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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Expression of the rat LH receptor (rLHR) is characterized by a dynamic response to a variety of hormonal stimuli. In addition to activation, the pattern of rLHR expression is also modulated by repression. In this report, an upstream initiator-like element (UInr-lE), CTCACTCTAA, of which the CTC direct repeat motif (CTCACTC) is conserved in the rat, mouse, and human, was identified as a suppressor element. Disruption of the element resulted in a 2-fold enhancement of promoter activity in the LHR-expressing murine Leydig tumor cells. The sequences of the two major initiators (Inr), Inr3 and Inr4, of the rLHR core promoter are similar to UInr-lE and competed efficiently with UInr-lE in the formation of specific protein complexes, suggesting that the same proteins interact with both UInr-lE and the Inrs in vivo. The Inrs are necessary for full promoter activity because a mutant promoter lacking Inrs showed a 70% reduction in activity. UInr-lE also further suppressed the activity of a mutant promoter lacking Inrs. UInr-lE interacted with transcription factor II-I (TFII-I) and an unidentified nuclear protein. However, dominant-negative inhibition experiments using p70 indicated that TFII-I positively regulates LHR promoter activity through UInr-lE and Inrs, suggesting that TFII-I can compromise the suppression of promoter activity mediated by UInr-lE. UInr-lE also showed binding properties distinct from that of the upstream initiator-like suppressor element (upstream regulatory element: CACTCTCC) of rat and human dynorphin promoters. Transfection assays using mutated promoters indicate that the suppression of rLHR promoter activity could be regulated via specific interactions between UInr-lE and trans-acting factors.
Mol Endocrinol 2005 May
PMID:An upstream initiator-like element suppresses transcription of the rat luteinizing hormone receptor gene. 1567 13

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor with a critical role in promoting inflammation and cell survival, is constitutively activated in estrogen-receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer and is considered a potential therapeutic target for this type of neoplasia. We have previously demonstrated that cyclopentenone prostaglandins are potent inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation by inflammatory cytokines, mitogens, and viral infection, via direct binding and modification of the beta subunit of the IkappaB kinase complex (IKK). Herein, we describe the NF-kappaB-dependent anticancer activity of natural and synthetic cyclopentenone IKK inhibitors. We demonstrate that the natural cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) is a potent inhibitor of constitutive IkappaB-kinase and NF-kappaB activities in chemotherapy-resistant ER-negative breast cancer cells. 15d-PGJ(2)-induced inhibition of NF-kappaB function is rapidly followed by down-regulation of NF-kappaB-dependent antiapoptotic proteins cIAPs 1/2, Bcl-X(L), and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, leading to caspase activation and induction of apoptosis in breast cancer cells resistant to treatment with paclitaxel and doxorubicin. We then demonstrate that the cyclopentenone ring structure is responsible for these activities, and we identify a new synthetic cyclopentenone derivative, 3-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-5-(E)-iso-propylmethylenecyclopent-2-enone (CTC-35), as a potent NF-kappaB inhibitor with proapoptotic activity in ER-negative breast cancer cells. The results open new perspectives in the search for novel proapoptotic molecules effective in the treatment of cancers presenting aberrant NF-kappaB regulation.
Mol Pharmacol 2006 Nov
PMID:Induction of apoptosis in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells by natural and synthetic cyclopentenones: role of the IkappaB kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. 1690 99

A specific complex of 5 S rRNA and several ribosomal proteins is an integral part of ribosomes in all living organisms. Here we studied the importance of Escherichia coli genes rplE, rplR and rplY, encoding 5 S rRNA-binding ribosomal proteins L5, L18 and L25, respectively, for cell growth, viability and translation. Using recombineering to create gene replacements in the E. coli chromosome, it was shown that rplE and rplR are essential for cell viability, whereas cells deleted for rplY are viable, but grow noticeably slower than the parental strain. The slow growth of these L25-defective cells can be stimulated by a plasmid expressing the rplY gene and also by a plasmid bearing the gene for homologous to L25 general stress protein CTC from Bacillus subtilis. The rplY mutant ribosomes are physically normal and contain all ribosomal proteins except L25. The ribosomes from L25-defective and parental cells translate in vitro at the same rate either poly(U) or natural mRNA. The difference observed was that the mutant ribosomes synthesized less natural polypeptide, compared to wild-type ribosomes both in vivo and in vitro. We speculate that the defect is at the ribosome recycling step.
J Mol Biol 2007 Mar 02
PMID:Importance of the 5 S rRNA-binding ribosomal proteins for cell viability and translation in Escherichia coli. 1719 10

