Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plants respond to pathogen attack by induction of various defence responses, including the biosynthesis of protective secondary metabolites. In Catharanthus roseus, the elicitor-induced expression of the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic gene Strictosidine synthase (Str) is mediated via the plant stress hormonejasmonate. In the promoters of several defence-related genes, cis-acting elements have been identified that are important for transcriptional regulation upon stress signals. Here we show that an upstream region in the Str promoter confers responsiveness to partially purified yeast elicitor and jasmonate. Yeast one-hybrid screening with this element as a bait identified a MYB-like protein, which shows high homology to parsley box P-binding factor-1 (PcBPF-1). In vitro analyses showed that the Str promoter fragment contained a novel binding site for BPF-1-like proteins with higher binding affinity than the previously described box P. CrBPF-1 mRNA accumulated rapidly in elicitor-treated C. roseus suspension cells, whereas no induction was observed with jasmonate. Inhibitor studies indicated that CrBPF-1 plays a role in an elicitor-responsive but jasmonate-independent signal transduction pathway, acting downstream of protein phosphorylation and calcium influx.
Plant Mol Biol 2000 Nov
PMID:A Catharanthus roseus BPF-1 homologue interacts with an elicitor-responsive region of the secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene Str and is induced by elicitor via a JA-independent signal transduction pathway. 1119 27

Proteins are often characterized by the presence of multiple domains, which make specific contributions to their cellular function. While the gain of domains in proteins by duplication and shuffling is well established, domain loss is poorly documented. Here, we provide evidence that domain loss has played an important role in the evolution of protein architecture and function by demonstrating that fungal Zuotin proteins evolved from MIDA1-like proteins, present in animals and plants, by complete loss of the carboxyl-terminal MYB domains. Phylogenetic analyses of the DnaJ motif (the J domain) present in both Zuotin and MIDA1 proteins were complicated by the limited length and profound differences in evolutionary rates exhibited by this domain. To rigorously examine J domain phylogeny, we combined the nonparametric bootstrap with Monte Carlo simulation. This method, which we have designated the resampled parametric bootstrap, allowed us to assess type I and type II error associated with these analyses. These results revealed significant support for domain loss rather than domain gain or gene loss involving paralogs. The absence of sequences related to the MIDA1 MYB domains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae further indicates that the domains have been completely lost, consistent with known functional differences between Zuotin and MIDA1 proteins. These analyses suggest that the description of additional examples of complete domain loss may provide a method to identify orthologous proteins exhibiting functional differences using genomic sequence data.
Mol Biol Evol 2001 Jul
PMID:Fungal Zuotin proteins evolved from MIDA1-like factors by lineage-specific loss of MYB domains. 1142 Mar 78

GLABROUS1 (GL1) belongs to the large family of MYB transcription factors and is known to play a central role in trichome initiation. We studied trichome distribution and the molecular variation of GL1 in 28 A. thaliana accessions. Trichome density on rosette leaves was highly variable among those accessions. On the molecular level, we detected substantial sequence variation in a 3-kb fragment which included the complete coding region of the GL1 locus (pi = 0.01). Phylogenetic analysis of GL1 indicates the presence of two diverged clades among 28 accessions. Using ANOVA, we show that the phenotypic variation in trichome density cannot be explained by the sequence divergence between the two phylogenetic lineages. Sequence analysis of wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis lyrata accessions indicates that all amino acid substitutions are located outside of the conserved helix-turn-helix DNA-binding domains R2 and R3. Using plants of A. thaliana and A. lyrata with either naturally occurring or ethyl methane sulfonate--induced glabrous phenotypes, we demonstrate that the last 14 C-terminal amino acids of the GL1 gene have no major impact on the initiation of trichomes.
Mol Biol Evol 2001 Sep
PMID:Trichome distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana and its close relative Arabidopsis lyrata: molecular analysis of the candidate gene GLABROUS1. 1150 55

