primer extension experiments, S1 nuclease protection experiments, and polymerase chain reaction-mediated synthesis of two additional cDNA clones. Based on these data, the vitellogenin mRNA is 5511 nucleotides [plus a poly(A) tail of undetermined length] and specifies a provitellogenin of 1790 amino acids. The deduced protein has a Glu+Gln content of 16.3%, which is a relatively high value that is typical of most vitellogenins. Protein sequence similarities including Cys clusters conserved between boll weevil vitellogenin and Xenopus laevis A2 or Caenorhabditis elegans vit-5 vitellogenins indicated that the boll weevil protein is a member of the ancient nematode-vertebrate vitellogenin family. Moreover, the six introns in the boll weevil vitellogenin gene interrupt the coding region at positions closely or exactly corresponding to a subset of the positions of the 34 vertebrate vitellogenin introns, further supporting the argument for a common evolutionary relationship. This report represents the first complete nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of a nondipteran insect vitellogenin gene.
J Mol Evol 1992 Jun
PMID:The boll weevil vitellogenin gene: nucleotide sequence, structure, and evolutionary relationship to nematode and vertebrate vitellogenin genes. 159 41

Carboxypeptidase-H (CPH) is a metallocarboxypeptidase implicated in the processing of peptide hormones. Consistent with such a role, the gene for CPH is expressed in cells that secrete regulatory peptides, such as those of the brain and endocrine tissues. In the rat brain, CPH is transcribed from a single transcriptional start site associated with the initiator-type element first described in the gene encoding lymphocyte-specific terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. We have used a combination of Northern blot analysis and S1 nuclease protection mapping to describe the expression and transcription initiation pattern of the gene for CPH in the peripheral tissues and brain regions of the normal rat. The single transcriptional start site is used in all tissues examined, except the pituitary, where two additional specific initiation sites are found. The expression of the CPH gene is up-regulated in the anterior pituitary gland as a consequence of systemic thyroid hormone depletion, and this increase is associated with a preferential utilization of the novel upstream transcriptional initiation sites. Thus, the use of different major transcriptional initiation sites of the CPH gene in the pituitary gland is subject to differential direct or indirect thyroid hormone regulation.
Mol Endocrinol 1992 May
PMID:Pituitary-specific transcriptional initiation sites of the rat carboxypeptidase-H gene and the influence of thyroid hormone status. 160 81

A total of 32 mutations were generated within the TATA-proximal site 1 (-72 to -47) of soybean heat shock gene Gmhsp17.5E in order to functionally define the optimal configuration of sequences within the heat shock element (HSE). Mutants were tested in vivo utilizing sunflower tumors transformed by a T-DNA based vector. Promoter activity was determined by S1 nuclease hybrid protection analysis of tumor transcripts. A total of five repeats (5'-nGAAn-3' or 5'-nTTCn-3') which comprise the HSE at site 1 were required for full transcription induction by heat stress. Analysis of non-conserved bases flanking the central trinucleotide block indicated that 5'-aGAAg'-3' is the optimum sequence for the 5 bp repeat.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 Jul
PMID:Mutational analysis of a plant heat shock element. 162 79

