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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Total renal blood flow and its cortical distribution were measured by the radioactive microsphere technique in conscious rabbits and after anaethesia with pentobarbitone, chloralose-urethane or ether. 2. Pentobarbitone anaesthesia caused a fall of 26% in total renal blood flow, of 26% in superficial cortical flow, and of 24% in deep cortical flow. Sodium excretion rate fell by 33%. 3. Chloralose-urethane anaesthesia caused no change in total or regional renal blood flow, or in sodium excretion. 4. Ether anaesthesia caused an insignificant fall in total renal blood flow, but superficial cortical flow fell by 13% and deep cortical flow rose by 21%. Urinary sodium excretion fell by 65%. 5. Possible mechanisms for these changes in response to anaesthesia are discussed. 6. The effects of anaesthetic agents may influence the interpretation of published work on control mechanisms in the renal circulation.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1975 Jan
PMID:Renal circulatory responses to general anaesthesia in the rabbit: studies using radioactive microspheres. 111 81

1. The inactivation of noradrenaline and prostaglandin E2 was studied in the pulmonary circulation of anaesthetized dogs. 2. Under chloralose anaesthesia and ventilation with air, the inactivation of noradrenaline was 20% and that of prostaglandin E2 was 91%. These values are in agreement with results from previous work. 3. When the dogs were ventilated with halothane-air mixtures, the inactivation of prostaglandin E2 was unaffected but that of noradrenaline was significantly reduced. 4. This effect of halothane is probably due to an interaction with the transport system for noradrenaline associated with cell membranes. 5. Analogous changes in pulmonary noradrenaline inactivation could occur in patients anaesthetized with halothane.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Jan
PMID:Effects of halothane on pulmonary inactivation of noradrenaline and prostaglandin E2 in anaesthetized dogs. 124 7

1. Strains of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats were selected by repeated inbreeding. 2. Brief ether anesthesia was shown to produce a two- to three-fold increase in plasma renin activity in both strains. 3. Plasma renin activity was significantly higher in young spontaneously hypertensive than in normotensive rats of the same age (5-7 weeks). After the ninth week plasma renin activity decreased and, at week 45, became significantly lower in hypertensive than in normotensive rats. 4. When hypertension was established a significant inverse relationship was found between plasma renin activity and systolic blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive and in normotensive rats. 5. It seems unlikely that the renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in the maintenance of the established spontaneous hypertension in this strain. However, renin hypersecretion may be important in the early pre-hypertensive stage of genetic hypertension in rats.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Feb
PMID:Plasma renin activity as a function of age in two new strains of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. 125 23

1. The disappearance from blood of either 125I-labelled bovine insulin or unlabelled rat insulin after a single intravenous injection has been studied in rats. 2. The disappearance of the labelled insulin was slower than that of native insulin. 3. Ether anaesthesia produced a significant impairment, and bilateral nephrectomy a very marked impairment, of disappearance of the labelled insulin, suggesting that changes in the removal of this tracer may nevertheless parallel changes in the metabolism of native insulin. 4. Simultaneous intravenous injection of unlabelled bovine insulin (1 unit/kg) did not affect disappearance of the labelled insulin. 5. A 20% full-thickness scald injury, produced 2 h previously, had no significant effect on disappearance of the labelled insulin, either with or without the simultaneous administration of unlabelled bovine insulin. 6. The disappearance of unlabelled rat insulin from plasma was also similar in control and scalded rats. 7. It was concluded that the half-life of plasma insulin in the rat, as estimated by either of the techniques used, is not significantly affected by this severe non-haemorrhagic injury.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 May
PMID:Disappearance of 125I-labelled and unlabelled insulins from blood in normal and injured rats. 127 46

1. The effect of breathing an anaesthetic aerosol of 5% bupivacaine hydrochloride has been assessed in dog and man. 2. In the dog, the cough reflex was abolished and the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex severely impaired or abolished; breathing became slower and deeper; no pathological changes were found in the lungs of these dogs. 3. In man, no untoward effects resulted from a 10 min period of aerosol inhalation; there were no systematic effects on airway resistance or lung volumes and the cough reflex in response to either tactile or chemical (citric acid aerosol) stimulation was invariably abolished. The Hering-Breuer inflation reflex was impaired, but this was not associated with any change in resting ventilation. The Ve/CO2 response was enhanced after aerosol anaesthesia; subjects felt an exaggerated dyspnoea. The aerosol anaesthesia abolished the afferent pathway of a reflexly elicited bronchoconstriction in one subject. There was no effect on the ability to hold the breath, or on the quality of the associated sensation. 4. Control aerosols of sodium chloride solution or phosphate buffer produced no effects. Control experiments with intravenous infusions of bupivacaine proved that none of the effects could have been produced by systemic effects of the absorbed anaesthetic. 5. Plasma concentrations of bupivacaine in man did not exceed a recognized toxic level. The experiments demonstrate a safe reversible anaesthesia of the airways in man lasting for a period of 10-20 min.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Jun
PMID:The effect of anaesthesia of the airway in dog and man: a study of respiratory reflexes, sensations and lung mechanics. 127 53

