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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity is a complex condition. In humans, it depends on a variety of social, cultural and behavioural factors acting on the physiological mechanisms that dictate food intake and energy expenditure. In the past decade, details of these mechanisms and of the genes that control them have started to unfold. Are we, however, at risk of pursuing the more molecular aspects of this twentieth-century epidemic while allowing the stigma of obesity to prevent us from implementing radical treatment programmes that could prevent many premature deaths in the short term?
Mol Med Today 1997 May
PMID:Obesity: how can it be controlled? 922 45

Self-pollination of diploid zonal geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum L.H. Bailey) florets leads to a dramatic rise in ethylene production, followed by abscission within 4 h. Neither wounding of the stigma, pollination with tetraploid pollen, nor heat-killed self pollen could elicit as much ethylene production and petal abscission as self-pollination. A cDNA sharing sequence identity with ACC synthase (GACS2) and three different cDNAs sharing sequence identity with ACC oxidase (GACO1, GACO2, GACO3) were isolated from geranium pistils. Transcripts hybridizing with these probes increased slightly in response to self-pollination, but the degree of accumulation in response to various treatments did not correlate with ethylene production. When calculated on a per-plant-part basis, transcripts hybridizing with GACS2 were equally distributed among the stigma+style, sterile ovary, and ovary tissues, but transcripts hybridizing with the three ACC oxidase clones were differentially distributed. All transcripts were differentially expressed among the other tissues of the plant, with GACO1 being the most widely distributed. Ethylene production in geranium pistils was not autocatalytic. Propylene failed to induce ethylene production and ethylene did not induce the accumulation of ACC synthase or ACC oxidase transcripts. ACC accumulated in the stigma and style, and to a smaller extent in the sterile ovary, after pollination. These data support a model of pollination-induced ethylene production by post-transcriptional regulation of ethylene biosynthetic gene expression.
Plant Mol Biol 1997 Aug
PMID:Effect of pollination on accumulation of ACC synthase and ACC oxidase transcripts, ethylene production and flower petal abscission in geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum L.H. Bailey). 929 Jun 38

Identification of pistil-expressed genes is an important step in understanding pistil development and function in plant reproduction. A tobacco stigma/style cDNA library was differentially screened and several cDNA clones were isolated. One of these tobacco genes, designated tobP1, is characterized here. TobP1 encodes a protein highly homologous to plant polyphenol oxidases. Northern blot analysis of total RNA extracted from different organs and probed with tobP1 cDNA identified a single transcript that is exclusively present in flower organs (petals, stamens, and predominantly in pistils). The tobP1 gene is co-ordinately regulated during development in pistils and stamens, and is not induced in mature leaves even under stress conditions. TobP1 belongs to a multigene family, as reported for PPO in other plant species.
Plant Mol Biol 1998 Feb
PMID:A tobacco flower-specific gene encodes a polyphenol oxidase. 948 88

A functional analysis of the promoter of the S2-RNase gene from potato was performed in transgenic potato and tobacco plants, using a deletion series of S2-RNase promoter GUS fusions. A detailed histochemical and quantitative analysis of the transgenic tobacco plants revealed that S2 promoter fragments ranging in size from 5.6 kb in length down to 0.2 kb mediate a weak developmentally regulated expression in the pistil, and strong ectopic expression in pollen. In the pistil, different expression patterns were seen depending on the transformant, the predominant one being characterized by expression in the stigma and the transmitting tract of the style, whereas a few plants showed expression exclusively either in the stigma or in the stylar transmitting tissue. All transformants also showed GUS expression in the placental epidermis of the ovary. Two sequences that are conserved between the potato S1-RNase and S2-RNase promoters, termed motif and motif III, are located in a fragment of the S2 promoter extending from position of -200 to bp -100, and motif II, located between by -498 and -480, was identified on the basis of sequence comparisons between pistil-specific promoters. Motif II was found to be dispensible for pistil-specific and for pollen-specific expression. Two submotifs, A and B, were identified with the motif I. Both were essential for expression in the pistil but only B was necessary for expression in pollen. Although motif III has a similar bipartite structure and sequence to motif I, it was not sufficient to confer-either pollen- or pistil-specific expression. However, deletion of motif III abolished pollen-specific expression in transient expression experiments, suggesting that an interaction between the two sequence motifs may be needed to specify cell type-specific expression. In transgenic potato the S2-RNase promoter also mediates expression in pollen and in the pistil; however, significantly fewer plants showed expression than in tobacco, with most plants also exhibiting GUS expression in other issues.
Mol Gen Genet 1998 Jan
PMID:Multiple elements of the S2-RNase promoter from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) are required for cell type-specific expression in transgenic potato and tobacco. 949 Oct 71

