Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A large proportion of all life on Earth lives in the ocean. Marine life includes microscopic life, plants, algae, invertebrates, fungi, and vertebrates. Due to the high salinity, high pressure, hypoxic and low temperature of the marine environment, the polysaccharides or glycans synthesized by marine life have diverse structures and unique biological activities that are not found in glycans in terrestrial life. Moreover, the glycans are the most abundant biopolymers made by the marine life. The reported activities of marine glycans include but not limit to anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antitumor, antioxidant, antiviral, and antibacterial activities. Published reports on marine glycans have increased more than threefold during the past decade. Meanwhile, several pharmaceutical companies in different countries have invested in the research and development of marine glycan-based drugs. Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS), the first marine glycan-based drug developed in China approved by the Chinese FDA, has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases for more than 30 years. In this chapter, the structural characteristics, pharmacological activities and clinical applications of three Chinese FDA approved and commercially available marine glycan-based drugs (PSS, PGMS, and FPS) and five marine glycan-based drugs at different stages of clinical studies (GV971, 911, PGS, PS916, and HS203) in China will be reviewed and discussed. Understanding the marine glycan-based drugs at structure and function level would be needed to comprehend their clinical efficacy. Such knowledge will provide molecular basis for the future research and development of marine glycan-based drugs world widely.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2019
PMID:Marine glycan-derived therapeutics in China. 3103 Jul 45

Heparin is a life-saving drug with multiple molecular targets and mostly well known for its anticoagulant and antithrombotic pharmacological effects in treating cardiovascular diseases. All the heparin-like polysaccharides that mimic the biological activities of heparin are called heparinoids. However, heparin has no pharmacological effect if taken orally and has to be used by injection in hospital settings. Thus, heparinoids that can be taken orally are critically needed. Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) is the world's first oral heparinoid used in treating cardiovascular diseases approved by Chinese Food and Drug Administration in 1987. PSS is produced by modifying partially hydrolyzed alginate, one of the most abundant marine polysaccharides isolated from brown algae, by epoxypropane esterification and by chemical sulfation. It is used for treating and preventing cardiovascular-related diseases. The low cost (US$1.29/100 tablets, ~4 tablets/day), remarkable clinical effects, and convenient oral administration make PSS an ideal long-term cardiovascular disease-prevention drug. PSS is also clinically trialed for treating diabetes and diabetes-associated complications, hepatitis, kidney, skin, and many other diseases in China. PSS is available in most drug stores in China, and millions of patients take PSS routinely during the past 31 years. The 24,089 reported clinical cases as well as the structure, preparation, clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and future perspectives of PSS based on the results of peer-reviewed publications will be discussed. This review should bring the knowledge of PSS gained in China to the world to stimulate in depth academic and clinical studies of PSS and other heparinoids.
Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2019
PMID:Efficacy of heparinoid PSS in treating cardiovascular diseases and beyond-A review of 31 years clinical experiences in China. 3103 Jul 62