Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the isolation of a ripening-related apple cDNA which is complementary to a mRNA which may be involved in ethylene production. Poly(A)+ RNA was extracted from cortical tissue of ripe apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh cv. Golden Delicious) and a cDNA library constructed in the plasmid vector pSPORT. The library was screened with pTOM13, a tomato cDNA clone thought to code for ACC oxidase in that fruit. An apple cDNA clone (pAP4) was isolated and sequenced. The 1182 bp cDNA insert includes an open reading frame of 942 bp, and shows strong homology with reported tomato and avocado sequences, both at the nucleic acid and amino acid levels. The polypeptide has a calculated molecular mass of 35.4 kDa and a calculated pI of 5.15. In apple cortical tissue, expression of pAP4-complementary RNA increased with ethylene production by the fruit during ripening. Expression was also enhanced in both ethylene-treated and wounded fruit.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 May
PMID:An ethylene-related cDNA from ripening apples. 137 61

Considerable progress in tomato molecular biology has been made over the past five years. At least 19 different mRNAs which increase in amount during tomato fruit ripening have been cloned and genes for enzymes involved in cell wall degradation (polygalacturonase and pectinesterase) and ethylene synthesis (ACC synthase) have been identified by conventional procedures. Transgenic plants have been used to identify regions of DNA flanking fruit-specific, ripening-related and ethylene-regulated genes and trans-acting factors which bind to these promoters have also been identified. Antisense genes expressed in transgenic plants have proved to be highly effective for inhibiting the specific expression of ripening-related genes. These experiments have changed our understanding of how softening occurs in tomato fruit. Antisense techniques have also been used to identify genes encoding enzymes for carotenoid biosynthesis (phytoene synthase) and ethylene biosynthesis (the ethylene-forming enzyme). The altered characteristics of fruit transformed with specific antisense genes, such as retarded ripening and resistance to splitting, may prove to be of value to fruit growers, processors and ultimately the consumer.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 May
PMID:Molecular biology of fruit ripening and its manipulation with antisense genes. 160 Jan 70

Ethylene induced an increase in the accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase transcript level and enzyme activity in the first internode of 5- to 6-day-old etiolated pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which stimulates ethylene production by enhancing ACC synthase activity, also caused an increase in ACC oxidase transcript and activity levels. The IAA-induced increase in ACC oxidase mRNA level and enzyme activity was blocked by 2,5-norbornadiene (NBD), a competitive inhibitor of ethylene action. This indicates that IAA induced ACC oxidase through the action of ethylene. The level of ACC synthase mRNA and enzyme activity started to increase less than 1 h after the start of IAA treatment, whereas ACC oxidase activity and transcript levels began to rise after 2 h of IAA treatment. These results indicate that the enzymes of ethylene biosynthesis are sequentially induced after treatment of intact pea seedlings with IAA. The increase in ACC synthase activity leads to the production of ACC, which is converted by the low constitutive level of ACC oxidase activity to ethylene. Through a positive feedback loop, ethylene promotes the accumulation of ACC oxidase mRNA and the increase in ACC oxidase activity.
Plant Mol Biol 1995 May
PMID:Sequential induction of the ethylene biosynthetic enzymes by indole-3-acetic acid in etiolated peas. 759 14

To study the possible involvement of plant hormones in the synthesis of stress proteins in tomato upon inoculation with Cladosporium fulvum, we investigated the induction of mRNAs encoding PR proteins and ethylene biosynthesis enzymes by ethephon, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) and salicylic acid (SA) by northern blot analysis. Ethephon slightly induced some but not all mRNAs encoding intra- and extracellular PR proteins. INA induced all PR protein mRNAs analysed, except for intracellular chitinase and extracellular PR-4. SA induced all PR protein mRNAs analyzed, except for intracellular chitinase and osmotin. None of the inducers affected the expression of ACC synthase mRNA, whereas all three induced ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) mRNA.
Plant Mol Biol 1995 Mar
PMID:Induction of tomato stress protein mRNAs by ethephon, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid and salicylate. 776 2

