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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
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In view of the recent finding that different T-DNAs tend to ligate and integrate as repeats at single chromosomal positions, the frequency of transformation and cotransformation was determined during cocultivation of Arabidopsis thaliana root explants and Nicotiana tabacum protoplasts with two Agrobacterium strains. The transformation frequency of unselected A. thaliana shoots was lower than 1% whereas that of cocultivated tobacco protoplasts was approximately 18%. The cotransformation frequencies, defined as the frequencies with which cells transformed with a first T-DNA contained a second unselected T-DNA, were approximately 40% reproducible, irrespective of the selection, the transformation frequency, and the plant system used. Extrapolation of these results suggests that at least two independently transferred T-DNAs were present in 64% of the transformed plant cells. Molecular analysis of cocultivated N. tabacum shoots regenerated on nonselective medium showed that only a few transformants had a silenced (2/46) or truncated (1/46) T-DNA. Therefore, most integrated T-DNAs expressed their selectable or screenable markers in primary transgenic plants. Remarkably, 10 to 30% of the selected A. thaliana shoots or progenies lost the T-DNA marker they were selected on. As these regenerants contained the unselected T-DNA with a high frequency (17%), these selected plants might result from the expression of unstable, transiently expressed T-DNAs. In conclusion, a significant part of the T-DNAs is lost from the transformed cells.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact 1998 Jun
PMID:Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation and cotransformation frequencies of Arabidopsis thaliana root explants and tobacco protoplasts. 961 43

A size-selected genomic library comprising 280,000 colonies and representing approximately 18% of the chickpea genome, was screened for (GA)n, (GAA)n and (TAA)n microsatellite-containing clones, of which 389 were sequenced. The majority (approximately 75%) contained perfect repeats; interrupted, interrupted compound and compound repeats were only present in 6%-9% of cases. (TAA)-microsatellites contained the longest repeats, with unit numbers from 9 to 131. For 218 loci primers could be designed and used for the detection of microsatellite length polymorphisms in six chickpea breeding cultivars, as well as in C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, wild, intercrossable relatives of chickpea. A total of 174 primer pairs gave interpretable banding patterns, 137 (79%) of which revealed at least two alleles on native polyacrylamide gels. A total of 120 sequence-tagged microsatellite site (STMS) markers were genetically mapped in 90 recombinant inbred lines from an inter-species cross between C. reticulatum and the chickpea cultivar ICC 4958. Markers could be arranged in 11 linkage groups (at a LOD score of 4) covering 613 cM. Clustering as well as random distribution of loci was observed. Segregation of 46 markers (39%) deviated significantly (P > or = 0.05) from the expected 1:1 ratio. The majority of these loci (73%) were located in three distinct regions of the genome. The present STMS marker map represents the most advanced co-dominant DNA marker map of the chickpea genome.
Mol Gen Genet 1999 Aug
PMID:Characterization and mapping of sequence-tagged microsatellite sites in the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genome. 1050 40

The Tsw gene conferring dominant resistance to the Tospovirus Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in Capsicum spp. has been tagged with a random amplified polymorphic DNA marker and mapped to the distal portion of chromosome 10. No mapped homologues of Sw-5, a phenotypically similar dominant TSWV resistance gene in tomato, map to this region in C. annuum, although a number of Sw-5 homologues are found at corresponding positions in pepper and tomato. The relationship between Tsw and Sw-5 was also examined through genetic studies of TSWV. The capacity of TSWV-A to overcome the Tsw gene in pepper and the Sw-5 gene in tomato maps to different TSWV genome segments. Therefore, despite phenotypic and genetic similarities of resistance in tomato and pepper, we infer that distinct viral gene products control the outcome of infection in plants carrying Sw-5 and Tsw, and that these loci do not appear to share a recent common evolutionary ancestor.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2000 Jun
PMID:Genetic mapping of the Tsw locus for resistance to the Tospovirus Tomato spotted wilt virus in Capsicum spp. and its relationship to the Sw-5 gene for resistance to the same pathogen in tomato. 1083 Feb 67

The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) undergoes crowding-induced phase transformation from solitary to gregarious, which involves changes in behaviour, colour, development, morphometry, fecundity and endocrine physiology. During recession, solitary locusts persist in the central, drier part of the species' range in small pocket populations that are prone to extinction. During the intermittent upsurges and the subsequent plagues, gregarious swarms attain huge population size and invade a vast area causing major damage to agriculture. A highly variable nuclear DNA marker, a noncoding 3' end fragment of an antennapedia-class homeobox gene, was screened in locust samples from Eritrea. Despite the homogenizing potential of plague swarms, the last of which was in 1986-89 and originated in this region, the population genetic structure of solitary phase locusts along the Red Sea coast of Eritrea revealed significant divergence. The pattern of divergence indicated that the invasion of the western and northern plains in the summer of 1995 may not, as reported then, have originated in eastern Chad or western Sudan. A number of interrelated hypotheses have been presented to explain the observed genetic heterogeneity between the sampled populations. We conclude, with caution due to the limited sample sizes, that: (i) geographical isolation between breeding sites during plagues and recession; (ii) the marked differences in the flight behaviour of plague swarms and recession populations; (iii) possible failure of gregarious locusts to solitarize and re-establish in recession areas; and (iv) the effect of repeated extinction and recolonization in the meta-population contribute to the maintenance of the genetic structure of recession populations. Potentially productive future research has been identified.
Mol Ecol 2000 Jun
PMID:Are recession populations of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) remnants of past swarms? 1084 94

