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In a previous study, we found that secretagogue-stimulated electrolyte secretion was attenuated by dietary and serosal zinc in piglet small intestinal epithelium in Ussing chambers. Several studies show that the enteric nervous system (ENS) is involved in regulation of electrolyte and/or fluid transport in intestinal epithelium from many species. The aim of the present study is to examine the mechanisms behind the attenuating effect of zinc on electrolyte secretion and to study whether the ENS is involved in this effect of zinc in vitro. Twenty-four piglets (six litters of four piglets) were allocated randomly to one of two dietary treatments consisting of a basic diet supplemented with 100 mg zinc/kg (Zn(100)) or 2500 mg zinc/kg (Zn(2500)), as ZnO. All the piglets were killed at 5-6 days after weaning and in vitro experiments with small intestinal epithelium in Ussing chambers were carried out. Furthermore, zinc, copper, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and metallothionein (MT) in mucosa, liver, and plasma were measured. These measurements showed that zinc status was increased in the Zn(2500) compared to the Zn(100) fed piglets. The in vitro studies did not confirm previous findings of attenuating effects of dietary zinc and zinc in vitro on the 5-HT induced secretion. But it showed that the addition of zinc at the serosal side attenuated the forskolin (FSK) (cAMP-dependent) induced ion secretion in epithelium from piglets fed with Zn(100) diet. Blocking the ENS with lidocaine or hexamethonium apparently slightly reduced this effect of zinc in vitro, but did not remove the effect of zinc. Consequently, it is suggested that zinc attenuates the cAMP dependent ion secretion mainly due to an effect on epithelial cells rather than affecting the mucosal neuronal pathway.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006 Nov
PMID:Zinc attenuates forskolin-stimulated electrolyte secretion without involvement of the enteric nervous system in small intestinal epithelium from weaned piglets. 1696 49

Effect of In, Al and Sn dopants on the optical and structural properties of ZnO thin films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction technique and optical characterization method. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that the films have polycrystalline nature. The thin films have (002) as the preferred orientation. This (002) preferred orientation is due to the minimal surface energy which the hexagonal structure, c-plane to the ZnO crystallites, corresponds to the densest packed plane. The grain size values of the films are found to be 29.0, 35.2 and 39.5 nm for In, Al and Sn doped ZnO thin films, respectively. The optical band gaps of the films were calculated. The absorption edge shifts to the lower wavelengths with In, Al and Sn dopants. The inclusion of dopant into films expands also width of localized states as E(UIn)>E(UAl)>E(USn). The refractive index dispersion curves obey the single oscillator model. The dispersion parameters and optical constants of the films were determined. These parameters changed with In, Al and Sn dopants.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2007 Jul
PMID:Effects of In, Al and Sn dopants on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films. 1708 96

This study addressed the mechanisms by which dietary zinc affects diarrhoea and aimed to study possible interactions between zinc status and the presence of zinc in vitro on secretagogue-induced secretion from piglet intestinal epithelium in Ussing chambers. In addition, it was studied from which side of the epithelium zinc would perform an effect and if copper caused similar effects. Twenty-four piglets (28 days of age) were weaned and fed diets containing 100 or 2500 mg zinc/kg (as ZnO) for 5 or 6 days (12 piglets per group). Intestinal epithelium underwent the following 5 treatments: zinc at the mucosal side (M(Zn)), zinc at the serosal side (S(Zn)), zinc at both sides (MS(Zn)), copper at both sides (MS(Cu)) or water at both sides (control). Provoked secretion in terms of short circuit responses to serotonin (5-HT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were measured. Zinc at the serosal or both sides of the epithelium reduced the 5-HT induced secretion (P<0.001); however, due to interactions (P=0.05) the effect of zinc in vitro was only present in the ZnO(100) group. The secretion caused by VIP was not affected by the diet (P=0.33), but zinc at the serosal side or both sides reduced the response to VIP (P<0.001). Copper reduced the 5-HT and VIP induced secretion to a larger extent than zinc. However, copper also disturbed intestinal barrier function as demonstrated by increased transepithelial conductance and increased short circuit current, which was unaffected by zinc. In conclusion, zinc at the serosal side of piglet small intestinal epithelium attenuated 5-HT and VIP induced secretion in vitro. These in vitro studies indicate that in vivo there will be no positive acute effect of increasing luminal Zn concentration on secretagogue-induced chloride secretion and that zinc status at the serosal side of the epithelium has to be increased to reduce secretagogue-induced chloride secretion and thereby diarrhoea.
Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2008 Jan
PMID:Serosal zinc attenuate serotonin and vasoactive intestinal peptide induced secretion in piglet small intestinal epithelium in vitro. 1799 16

In this work, a full ligand-field energy matrix (45 x 45) diagonalization treatment for 3d(2) ions in trigonal symmetry C(3v) is performed on the basis of a central metal ion-ligand covalency model including the ligand spin-orbit (SO) coupling. Optical fine structure and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of ZnO:V(3+) are uniformly explained.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008 Dec 01
PMID:Ligand-field treatment for the optical and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of ZnO:V(3+). 1840 55