Messenger RNA encoding the immediate early genes (IEGs) c-fos and NGFI-A was localized by in situ hybridization of specific 35S-labelled oligonucleotides to detect activated neurones in the medulla oblongata following unilateral electrical stimulation of the vagus (nX) and aortic depressor nerve (ADN), and following mechanical stimulation of the left carotid sinus (CS). In electrically stimulated rats, c-fos and NGFI-A mRNA was strongly expressed in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) (predominantly ipsilaterally), area postrema (AP) and in a dorsal subregion of the paratrigeminal nucleus (PTN). Lower levels of c-fos and NGFI-A mRNA were seen in the ipsilateral NTS and PTN following mechanical stimulation of the left CS. In general these data correlate with the topography of innervation by the different nerve afferents, although the expression in the PTN (and in some cases the AP) would not be predicted on the basis of neuronal innervation patterns reported for the rat. Expression of these IEGs also occurred in the rostral and caudal ventrolateral medulla and inferior olive of both stimulated and sham-operated rats; presumably due to effects of the anaesthesia and surgical procedures. In conclusion the localization of the expression of c-fos and NGFI-A mRNAs represents a useful neuroanatomical technique for detecting the cell bodies of neurones that are activated by cardiovascular nerve afferents and should allow the further characterization of the neurochemical identity of these neurones.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 May
PMID:Expression of c-fos and NGFI-A messenger RNA in the medulla oblongata of the anaesthetized rat following stimulation of vagal and cardiovascular afferents. 132 Jul 20

Hypogonadal (hpg) mutant mice, with a congenital deficiency of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and testicular feminized (tfm) mice, which lack a functional androgen receptor, were used to study the effects of the potent GnRH agonist 'Zoladex' (ICI 118630; D-Ser (Bu(t))6, Azgly10-GnRH) on pituitary and gonadal function. Zoladex (0.5 mg) in a sustained-release lactide-glycolide copolymer depot was administered subcutaneously under anaesthesia and was left in place for 7 days, after which time the effects of the drug upon pituitary and serum gonadotrophin concentrations, glycoprotein hormone subunit mRNAs and testicular morphology were investigated. At the pituitary level, Zoladex treatment resulted in a substantial reduction in LH content in normal males, and LH content was depressed in hpg mice even below the basal levels normally found in these mutants. Pituitary LH content in the Zoladex-treated animals was depressed in the tfm groups, but not to the same levels as those found in the normal and castrated normal mice. Zoladex treatment at the time of castration prevented the post-operative elevation in serum LH associated with castration alone. In the androgen-deficient tfm mouse, Zoladex did not depress the normally elevated serum LH levels. Serum LH in the hpg animals was, in all cases, below the limit of detection of the assay. Pituitary FSH content was depressed into the hpg range in both the normal and castrated animals, but there was no further depression in the hpg mice. The pituitary content was reduced in the tfm mice, again the effects not being as dramatic as in the normal and castrated animals. Serum FSH content, as measured by radioimmunoassay, was depressed by 50% in normal mice; there was no reduction in the hpg mice, however. With regard to pituitary gonadotrophic hormone gene expression, Zoladex administration to normal mice caused a dramatic reduction in LH beta mRNA content, to a level approximating that found in untreated hpg mice. The drug also depressed LH beta mRNA in the castrated group to the hpg range when given at the time of castration, whereas in untreated castrated mice there was a significant increase in LH beta mRNA. In the tfm mouse, which can be considered as a model for long-term failure of androgen feedback, Zoladex again induced a fall in LH beta mRNA, but not to the same extent as in the normal and normal castrated group. Zoladex had no effect on the already low levels of LH beta mRNA found in hpg mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
J Mol Endocrinol 1992 Jun
PMID:Effects of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist 'Zoladex' upon pituitary and gonadal function in hypogonadal (hpg) male mice: a comparison with normal male and testicular feminized (tfm) mice. 138 60