The eight basic modes of HPLC currently in use for peptide and protein analysis and purification are presented in this overview. They include: size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC), ion-exchange chromatography (HP-IEX), normal phase chromatography (HP-NPC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HP-HIC), reversed-phase chromatography (RP-HPLC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HP-HILIC), immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (HP-IMAC), and biospecific/biomimetic affinity chromatography (HP-BAC). In addition, some subsets of these chromatographic modes, e.g., mixed mode chromatography (HP-MMC), charge transfer chromatography (HP-CTC), or ligand-exchange chromatography (HP-LEC) are described. The unit includes overviews of the system requirements and planning strategies for set-up of the systems.
Curr Protoc Mol Biol 2001 May
PMID:HPLC of peptides and proteins: preparation and system set-up. 1826 52

The standard operating conditions for the eight basic modes of HPLC are presented in this unit. They include: size-exclusion chromatography (HP-SEC), ion-exchange chromatography (HP-IEX), normal phase chromatography (HP-NPC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HP-HIC), reversed-phase chromatography (RP-HPLC), hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HP-HILIC), immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (HP-IMAC), and biospecific/biomimetic affinity chromatography (HP-BAC). In addition, some subsets of these chromatographic modes, e.g., mixed mode chromatography (HP-MMC), charge transfer chromatography (HP-CTC), or ligand-exchange chromatography (HP-LEC) are described. Procedures for multimodal column switching are also included, as are guidelines for a systematic approach to method development. Example separations help illustrate the procedures. The standard operating conditions for the eight basic modes of HPLC are presented in this unit.
Curr Protoc Mol Biol 2001 May
PMID:HPLC of peptides and proteins: standard operating conditions. 1826 53

Alternate interactions between the H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and one of the two Igf2 differentially methylated regions has been proposed as a model regulating the reciprocal imprinting of Igf2 and H19. To study the conformation of this imprint switch, we performed a systematic structural analysis across the 140 kb of the mouse Igf2-H19 region, which includes enhancers located both between the two genes as well as downstream of H19, by using a scanning chromosome conformation capture (3C) technique. Our results suggest that on the active paternal Igf2 allele, the various enhancers have direct access to the Igf2 promoters, whereas the imprinted silent maternal Igf2 allele assumes a complex three-dimensional knotted loop that keeps the enhancers away from the Igf2 promoters and allows them to interact with the H19 promoter. This complex DNA looping of the maternal allele is formed by interactions involving differentially methylated region 1, the ICR, and enhancers. Binding of CTC-binding factor to the maternal, unmethylated ICR in conjunction with the presence of multicomplex components including interchromosomal interactions, create a barrier blocking the access of all enhancers to Igf2, thereby silencing the maternal Igf2. This silencing configuration exists in newborn liver, mouse embryonic fibroblast, and embryonic stem cells and persists during mitosis, conferring a mechanism for epigenetic memory.
Mol Endocrinol 2008 Jun
PMID:A complex deoxyribonucleic acid looping configuration associated with the silencing of the maternal Igf2 allele. 1835 89