The S-locus glycoprotein gene, SLG, which participates in the pollen-stigma interaction of self-incompatibility, and its unlinked homologue, SLR1, were analyzed in Raphanus sativus and three self-incompatible ornamental plants in the Brassicaceae. Among twenty-nine inbred lines of R. sativus, eighteen S haplotypes were identified on the basis of DNA polymorphisms detected by genomic Southern analysis using Brassica SLG probes. DNA fragments of SLG alleles specifically amplified from eight S haplotypes by PCR with class I SLG-specific primers showed different profiles following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, after digestion with a restriction endonuclease. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA fragments of these eight R. sativus SLG alleles were determined. Degrees of similarity of the nucleotide sequences to a Brassica SLG (S6SLG) ranged from 85.6% to 91.9%. Amino acid sequences deduced from these had the twelve conserved cysteine residues and the three hypervariable regions characteristic of Brassica SLGs. Phylogenetic analysis of the SLG sequences from Raphanus and Brassica revealed that the Raphanus SLGs did not form an independent cluster, but were dispersed in the tree, clustering together with Brassica SLGs. These results suggest that diversification of the SLG alleles of Raphanus and Brassica occurred before differentiation of these genera. Although SLR1 sequences from Orychophragmus violaceus were shown to be relatively closely related to Brassica and Raphanus SLR1 sequences, DNA fragments that are highly homologous to the Brassica SLG were not detected in this species. Two other ornamental plants in the Brassicaceae, which are related more distantly to Brassica than Orychophragmus, also lacked sequences highly homologous to Brassica SLG genes. The evolution of self-incompatibility in the Brassicaceae is discussed.
Mol Gen Genet 1998 May
PMID:Polymorphism of the S-locus glycoprotein gene (SLG) and the S-locus related gene (SLR1) in Raphanus sativus L. and self-incompatible ornamental plants in the Brassicaceae. 964 45

The ENOD40 gene is induced early during Rhizobium-legume symbiosis and has probably a primary role in the nodule organogenesis. In this paper we show that the 1.7 kb 5'-flanking region of the GmENOD40(2) is able to drive the expression of a gusA-int marker in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. The promoter activity is developmentally regulated and the major activity is detected in the root and in the stigma.
Plant Mol Biol 1999 Jan
PMID:The soybean ENOD40(2) promoter is active in Arabidopsis thaliana and is temporally and spatially regulated. 1008 Jul 20

Lysine synthesis in prokaryotes, some phycomycetes and higher plants starts with the condensation of L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde (L-ASA) and pyruvate into dihydrodipicolinic acid. The enzyme that catalyses this step, dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), is inhibited by the end-product lysine and is therefore thought to have a regulatory control on lysine synthesis. We have cloned and sequenced an Arabidopsis thaliana DNA fragment containing 900 bases upstream of the dhdps coding sequence. A transcriptional fusion of this fragment with the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (uidA. Gus) was used to study the transcription properties of this promoter fragment (DS). No lysine-induced repression on transcription could be detected. Expression of DS-Gus activity in transformed Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum was found to be cell type-specific. In the vegetative parts of the plant, GUS activity was located in meristems and young vasculature of roots, in vasculature of stem and leaves and in the meristems of young shoots. In flowers, high expression was found in the carpels, style, stigma, developing embryos, tapetum of young anthers and pollen. We demonstrated that the Arabidopsis DS promoter can direct its cell type-specific expression in a heterologous plant, Nicotiana tuabacum. The importance of transcriptional regulation of the dhdps gene, and in more general genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis, is discussed.
Plant Mol Biol 1999 Mar
PMID:The Arabidopsis thaliana dhdps gene encoding dihydrodipicolinate synthase, key enzyme of lysine biosynthesis, is expressed in a cell-specific manner. 1035 84