The nerve growth factor (NGF) content of the mouse submandibular gland (SMG) is under hormonal control and is modulated by both thyroid hormones (TH) and androgens. The sexual dimorphism of the gland is well documented. In the adult male mouse, the SMG contains 10 times more NGF compared to the female. Conversely, castration of male mice reduces the SMG NGF levels to those found in control females. In order to determine the locus at which androgens and TH exert their effect on NGF gene expression in the SMG, steady-state NGF mRNA levels were determined. Daily treatment of adult female mice with TH for 1 week increased NGF mRNA levels 6-fold. Androgen treatment produced a 20-fold increase in SMG NGF mRNA, which was comparable to levels detected in the control adult male SMG. The effect of TH on NGF mRNA levels was time-dependent and coincided with the increase in NGF protein concentrations. At 48 h after a single TH injection, NGF mRNA levels (measured in SMG total RNA) increased 2-4-fold, while heteronuclear (hn) RNA levels were increased 1.5-2-fold. The NGF gene transcription rate was determined by run-on assay following TH treatment. A small but significant 2-fold induction by TH of NGF gene transcription was found at 24-48 h. Cytoplasmic RNA prepared from the same SMGs used in the run-on experiments was tested by S1 nuclease protection; NGF cytoplasmic RNA was increased 7-fold in the SMGs of females treated with TH 48 h previously. These results demonstrate that the effect of TH on NGF gene expression is due in part to an induction of NGF gene transcription. The discrepancies observed between transcription rate and mRNA levels suggest that the major effect of TH is at the post-transcriptional level, possibly mRNA stabilization. The time required to observe an induction of TH on NGF gene transcription is suggestive of an indirect effect, possibly through the induction by TH of another protein which in turn activates the NGF gene.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1992 Mar
PMID:Thyroid hormone and androgen regulation of nerve growth factor gene expression in the mouse submandibular gland. 163 17

A cDNA clone, labeled Cl-13, isolated from an adult rat brain cDNA library, has been characterized and found by Northern blot and S1 nuclease mapping experiments to be solely expressed in neuronal tissue, principally, but not exclusively, in the brain. The associated mRNA is first detected in embryonic life, reaches maximum levels of expression at birth, and remains expressed in the adult. Northern blot analysis shows the transcript is not localized to one particular area of the brain, but is present in numerous regions. Low message levels of this transcript are also found in the peripheral nervous system, demonstrating that the expression of the associated gene is not restricted to the central nervous system. In addition, results indicate expression is limited to neuronal cells, and is not detected in glia. The identification of the cDNA clone Cl-13, which possesses limited nucleotide homology to tropomyosin, is exciting, particularly considering the neural-specific expression that it manifests and the unique cytoskeletal and motile properties exhibited by neurons.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1991 Apr
PMID:Developmentally regulated cDNA expressed exclusively in neural tissue. 164 80

Sedimentation analysis of isolated episomal bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) nucleoprotein complexes in sucrose gradients and subsequent separation of the purified DNA in chloroquine gels revealed different classes of molecules, varying in their degree of superhelicity. Since torsionally stressed DNA favors the adoption of secondary structures, we employed the single-strand-specific S1 nuclease to detect such structural alterations in both naked DNA and native chromatin. Direct examination of nuclease digestion products in chloroquine gels showed that neither the naked DNA nor the BPV-1 nucleoprotein complexes in isolated nuclei were cleaved randomly by the enzyme. Instead, there was a strict dependence on nuclease susceptibility and the degree of supercoiling, strongly suggesting that the structural features detected by S1 nuclease are due to the occurrence of torsionally stressed viral chromatin. Mapping analysis using the indirect end-labeling method demonstrated an S1-nuclease cleavage site adjacent to 20 homopurine residues known to be hypersensitive to S1 attack. Furthermore, direct methylation experiments with viral chromatin in isolated nuclei indicated that only circular, covalently closed nucleoprotein complexes served as substrate, whereas linearized BPV-1 chromatin was not susceptible to exogenously added Hhal methylase. This observation raises the possibility that the modulation of topology in nucleosomally organized DNA might also play a role in eukaryotic DNA methylation.
Mol Carcinog 1991
PMID:Topological properties of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) DNA in episomal nucleoprotein complexes: a model system for chromatin organization in higher eukaryotes. 164 63

The gene structure for S-100 beta subunit has been elucidated. The gene spans about 8 kbp and consists of 3 exons and 2 introns. The transcription initiation site was determined by an S1 nuclease mapping. The promoter region contains TATA-box-like and CAAT-box-like sequences. To examine the activity of the promoter sequence, a transfection of pS100 beta-lacZ fused gene to the cultured cells was carried out. C6 glioma cells showed a positive expression of beta-galactosidase. Gene-deletion experiments suggested the functional importance of the DNA fragment (22 bp) containing TATA-box-like and CAAT-box-like sequences. A factor protein that binds to the 100 bp DNA fragment containing the promoter sequence was specifically detected in the rat brain nuclear extract.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1991 Jun
PMID:Structure and expression of rat S-100 beta subunit gene. 165 88