Quantitative in situ hybridization was used to measure corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and proenkephalin A mRNA in the medial parvocellular paraventricular nucleus (PVN) 4 h after test procedures. Urethane anaesthesia alone resulted in a significant increase in both CRH and proenkephalin transcripts. The additional stimulus of i.p. hypertonic saline, however, resulted in a further significant increase in both mRNA species. Female rats were given intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion for 5 days of either morphine sulphate to induce tolerance and dependence, or vehicle, via a subcutaneous osmotic minipump implanted under ether anaesthesia. The rats were then anaesthetized with urethane, fitted with an intravenous cannula for injections and 65 min later either naloxone (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected. Naloxone alone in the i.c.v. vehicle rats had no effect on CRH or proenkephalin A mRNA. In i.c.v. morphine-infused rats proenkephalin a mRNA in the PVN was significantly less than in controls. Naloxone given to i.c.v. morphine-infused rats resulted in a doubling of hybridization to proenkephalin mRNA in the PVN which was significantly greater than that seen in the i.c.v. vehicle group. CRH mRNA in the PVN was not altered either by naloxone in control rats, or by chronic i.c.v. morphine infusion. By contrast, naloxone did increase CRH mRNA by ca. 40% in morphine-infused rats. The results show that stress-induced increases in CRH and enkephalin mRNAs in the PVN do not require conscious appreciation of the stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1991 Mar
PMID:Rapid changes in the content of proenkephalin A and corticotrophin releasing hormone mRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus during morphine withdrawal in urethane-anaesthetized rats. 164 31

We studied the effects of steroid hormones on the hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a putative mechanism of neuronal plasticity and memory storage in the CNS. In vivo experiments were performed in rats under chloral hydrate anesthesia (0.4 mg/kg i.p.). All animals were adrenalectomized 48 h before recording. LTP was induced after priming tetanic stimulation at the perforant pathway (PP) and single pulse field potentials were obtained from the dentate gyrus (DG). The excitatory post-synaptic potential (EPSP) slope and population spike (PS) amplitude were analyzed before and after the i.v. injection of the steroids and after the induction of LTP, and followed up to 1 h. Results obtained with the hormones were compared with matched control animals injected with vehicle alone, Nutralipid 10%. Previous results from our laboratory showed that deoxycorticosterone (DOC) decreased the magnitude of the EPSP at all times after priming stimulation and the PS decreased during the first 30 min of the LTP. Corticosterone decreased the EPSP in the first 15 min and the PS during the first 30 min after priming stimuli. In these experiments the mineralocorticoids aldosterone and 18-OH-DOC elicited a decrease of the EPSP at all times post-train; and no significant difference against vehicle was observed in the PS. Post-injection values were not changed except for 18-OH-DOC at a dose of 1 mg, where a decrease of both the EPSP (P less than 0.01) and the PS (P less than 0.02) was observed against vehicle. ATH-progesterone at 0.1 mg/rat also decreased the EPSP values significantly after priming stimulation and no significant changes against vehicle were observed in the PS. These results show that adrenal steroids can modulate hippocampal LTP, that they can act at different neuronal loci and with different time courses in the development of the phenomena.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1991
PMID:Effects of adrenal steroids and their reduced metabolites on hippocampal long-term potentiation. 195 50

Endothelial characteristics and the macrophage foam cell nature of early naturally occurring lesions in the aorta and coronaries of the pigeon have been well characterized. However, the characteristics of pigeon atherosclerosis at other vascular sites have not been extensively studied. The present study was designed to compare atherosclerosis in the brachiocephalic artery with that in the coronaries and aorta. Forty-six White Carneau (WC) pigeons (26 female, 20 male) ranging in age from 2.5 to 7 years were necropsied after fixation under deep anesthesia by perfusion at 160 mm Hg with buffered glutaraldehyde. Arteries stained with Sudan IV for gross evaluation were subsequently processed for SEM and TEM. The occurrence of sudanophilia in the proximal brachiocephalic artery was greater in females (22/26) than in male (2/20). The endothelium, as studied by SEM, was intact over all normal and sudanophilic areas. Cell morphology varied with location in the vessel and gradually changed from polygonally shaped cells with prominent margins and protruding nuclei in the proximal brachiocephalic artery to elongated, flattened cells in distal regions. These regional differences were consistently observed, and did not correlate with age, gender, or areas of lipid accumulation. Unlike lesions in the coronary arteries and at the celiac bifurcation of the aorta, a relative paucity of white blood cells over diffuse sudanophilic areas was observed. This lack of adherent monocytes correlated with lesion ultrastructure. Connective tissue in the intima of the sudanophilic brachiocephalic arteries was disorganized, reflecting both an increase in matrix components and the presence of massive pools of extracellular lipid. Intracellular lipid was minimal and when present was confined to random droplets in the cytoplasm of intimal smooth muscle cells. Monocyte-derived foam cells, characteristic to other vascular beds, were absent from the brachiocephalic artery lesions. These results document differential lesion composition in the WC pigeons and suggest a gender-related susceptibility for brachiocephalic artery atherosclerosis in pigeons.
Exp Mol Pathol 1991 Apr
PMID:Morphologic characteristics of naturally occurring atherosclerosis in the brachiocephalic artery of the pigeon. 202 38


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