R2R3-MYB transcription factors have been implicated in a diversity of plant-specific processes. Among the functions attributed to myb factors is the determination of cell shape, including regulation of trichome length and density. Because myb transcription factors are likely to play a role in cotton fiber development, the molecular evolutionary properties of six MYB genes previously shown to be expressed in cotton fiber initiation were examined. In accordance with their presumed central role, each of the genes display conservative substitution patterns and limited sequence divergence in diploid members of the genus Gossypium, and this pattern is conserved in allotetraploid cottons. In contrast to highly reiterated rDNA repeats, GhMYB homologues (duplicated gene pairs) exhibit no evidence of concerted evolution, but instead appear to evolve independently in the allopolyploid nucleus. Expression patterns for the MYB genes were examined in several organs to determine if there have been changes in expression patterns between the diploids (G. raimondii and G. arboreum) and the tetraploid (G. hirsutum) or between the duplicated copies in the tetraploid. Spatial and temporal expression patterns appear to have been evolutionarily conserved, both during divergence of the diploid parents of allopolyploid cotton and following polyploid formation. However, the duplicated copies of MYB1 in the tetraploid are not expressed at equal levels or equivalently in all organs, suggesting possible functional differentiation.
Plant Mol Biol 2003 Feb
PMID:Evolution and expression of MYB genes in diploid and polyploid cotton. 1260 63

cDNA fragments representing 21 R2R3-MYB genes were isolated by RT-PCR from the Dendrobium orchid hybrid Woo Leng. Six full-length cDNA clones were obtained from a flower cDNA library, four of which, DwMYB1, DwMYB2, DwMYB8 and DwMYB10, represent typical plant R2R3-MYB genes. The conceptual DwMYB4 protein is truncated at the C-terminal region and contains the R2 repeat and the N-terminal half of the R3 repeat (R2R3'). DwMYB4 expression is restricted to flowers. DwMYB9 contains an 8 amino acid N-terminal deletion in the R2 repeat (R2'R3) and is expressed at high levels in mature flower and inflorescence, but at very low levels in young flower buds. DwMYB8 and DwMYB10 show similar expression patterns and share very high sequence similarity in the N-terminal part of the MYB domain. Analysis of amino acid substitution indicated that the pattern and type of substitution between Arabidopsis and maize are quite different. Maize may have more conserved substitution in the MYB(BRH) domain than Arabidopsis.
Plant Mol Biol 2003 Apr
PMID:Characterization, expression and phylogenetic study of R2R3-MYB genes in orchid. 1277 54

PCR amplification with degenerate primers targeted to highly conserved amino acid motifs within the MYB domain was used to demonstrate that black spruce (Picea mariana) possesses a diverse MYB gene family. Amino acid sequence comparisons revealed three broad MYB subfamilies, one of which shares extensive similarity with maize C1, a central regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. A cDNA clone encoding a MYBR2R3 protein from P. mariana with high levels of sequence homology to maize C1 was shown to transactivate the Bz2 promoter in combination with maize R in embryonal tissues of both black spruce and larch. Functional dependence on the maize R protein, and the presence of a conserved C-terminal GIDPxTH motif, support the conservation of MYBR2R3 function in conifers, and demonstrate that the basic components of MYBR2R3-dependent transcriptional regulation have been conserved between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Mol Genet Genomics 2003 Oct
PMID:Characterization of a MYBR2R3 gene from black spruce (Picea mariana) that shares functional conservation with maize C1. 1292 May 76

It has been suggested that evolutionary changes in regulatory genes may be the predominant molecular mechanism governing both physiological and morphological evolution. R2R3-AtMYB is one of the largest transcription factor gene families in Arabidopsis. Using inferred ancestral sequences we show that several lineages in the R2R3-AtMYB phylogeny experienced excess non-synonymous nucleotide substitution upon gene duplication, indicating episodes of positive selection driving adaptive shifts early in the evolution of this gene family. A noise reduction technique was then used to determine individual sites in DNA-binding domains (R2 domain and R3 domain) of R2R3-AtMYB protein sequence that were favored by frequent non-synonymous substitutions. The analyses reveal that the first helix (helix1) and the second helix (helix2) in both R2 and R3 domains are characterized by more frequent non-synonymous substitutions, and thus experienced significantly higher positive selection pressure than the third helix (helix3) in both domains. Previous MYB protein structure studies have suggested that helix1 and helix2 in both R2 and R3 domains are involved in the characteristic packing of R2R3-AtMYB DNA-binding domains. This suggests that excess non-synonymous substitutions in these helices could have resulted in MYB recognition of novel gene target sites.
Plant Mol Biol 2003 Jun
PMID:Excess non-synonymous substitutions suggest that positive selection episodes occurred during the evolution of DNA-binding domains in the Arabidopsis R2R3-MYB gene family. 1295 32