A-factor (2-isocapryloyl-3R-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) is a microbial hormone controlling streptomycin (Sm) production, Sm resistance and sporulation in Streptomyces griseus. In order to identify A-factor-dependent promoters in the Sm biosynthetic gene cluster, a new promoter-probe plasmid with a low copy number was constructed by using an extremely thermostable malate dehydrogenase gene as the reporter. Of the three promoters in the Sm production region that includes strR, aphD and strB, only the promoter of strR, which codes for a putative regulatory protein, was found to be directly controlled by A-factor. This was also confirmed by S1 nuclease mapping. The region essential for its A-factor-dependence was determined to be located 430-330 base pairs upstream of the transcriptional start point. Increase in the copy number of the strR promoter region did not lead to a corresponding increase in the total promoter activity, probably due to titration of a putative activator which binds to the enhancer-like region and controls the expression of the strR promoter. This putative activator is apparently distinct from the A-factor-receptor protein. The aphD gene, which encodes the major Sm resistance determinant, Sm-6-phosphotransferase, was transcribed mainly by read-through from the A-factor-dependent strR promoter; this accounts for the prompt induction of Sm resistance by A-factor.
Mol Gen Genet 1991 Sep
PMID:Identification of an A-factor-dependent promoter in the streptomycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces griseus. 165 4

The present report describes the first characterization of growth hormone (GH) receptor (GH-R) mRNA in the rabbit mammary gland. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from several tissues of rabbit probed with a rabbit liver GH-R cDNA fragment revealed hybridization to only one transcript of 4.2 kb. A specific hybridizing signal appears in the mammary gland mRNA during gestation, when three different probes derived from liver GH-R cDNA and encoding respectively for extracellular, transmembrane and intracellular regions, were used. The signal is lower than in the liver but highly significant. These results indicate that the three regions are present and well conserved in the GH-R transcript found in the mammary gland. By S1 nuclease mapping analysis we demonstrated that the extracellular and transmembrane domains of mammary gland GH-R mRNA are strongly homologous to the liver GH-R mRNA. In addition, mammary gland GH-R mRNA is probably generated by mammary epithelial cells as demonstrated by the hybridization signal obtained using mRNA extracted from purified acini. The increase in the concentration of GH-R mRNA occurs during epithelial cell proliferation associated with a decrease in the proportion of adipocytes and connective cells at late gestation. The 4.2 kb GH-R mRNA species was also detected in ovine and porcine mammary glands during gestation, suggesting a probable expression of the related form of GH-R in these species.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991 Jan
PMID:Identification and characterization of growth hormone receptor mRNA in the mammary gland. 167 12

We purified human poly(A)+ RNA from 11 individuals to assess the regional distribution of CD4 and CD4-related mRNA transcripts in human brain and in peripheral tissues by Northern blot hybridization. A 3.0 kb CD4 mRNA transcript was expressed in all brain areas and several peripheral tissues examined. A second CD4-related 1.8 kb mRNA species showed an uneven distribution in the brain with cortical regions possessing highest levels and basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum and spinal cord containing relatively lower amounts. Messenger RNA transcripts for CD8, a T cell specific marker, were not detectable in human brain by Northern analysis, yet were as abundant as CD4 in spleen. The expression of the 1.8 kb mRNA was tissue specific as it was not observed in peripheral tissues such as spleen, adrenal, colon, or lung, nor was it found in the choroid plexus, dorsal root ganglion and human neuronal (SY5Y) or astroglial (N132N1) cell lines. Blot hybridization and S1 nuclease protection analysis of poly(A)+ RNA with selective probes derived from CD4 indicated that the 1.8 kb mRNA transcript is truncated, lacking the extracellular protein coding region of CD4, and may in fact be a unique transcript from the CD4 gene locus rather than an alternatively spliced or processed CD4 mRNA.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1991 Apr
PMID:Regional distribution and partial molecular characterization of CD4-related mRNA in human brain and peripheral tissues. 167 32


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