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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
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A cDNA clone corresponding to a mRNA that rapidly accumulates during the hypersensitive-like response induced by elicitor treatment of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber was characterized. The clone encodes a polypeptide (Mr = 41,097) having 83%-85% amino acid identity with known plant alcohol dehydrogenase sequences (ADH; EC 1.1.1.1). The identity of the clone was confirmed by measuring the ADH enzyme activity in extracts of Escherichia coli transformed with the cDNA clone. In potato tuber disks, a wide range of stresses, including treatment with fatty acid elicitors, salicylic acid, UV light and anaerobiosis, was shown to induce accumulation of Adh transcripts. In stems, a high constitutive level of Adh transcripts could be detected in 4-week old plants, but not in 8-week old plants. However, the mRNA could be induced to accumulate in stems of 8-week old plants by treatment with arachidonic acid elicitor or by anaerobiosis. Induction in leaves was also obtained during anaerobiosis and after treatment with a Phytophthora infestans mycelial homogenate.
Plant Mol Biol 1990 May
PMID:Alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression in potato following elicitor and stress treatment. 210 55

The nucleotide sequence of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene Adh71k has been determined. The Adh71k allele encodes the thermostable and multifunctional ADH-71k allozyme of Drosophila melanogaster. Comparison with the sequences of AdhS, AdhF, and AdhFChD reveals differences in the coding and noncoding regions of the gene. Conceptual translation of the Adh71k sequence indicates that ADH-71k shares with ADH-F and ADH-FCHD an amino acid replacement at residue 192 and with ADH-FCHD an additional replacement of serine for proline at residue 214. Three unique differences were found in the nontranslated regions. It is proposed that a nucleotide deletion in the adult intron is related to the difference in expression level of the Adh71k allele, relative to the other alleles. An insertion of five nucleotides, additional to a single base deletion at that site, was detected in one of the larval enhancer regions in the 5' flanking region of the Adh71k allele, creating a palindromic structure in that area.
Mol Biol Evol 1990 Sep
PMID:Analysis of the gene encoding the multifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase allozyme ADH-71k of Drosophila melanogaster. 212 44

Point mutations in the presequence of the mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogerase isoenzyme (ADH III) have been shown to affect either the import of the precursor protein into yeast mitochondria in vivo or its processing within the organelle. In the present work, the behavior of these mutants during in vitro import into isolated mitochondria was investigated. All point mutants tested were imported with a slower initial rate than that of the wild-type precursor. This defect was corrected when the precursors were treated with urea prior to import. Once imported, the extent of processing to the mature form of mutant precursors varied greatly and correlated well with the defects observed in vivo. This result was not affected by prior urea treatment. When matrix extracts enriched for the processing protease were used, this defect was shown to be due to failure of the protease to efficiently recognize or cleave the presequence, rather than to a lack of access to the precursor. The rate of import of two ADH III precursors bearing internal deletions in the leader sequence was similar to those of the point mutants, whereas a deletion leading to the removal of the 15 amino-terminal amino acids was poorly imported. The mature amino terminus of wild-type ADH III was determined to be Gln-25. Mutant m01 (Ser-26 to Phe), which reduced the efficiency of cleavage in vitro by 80%, was cleaved at the correct site.
Mol Cell Biol 1990 Jun
PMID:Mutant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH III) presequences that affect both in vitro mitochondrial import and in vitro processing by the matrix protease. 218 98

The roles of the TATA element and sequences near the mRNA initiation site in specifying the location of initiation sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined, using the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ADH gene. The importance of spacing was demonstrated by analysis of a series of deletions that removed from 8-50 bp between the TATA element and ATG translation initiation site of this gene. Primer extension mapping showed that increasing deletion length is associated with a progressive shift downstream in the location of the initiation sites. The distance of a given site from the promoter affected the relative ability of the site to be utilized for initiation. For this gene, a permissive region for transcription initiation exists between 55 and 125 bases downstream of the TATA element, and a zone of 75-115 bases allows maximal usage of an initiation site. The presence of a TATA sequence was shown to be necessary in S. cerevisiae for maintaining the location of this "window" of initiation. The TATA sequence is essential for function of the gene in S. pombe. This gene, as well as the majority of the 63 S. cerevisiae genes surveyed, uses initiation sites which fit a PyAA/T(Pu) consensus. Cis-acting mutations were recovered which restored ADH activity to a deletion allele that initiates its mRNAs downstream of the ATG. DNA sequence and transcript analysis with these mutants confirmed the requirement of proper spacing and conformity of initiation sites to the PyAA/T(Pu) consensus for efficient transcript initiation.
Mol Gen Genet 1990 Sep
PMID:DNA sequence elements required for transcription initiation of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ADH gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 227 81