We describe the cloning and characterization of PCP, a novel calcium-binding protein that is expressed predominantly in the pistils and anthers of Brassica flowers late in flower development. A PCP cDNA - isolated from a subtracted cDNA library enriched in transcripts present in the pistil late in flower development - potentially encodes a 175 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 19.1 kDa. Other than limited homology to a repetitive C-terminal polyacidic region of PCP, none of the sequences in the GenBank database shares identity to PCP. This unique protein was purified from an Escherichia coli expression system and shown to bind calcium in a specific manner, both in a protein blot assay and by equilibrium dialysis. PCP binds 29 mol of calcium per mol of PCP protein with an apparent affinity constant of 3.2 x 10(2)/M, values consistent with the presence of a high capacity/low-affinity calcium-binding domain. PCP-specific mRNAs are detected predominantly in the stigma and style of pistils excised from open flowers; much lower levels of expression are seen in anthers of open flowers and in root and leaf tissue. Expression in the pistil steadily increases during flower development and peaks at flower opening. A PCP-specific antibody first detects the protein in pistils at one day prior to flowering, with higher levels of the protein seen in the pistils of open flowers. A low level of the protein is present in anthers of open flowers; however, PCP is not detected in either root or leaf extracts. The pattern of PCP expression is consistent with a possible role for PCP in pollen-pistil interactions or in pistil development. The results are also discussed in light of the central role calcium maintains in pollen tube growth and fertilization.
Plant Mol Biol 1999 Mar
PMID:A novel calcium-binding protein is expressed in Brassica pistils and anthers late in flower development. 1035 87

Self-incompatibility (SI) in Brassicaceae is genetically controlled by the S locus complex in which S locus glycoprotein (SLG) and S receptor kinase (SRK) genes have been identified, and these two genes encoding stigma proteins are believed to play important roles in SI recognition reaction. Here we introduced the SLG43 gene of Brassica rapa into a self-incompatible cultivar, Osome, of B. rapa, and examined the effect of this transgene on the SI behavior of the transgenic plants. Preliminary pollination experiments demonstrated that Osome carried S52 and S60, and both were codominant in stigma, but S52 was dominant to S60 in pollen. S43 was found to be recessive to S52 and codominant with S60 in stigma. The nucleotide sequence of SLG43 was more similar to that of SLG52 (87.8% identity) than to that of SLG60 (74.8% identity). Three of the ten primary transformants (designated No. 1 to No. 10) were either completely (No. 9) or partially (No. 6 and No. 7) self-compatible; the SI phenotype of the stigma was changed from S52S60 to S60, but the SI phenotype of the pollen was not altered. In these three plants, the mRNA and protein levels of both SLG43 and SLG52 were reduced, whereas those of SLG60 were not. All the plants in the selfed progeny of No. 9 and No. 6 regained SI and they produced a normal level of SLG52. These results suggest that the alteration of the SI phenotype of the stigma in the transformants Nos. 6, 7, and 9 was the result of specific co-suppression between the SLG43 transgene and the endogenous SLG52 gene. Three of the transformants (Nos. 5, 8 and 10) produced SLG43 protein, but their SI phenotype was not altered. The S60 homozygotes in the selfed progeny of No. 10 which produced the highest level of SLG43 were studied because S43 was codominant with S60 in the stigma. They produced SLG43 at approximately the same level as did S43S60 heterozygotes, but did not show S43 haplotype specificity at the stigma side. We conclude that SLG is necessary for the expression of the S haplotype specificity in the stigma but the introduction of SLG alone is not sufficient for conferring a novel S haplotype specificity to the stigma.
Plant Mol Biol 1999 Jul
PMID:Introduction of SLG (S locus glycoprotein) alters the phenotype of endogenous S haplotype, but confers no new S haplotype specificity in Brassica rapa L. 1048 Mar 89

In crucifers, the ability of the stigma to differentially modulate hydration of pollen grains, depending on whether the pollen is recognized to be compatible or incompatible, represents a crucial stage in pollination. Our recent analysis of the mod mutation of Brassica, which results in a breakdown of the self-incompatibility response, led to the isolation of a gene linked to the MOD locus which is expressed at low levels in mod mutants. The gene is predicted to encode a plasma membrane-localized aquaporin-like protein and has been designated MIP-MOD. We utilized reporter gene analysis to demonstrate that the MIP-MOD promoter is active in Brassica papillar cells as well as in some vegetative tissues. The encoded protein is also likely to be plasma membrane-localized based on the observation that all plasma membrane-intrinsic aquaporin-like proteins in Brassica leaves are enriched in plasma membrane fractions. The MIP-MOD protein results in a low but measurable enhancement in osmotic water permeability of Xenopus oocytes and hence represents a functional aquaporin. The results are consistent with the notion that MIP-MOD is involved in the regulation of water transport across the stigma epidermal cell membrane.
Plant Mol Biol 2001 Jan
PMID:The brassica MIP-MOD gene encodes a functional water channel that is expressed in the stigma epidermis. 1124 6


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