Trinucleotide repeats are common within gene coding regions and could serve as beacons to locate genes. Five of the most common trinucleotide repeats in an Actinidia (kiwifruit) expressed sequence tag (EST) database were found to be (ACC)(4), (CAC)(4), (CCA)(4), (CTC)(4), and (TGG)(4). These repeats, with or without an artificial 5'-end tail, were tested by vectorette PCR against genomic DNA from Actinidia chinensis. Eighty-nine randomly selected clones showed an average insert size of 383 bp, with a maximum of 1,151 bp and a minimum of 78 bp. Two-thirds of the clones contained the artificial tail attached to the trinucleotide, showing a slight advantage of possessing such a tail during annealing and amplification. The sequences were searched against the Actinidia EST database and GenBank. Of the 89 clones, 33 had a significant hit (expect value < e(-15)). Twenty-four of those clones matched an Actinidia EST. Twenty-one clones contained one or more simple sequence repeats. This methodology can be applied by conventional cloning and sequencing methods or by high throughput pyrosequencing technologies to develop genetic markers and also for gene mining in species with little or no genetic/genomic resources.
Mol Biotechnol 2009 Jul
PMID:Trinucleotide repeats as bait for vectorette PCR: a tool for developing genetic mapping markers. 1927 11

A subset of protein misfolding diseases, including, for example, Alzheimer's disease, is associated with the formation of highly insoluble amyloid fibrils with a beta-sheet structure. The amyloidogenic human lung surfactant protein C (SP-C) is generated from SP-C precursor, which has a C-terminal domain (CTC) that prevents SP-C amyloid fibril formation. Analysis of the substrate specificity of CTC reveals that it binds to all amino acid residues that promote membrane insertion, provided that they are in a nonhelical conformation. In line with this unexpectedly general substrate specificity, the anti-amyloid function of CTC extends to a transmembrane segment other than that of (pro)SP-C, namely, the amyloid beta-peptide associated with Alzheimer's disease. These findings indicate that CTC is the first known chaperone to be directed towards nonhelical transmembrane segments and that it may be employed for the development of new diagnostics or anti-amyloid therapies.
J Mol Biol 2009 Jun 05
PMID:Preventing amyloid formation by catching unfolded transmembrane segments. 1937 31

A completely negative enrichment technology was used to detect circulating tumor cells, CTCs, in the peripheral blood of head and neck cancer patients. Of 32 blood samples, 63% contained CTCs and the number of CTCs identified per mL of blood collected ranged from 0 to 214. The final purity ranged from 1 CTC in 9 total cells to 1 CTC in 20,000 total cells, the final purity being both a function of the number of CTCs and the performance of the specific enrichment. Consistent with previous reports, CTC were positively identified if: (1) they contained a nucleus based on DAPI stain, (2) stained positive for cytokeratins, and (3) have a high nuclei to cytoplasmic ratio. In addition, for a blood sample to be considered positive for CTCs, the enriched sample must be positive for epithelial growth factor receptor, EGFR, as measured by RT-PCR. While most of the blood samples were obtained during surgery, a number were taken prior to and during surgery. In all of the pre- and postsurgery paired samples, significant numbers of CTCs were detected. A number of these enriched samples were observed under confocal microscope in addition to the microscopic observations under traditional wide-field fluorescent microscope. As expected, the FITC stained cytokeratins appeared in the cytoplasm and the average size of these positively stained cells, on the cytospin, was in the range of 8-12 mum. Future studies will involve the investigation if cancer stem cell and mesenchymal markers are present on these CTCs and correlations of patient outcome to the number and type of CTC present.
Mol Pharm
PMID:Confocal images of circulating tumor cells obtained using a methodology and technology that removes normal cells. 1944 81

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) can be combined with a number of staining techniques to reveal the relationships between the microorganisms and their function in complex microbial systems with a single-cell resolution. In this chapter, we have focused on staining methods for intracellular storage compounds (polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyphosphate) and a measure for cell viability, reduction of the tetrazolium-based redox stain CTC. These protocols are optimized for the study of microorganisms in waste-water treatment (activated sludge and biofilms), but they may also be used with minor modifications in many other ecosystems.
Methods Mol Biol 2010
PMID:Combination of fluorescence in situ hybridization with staining techniques for cell viability and accumulation of PHA and polyP in microorganisms in complex microbial systems. 1988 82


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