Six independent mutant lines of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia resistant to ethanol, designated E3, E8, E101, E112, E144 and E251, were isolated as germinating seedlings on selective medium. In all cases, resistance to ethanol was conferred by a single recessive nuclear mutation at the same locus. Mutant seeds and pollen lacked detectable ADH activity, with the exception of E251 where a residual activity was detected. An antiserum directed against Arabidopsis thaliana ADH detected an ADH-related polypeptide of 44 kDa present in wild-type seeds and, to a lesser extent, in the seeds of the leaky mutant E251. No ADH-related polypeptide could be detected in seeds of the other mutants. However, all of them had a nearly normal level of ADH mRNA except one which did not synthesize any mRNA. These results suggest that these ethanol-resistant mutants are impaired in one of the structural genes coding for alcohol dehydrogenase. The corresponding locus has been designated Adh1.
Mol Gen Genet 1990 Jul
PMID:Ethanol-resistant mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia are deficient in the expression of pollen and seed alcohol dehydrogenase activity. 227 39

Data presented in this paper deal with a further molecular characterization of 2 out of 32 EMS-induced Arabidopsis ADH null mutants that we isolated previously. In order to localize and characterize each mutation at the molecular level, we have cloned and completely sequenced the R002 and R006 null mutant alleles. For mutant R002, which does not contain any detectable levels of ADH protein and mRNA, we have found that the mutation is due to a single C to T base pair substitution in the reading frame; this leads to the incorporation of a TAG stop codon (amber nonsense mutation). For mutant R006, which contains normal levels of inactive protein and mRNA levels, we found a G to A base pair transition. This gives rise to a Cys to Tyr amino acid substitution in the active site of the ADH enzyme.
Mol Gen Genet 1990 Nov
PMID:Sequence analysis of two null-mutant alleles of the single Arabidopsis Adh locus. 227 48

AdhnLA248 is an X-ray-induced mutation of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster that lacks detectable ADH protein but is transcribed. The transcript of this mutant allele is longer than that of the wild type. This is because the mutation is a duplication of parts of the second and third exons of Adh and of the intron that normally separates them. The primary transcript of the mutant allele is processed by the removal of both of the identical copies of intron 3. This mutation presumably originated, in the haploid sperm, as two staggered single-stranded breaks that gave rise to the duplication as a consequence of replication after fertilization.
J Mol Biol 1985 Dec 20
PMID:Mutation of the Adh gene of Drosophila melanogaster containing an internal tandem duplication. 241 73

In this work we present data which show stimulation of Cl- transport in the isolated toad skin by four agonists: L-isoproterenol, L-adrenalin, angiotensin II and ADH. This response was demonstrated by raising mucosal amiloride concentration to block the sodium transport in the skin. With transepithelial sodium influx almost completely inhibited, it was likely that the response reflected transport events in the glands. Inhibition of the bioelectric parameters by removing chloride from the serosal bathing medium in the amiloride-inhibited preparation eliminated the response to all four agents, indicating that these responses are chloride dependent. The similarity of the bioelectric responses of the amiloride-treated preparation to db cAMP and to the four agents tested in this work add further evidence that this second messenger may account largely for the Cl- transport mechanism in the toad skin glands by increasing the apical membrane permeability to Cl-.
Cell Mol Biol 1989
PMID:Comparative effects of catecholamines, angiotensin II and antidiuretic hormone on chloride transport in toad skin. 253 7

We have established an experimental system for reconstitution of an individual nucleosome on a closed DNA microdomain (operationally defined as a DNA domain of a size so small as to be unable to establish titratable superhelical turns). The microdomain (185 base-pairs (bp), composed of 128 bp encompassing the central part of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH II promoter plus 57 bp of a polylinker) was obtained by ligation under conditions that produced three circularized forms characterized by different linkage numbers. These linkomers were tested for nucleosome reconstitution with S. cerevisiae histones. It was observed that only microcircles with linkage reduction (delta Lk = 1 or 2) could form a nucleosome, as defined by protection of a 145(+/- 2) bp DNA fragment from micrococcal nuclease, relaxed forms (open or closed circles) could not.
J Mol Biol 1989 Jun 05
PMID:Linkage reduction allows reconstitution of nucleosomes on DNA microdomains. 266 37

The alcR positive control gene is necessary for the expression of both alcA (coding for alcohol dehydrogenase ADH I), and aldA (coding for aldehyde dehydrogenase, AldDH) in Aspergillus nidulans. Using a cloned alcR probe and Northern blots analysis we show that: (1) alcR itself is inducible; (2) alcR inducibility depends on the expression of the alcR gene itself; and (3) alcR is subject to carbon catabolite repression and its expression is controlled by the negatively acting creA wide specificity gene. The repression of alcR is sufficient to explain the carbon catabolite repression of ADH I and AldDH.
Mol Microbiol 1987 Nov
PMID:Regulation of alcR, the positive regulatory gene of the ethanol utilization regulon of Aspergillus nidulans. 283 22


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