ZnO films with preferred orientation along the (0 0 2) plane were successfully deposited by the sol-gel method using Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O as starting material and inorganic precursor. A homogeneous and stable solution was prepared by dissolving the zinc acetate in a solution of ethanol and monoethanolamine. Thin films are obtained by spin-coating on glass substrates. ZnO films were obtained by preheating the spin-coated films at 300 degrees C for 10 min after each coating and postheating upto 550 degrees C for 2h. The as-deposited films are transformed into mono-oriented ZnO upon thermal treatment. The films consist of spongy particles aggregates with an uniform size and homogenous surface. The films aim to be used in optoelectronic devices. Raman spectroscopy from ZnO films and deposit solutions has been investigated. New Raman results of the deposit solution suggest that Zn-O bond forms first in solution and that these entities play the role of germs initiating the crystallization mechanisms during films annealing. Raman spectra of the annealed films show the presence of a compressive stress within the film structure.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008 Dec 15
PMID:Raman study of oriented ZnO thin films deposited by sol-gel method. 1848 9

The spin Hamiltonian parameters (the g factors and the hyperfine structure constants) and local structure for ZnO:Cu2+ are theoretically studied from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d9 ion under trigonally distorted tetrahedra. The ligand orbital and spin-orbit coupling contributions are taken into account from the cluster approach due to the significant covalency of the [CuO4](6-) cluster. According to the investigations, the impurity Cu2+ is suggested not to locate on the ideal Zn2+ site in ZnO but to undergo a slight outward displacement (approximately 0.01 angstroms) away from the ligand triangle along C3 axis. The calculated spin Hamiltonian parameters are in good agreement with the observed values. The validity of the above impurity displacement is also discussed.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2008 Dec 15
PMID:Studies of the spin Hamiltonian parameters and local structure for ZnO:Cu2+. 1851 35

Zinc-phthalocyanine with tyrosine substituent (ZnPcTyro) was attached to different nanocrystalline semiconductors (SnO(2) and ZnO) via carboxylic acid group, the interaction of zinc-phthalocyanine with colloidal ZnO and SnO(2) was studied by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The apparent association constant for the association between ZnPcTyro and SnO(2)/ZnO is ranged from (3.7+/-0.2)x10(5)M(-1) to (6.7+/-0.2)x10(4)M(-1) with a degree of association ranged from 85% to 95%. The presence of the tyrosine group in ZnPcTyro affects solubility of the dye and affects the aggregation behavior of the dye. Anchoring of the dye complex to the nanocrystalline semiconductors enables ultrafast injection of electrons from the excited state into the conduction band of semiconductors. Maximum incident photon-to-current conversion of 0.84-1% at 600 nm and photon-to-current conversion efficiency of around 37% and 43% was obtained for ZnPc-sensitized-SnO(2) and ZnPc-sensitized-ZnO.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009 Apr
PMID:Photosensitization of SnO(2)/ZnO semiconductors with zinc-phthalocyanine. 1912 7

High-density ZnO nanorods of 60-80 nm in diameter and 500-700 nm in length grown on the silver-coated tip of a borosilicate glass capillary (0.7 mum in diameter) demonstrate a remarkable linear response to proton H(3)O(+) concentrations in solution. These nanorods were used to create a highly sensitive pH sensor for monitoring in vivo biological process within single cells. The ZnO nanorods exhibit a pH-dependent electrochemical potential difference versus an Ag/AgCl microelectrode. The potential difference was linear over a large dynamic range (pH, 4-11) and had a sensitivity equal to 51.88 mV/pH at 22 degrees C, which could be understood in terms of changes in surface charge during protonation and deprotonation. Vertically grown nanoelectrodes of this type can be smoothly and gently applied to penetrate a single living cell without causing cell apoptosis.
Methods Mol Biol 2009
PMID:ZnO nanorods as an intracellular sensor for pH measurements. 1948 1

Cobalt doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared through simple wet chemical method. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the prepared particles are in wurtzite structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy studies show the shape and morphology of the particles. To identify the presence of cobalt in ZnO, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis was done. Optical absorption measurements show the presence of exciton peak at 375 nm. Photoluminescence studies were done with the excitation wavelength of 330 nm, which shows the emission because of exciton recombination and oxygen vacancy.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009 Sep 15
PMID:Simple synthesis and spectroscopic studies on cobalt added ZnO nanocrystals. 1954 25

The adsorption of the diazo dye Direct Red 23 onto a zinc oxide surface at 30 degrees C in the dark was investigated. The color reduction was monitored by spectrophotometry at 503 nm. The FTIR and Raman spectra of the Direct Red 23 adsorption as a function of ZnO concentration were registered. From the PM3 semi-empirical calculations of the atomic charge density and dipole moment of the Direct Red 23 molecule, it was demonstrated that the azo dye molecule may be adsorbed onto the ZnO surface through molecule geometry modifications, enhancing the interfacial area causing a variation in the bonding frequencies.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010 Jan
PMID:Adsorption of the diazo dye Direct Red 23 onto a zinc oxide surface: a spectroscopic study. 1994 38


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