A full-length cDNA clone (cEFE-26) encoding ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) was isolated from a cDNA library, prepared from leaves of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected tobacco cultivar Samsun NN. The cDNA clone encodes a protein with 90% amino acid sequence similarity to established EFEs of tomato and other plants. By using cEFE-26 cDNA and the insert from cDNA clone pACC13 (B. A. Bailey, A. Avni, N. Li, A. K. Mattoo, and J. D. Anderson, Plant Physiol. 100:1615-1616, 1992) encoding tobacco 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase as probes, it was established that tobacco contains small gene families for these proteins. Furthermore, RNA blot analyses indicated that transcript levels in leaves for the two ethylene pathway genes were elevated after infection with TMV. The results are discussed in relation to a possible signalling role of ethylene in induced resistance and gene expression for pathogenesis-related proteins.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact
PMID:Virus-induced gene expression for enzymes of ethylene biosynthesis in hypersensitively reacting tobacco. 777

Differential screening of a cDNA library made from RNA extracted from avocado (Persea americana Mill cv. Hass) fruit stored at low temperature (7 degrees C) gave 23 cDNA clones grouped into 10 families, 6 of which showed increased expression during cold storage and normal ripening. Partial DNA sequencing was carried out for representative clones. Database searches found homologies with a polygalacturonase (PG), endochitinase, cysteine proteinase inhibitor and several stress-related proteins. No homologies were detected for clones from six families and their biological role remains to be elucidated. A full-length cDNA sequence for avocado PG was obtained and the predicted amino acid sequence compared with those from other PGs. mRNA encoding PG increased markedly during normal ripening, slightly later than mRNAs for cellulase and ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE). Low-temperature storage delayed ripening and retarded the appearance of mRNAs for enzymes known to be involved in cell wall metabolism and ethylene synthesis, such as cellulase, PG and EFE, and also other mRNAs of unknown function. The removal of ethylene from the atmosphere surrounding stored fruit delayed the appearance of the mRNAs encoding cellulase and PG more than the cold storage itself, although it hardly affected the expression of the EFE mRNA or the accumulation of mRNAs homologous to some other unidentified clones.
Plant Mol Biol 1993 Feb
PMID:Cloning and characterization of avocado fruit mRNAs and their expression during ripening and low-temperature storage. 809 63

The apple ripening-related cDNA insert of clone pAP4 (G.S. Ross, M.L. Knighton, M. Lay-Yee [1992] Plant Mol Biol 19: 231-238) has previously been shown to have considerable nucleic acid and predicted amino acid sequence similarity to the insert of a tomato ripening-related cDNA clone (pTOM13) that is known to encode the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase (A.J. Hamilton, G.W. Lycett, D. Grierson [1990] Nature 346: 284-287; A.J. Hamilton, M. Bouzayen, D. Grierson [1991] Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 7434-7437). The cDNA insert from the clone pAP4 was fused between the galactose-inducible promoter and the terminator of the yeast expression vector pYES2. Transformation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain F808- with this DNA construct and incubation of the yeast in the presence of D[+]-galactose allowed these cells to convert ACC to ethylene. The transformed yeast converted 1-amino-2-ethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate isomers to 1-butene with the same 1R,2S-stereoselectivity as achieved by the native ACC oxidase from applies. Both ascorbate and Fe2+ ions stimulated the rate of the production of ethylene from ACC by the transformed yeast, whereas Cu2+ and Co2+ were strongly inhibitory; these are features of ACC oxidase. Northern analysis of the total RNA from nontransformed and transformed yeast showed that the ability to convert the ACC to ethylene was correlated with the synthesis and accumulation of a novel 1.2-kb mRNA that hybridized to the cDNA clone pAP4. We conclude that the cDNA sequence of the clone pAP4 encodes ACC oxidase.
 ...
PMID:Apple ripening-related cDNA clone pAP4 confers ethylene-forming ability in transformed Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 827 33