OPT8(511) was confirmed to be strongly associated with cold sensitivity of rice by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for the cold tolerance with 94 F2 population crossed with 'Dular' (cold sensitive cultivar) and 'Toyohatamochi' (cold resistant cultivar). A DNA marker from the RAPD fragment, OPT8(511), has been cloned with genomic DNA from rice cultivar ('Dular') and the nucleotide sequence has been determined. The nucleotide sequence revealed that the putative open reading frame was 511 base pairs and contained 169 amino acid residues. It is 79% and 57% identical to the rice cDNA (C26347) in DataBank at the nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels, respectively. The clone OPT8(511) specifically amplified a 511 bp band from the DNA of cold sensitive cultivars. Use of this marker could facilitate early selection of character associated with cold tolerance in rice.
Mol Cells 2000 Aug 31
PMID:Analysis of OPT8511 RAPD fragments closely linked with cold sensitivity at seedling stage in rice (Oryza sativa L.). 1098 33

Parental control of primary sex ratio has been reported in a mammal (red deer), some birds, and a snake. However, it remains uncertain whether other vertebrates including Amphibia can control sex ratio. In this paper, we examined the possibility in a wild population of the Japanese frog Rana rugosa which has female heterogamety. Sex ratios of their eggs were determined using DNA markers. The eggs were sampled in the field from May to August in 1998. Each egg was then sexed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using a sex-specific DNA marker. The result showed a male bias early in the season which changed to a female bias later, suggesting that females of R. rugosa can control the primary sex ratio.
Mol Ecol 2000 Nov
PMID:Maternal control of sex ratio in Rana rugosa: evidence from DNA sexing. 1109 8

Albinism in animals is generally a recessive trait, but in Japan a dominant oculocutaneous albino (OCA) mutant strain has been isolated in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss). After confirming that this trait is not due to a tyrosinase gene mutation that causes OCA1 (tyrosinase-negative OCA), we combined the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) to map the gene involved in dominant oculocutaneous albinism. Four AFLP markers tightly linked to the dominant albino locus were identified. One of these markers was codominant and we have it converted into a GGAGT-repeat microsatellite marker, OmyD-AlbnTUF. Using this pentanucleotide-repeat DNA marker, the dominant albino locus has been mapped on linkage group G of a reference linkage map of rainbow trout. The markers identified here will facilitate cloning of the dominant albino gene in rainbow trout and contribute to a better understanding of tyrosinase-negative OCA in animals.
Mol Genet Genomics 2001 Jun
PMID:Genetic mapping of the dominant albino locus in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). 1145 89

Existing procedures for the generation of polymorphic DNA markers are not optimal for insect studies in which the organisms are often tiny and background molecular information is often non-existent. We have used a new high throughput DNA marker generation protocol called randomly amplified DNA fingerprints (RAF) to analyse the genetic variability in three separate strains of the stored grain pest, Rhyzopertha dominica. This protocol is quick, robust and reliable even though it requires minimal sample preparation, minute amounts of DNA and no prior molecular analysis of the organism. Arbitrarily selected oligonucleotide primers routinely produced approximately 50 scoreable polymorphic DNA markers, between individuals of three independent field isolates of R. dominica. Multivariate cluster analysis using forty-nine arbitrarily selected polymorphisms generated from a single primer reliably separated individuals into three clades corresponding to their geographical origin. The resulting clades were quite distinct, with an average genetic difference of 37.5 +/- 6.0% between clades and of 21.0 +/- 7.1% between individuals within clades. As a prelude to future gene mapping efforts, we have also assessed the performance of RAF under conditions commonly used in gene mapping. In this analysis, fingerprints from pooled DNA samples accurately and reproducibly reflected RAF profiles obtained from individual DNA samples that had been combined to create the bulked samples.
Insect Mol Biol 2001 Dec
PMID:A DNA fingerprinting procedure for ultra high-throughput genetic analysis of insects. 1190 27

The perennial dioecious weed, Rumex acetosa, possesses sex chromosomes (XX in females, XY1Y2 in males). Yet, the operational sex ratios are female-biased. Until now, sex ratio studies in R. acetosa, as in most plants, have relied on data obtained at sexual maturity. To resolve gender among the seeds and nonflowering plants of R. acetosa, a genetic method involving a DNA marker located on both Y chromosomes has now been developed and applied. The results suggest that the sex ratios are about 1 : 1 in the whole seed pool, but that a significant female bias develops by the time of flowering. Since the age of sexually mature plants is two years or more, the time frame during which the female bias present at sexual maturity develops can be several years. It appears that male seeds germinate at a lower rate and males suffer from a greater mortality during the years-long lifespan of R. acetosa. However, there are no considerable sex-related differences in vegetative vigour.
Mol Ecol 2002 Oct
PMID:A genetic method to resolve gender complements investigations on sex ratios in Rumex acetosa. 1229 56

Pituitary dwarfism in the German shepherd dog is an autosomal recessive inherited abnormality. We tested the hypothesis that a variant of the LIM homeodomain gene LHX4 is responsible for the dwarfism phenotype. To this end, we isolated Bacterial Artificial Chromosome clones for the canine LHX4 gene. Southern blotting experiments showed that the LHX4 gene is a single copy gene in the canine genome. A complex CA-repeat was isolated from the BAC clones and was found to be polymorphic in German shepherd dogs. Genotyping 5 litters in which the dwarfism was segregating showed disconcordance between the inheritance of the dwarfism phenotype and the DNA marker. It is concluded that the LHX4 gene does not play a primary role in the pituitary dwarfism in the German shepherd dogs.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002 Nov 29
PMID:Exclusion of the lim homeodomain gene LHX4 as a candidate gene for pituitary dwarfism in German shepherd dogs. 1243 96


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