Protein array technology has emerged as a new tool to enable ordered screening of proteins for expression and molecular interactions in high throughput. Besides classical solid-phase substrates, such as micro-titre plates and membrane filters, protein arrays have recently been devised with chip-sized supports. Several applications on protein chips have been described, but to our knowledge no studies using plant protein chips were published so far. The aim of this study was to generate Arabidopsis protein chips and to demonstrate the feasibility of the protein chip technology for the investigation of antigen-antibody interactions. Therefore, Arabidopsis cDNAs encoding 95 different proteins were cloned into a GATEWAY-compatible Escherichia coli expression vector. RGS-His6-tagged recombinant proteins were purified in high throughput and robotically arrayed onto glass slides coated either with a nitrocellulose based polymer (FAST slides) or polyacrylamide (PAA slides). Using an anti-RGS-His6 antibody all proteins were detected on the chips. The detection limit was ca. 2-3.6 fmol per spot on FAST slides or 0.1-1.8 fmol per spot on PAA slides. The Arabidopsis protein chips were used for the characterisation of monoclonal antibodies or polyclonal sera. We were able to show that a monoclonal anti-TCP1 antibody and anti-MYB6 and anti-DOF11 sera bound specifically to their respective antigens and did not cross-react with the other 94 proteins including other DOF and MYB transcription factors on the chips. To enable screening of antibodies or other interacting molecules against thousands of Arabidopsis proteins in future, we generated an ordered cDNA expression library and started with high-throughput cloning of full-length cDNAs with GATEWAY technology.
Plant Mol Biol 2003 Jul
PMID:Generation of Arabidopsis protein chips for antibody and serum screening. 1455 60

Plant R2R3-MYB transcription factors are encoded by more than 100 copies of genes. In this study, we attempted to isolate some members of the R2R3-MYB superfamily involved in regulation of nitrogen fixation in legumes. A library of 300 recombinant plasmid clones containing the R2R3-MYB fragments of the superfamily was screened by differential hybridization to isolate R2R3-MYB genes whose expression was up-regulated under nitrogen nutrient-limited conditions. Two groups of clones were identified, each of which seemed to represent a gene responsive to nitrogen starvation. The entire coding regions for the genes were further isolated by PCR and were designated LjMYB101 and LjMYB102. By screening a genomic library of Lotus japonicus with a probe derived from LjMYB101, the third gene, LjMYB103, was isolated. In addition, a candidate for the soybean orthologue of LjMYB101 was isolated and designated GmMYB101. Sequence alignment of the genes with members of the plant R2R3-MYB superfamily showed that they all belonged to the subgroup 10 of the superfamily. The expression analysis of the genes showed that the organ-specific and nitrate-regulated expression profile of MYB101 was very similar to that of CHS in Lotus as well as in soybean, suggesting a possible role for MYB101 in regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in response to nitrate starvation. On the other hand, an interesting relationship, in structure and function, was found between LjMYB101 and LjGln1, suggesting an alternative role for MYB101 in regulation of nitrogen metabolism.
Plant Mol Biol 2003 Sep
PMID:Isolation of a subfamily of genes for R2R3-MYB transcription factors showing up-regulated expression under nitrogen nutrient-limited conditions. 1475 20

MYB-related proteins play a key role in regulating the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in plants at the transcriptional level. An MYB gene designated c1-I-2K1 (GenBank accession no. AY237128) was cloned from maize line "2K1 purple," and except for a deletion of nine nucleotides encoding three amino acids right at the carboxyl terminal end of the encoded protein, it was identical to the previously characterized c1-I gene. Flowers of transgenic tobacco overexpressing this c1-I allele showed severe reduction in pigmentation, whereas the pigmentation patterns of flowers of tobacco transformed with both c1-I-2K1 and R homologue gene r-2K1 showed no obvious change. Thus, this c1-I allele appears to act as a repressor in pigment formation and function through titration of a bHLH factor.
Mol Biotechnol 2004 Mar
PMID:Ectopic expression of a c1-I allele from maize inhibits pigment formation in the flower of transgenic tobacco. 1500 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>