In this paper we present the structural analysis of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase gene family from Petunia hybrida. Southern blot analysis and restriction endonuclease mapping showed that two cloned regions of the petunia genome contained sequences highly homologous to a previously isolated ACC oxidase cDNA clone. Nucleotide sequencing of these two regions of the genome showed that each contained two tandemly arranged genes designated ACO1, ACO2, ACO3 and ACO4. Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the cloned genomic regions with the cDNA clone pPHEFE indicated that ACO1 encoded the transcript in 4 exons interrupted by 3 introns. The other three members of the petunia ACC oxidase gene family shared identical intron numbers and positions with ACO1 and their exons were greater than 80% homologous. Nucleotide substitutions and deletions in the ACO2 gene indicate that it likely represents a pseudogene. Overall homology between ACO1 and ACO2 indicates that this gene cluster arose by a more recent duplication event than the gene duplication giving rise to the ACO3 and ACO4 cluster. The 5-flanking sequences share little overall homology between members of this gene family. However, sequences which likely make up the core promoter of these genes including the TATA box are highly homologous. RNA-based PCR amplification of ACC oxidase cDNAs from ethylene-treated corollas and wounded leaves revealed transcripts for ACO1, ACO3 and ACO4 indicating that a least three of these genes are transcriptionally active. The proteins encoded by ACO1, ACO3 and ACO4 share more than 90% identity with one another and more than 70% identity with ACC oxidases from other species. The ACC oxidase proteins share significant sequence homology with other enzymes that require Fe(II) and ascorbate for catalytic activity.
Plant Mol Biol 1993 Dec
PMID:Organization and structure of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase gene family from Petunia hybrida. 829 80

The enzyme ACC oxidase catalyses the last step of ethylene biosynthesis in plants, converting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to ethylene. We have previously described the isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone (pMEL1) encoding an ACC oxidase homolog from melon (Cucumis melo L.). Here we report the isolation and characterization of three genomic clones, corresponding to three putative members of the ACC oxidase gene family in melon. All are transcriptionally active. The sequences of these genes have been determined. One genomic clone (CM-ACO1), corresponding to the cDNA previously isolated, presents a coding region interrupted by three introns. Its transcription initiation site has been defined with RNA from ripe fruit and ethylene-treated leaves. The other two genes (CM-ACO2, CM-ACO3) have only two introns, at positions identical to their counterparts in CM-ACO1. The degree of DNA homology in the coding regions of CM-ACO2 and CM-ACO3 relative to CM-ACO1 is 59% and 75%, respectively. CM-ACO2 and CM-ACO3 are 59% homologous in their coding regions. These three genes have close homology to PH-ACO3, a member of the ACC oxidase multigene family of petunia. The predicted amino acid sequences of CM-ACO1 and CM-ACO3 are 77% to 81% identical to those encoded by the tomato and petunia genes, while the deduced amino acid sequence of CM-ACO2 shows only 42% to 45% homology. RT-PCR analysis using gene-specific primers shows that the three genes are differentially expressed during development, ethylene treatment and wounding. CM-ACO1 is induced in ripe fruit and in response to wounding and to ethylene treatment in leaves. CM-ACO2 is detectable at low level in etiolated hypocotyls. CM-ACO3 is expressed in flowers and is not induced by any of the stimuli tested.
Mol Gen Genet 1996 Apr 24
PMID:Structure and expression of three genes encoding ACC oxidase homologs from melon (Cucumis melo L.). 862 51

We have studied two lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) selected in the field as drought-tolerant (R1 genotype) or drought-sensitive (S1 genotype). When subjected to drought conditions, the R1 line was able to maintain high leaf water potential longer and wilted later than the S1 line. Therefore, this indicates that R1 tolerance includes a leaf-adaptive response. By subtractive hybridization, we have isolated six different cDNAs (designated sdi for sunflower drought-induced) corresponding to transcripts accumulated in R1 and S1 leaves during adaptive response. Analysis of transcript accumulation in response to drought in both genotypes suggests a preferential expression of three sdi genes in the tolerant line. Abscisic acid-mediated induction, analysed in R1 leaves, was observed for only four sdi genes. Sequence analysis of six sdi clones revealed that five clones were related to known proteins including non specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTP), early light-induced proteins (ELIP), l-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate oxidase (ACC oxidase) or dehydrins, predicted to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes.
Plant Mol Biol 1996 Jul
PMID:Identification and expression of water stress- and abscisic acid-regulated genes in a drought-tolerant sunflower genotype. 880 12


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>