Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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The present report reviews our findings on the subcellular distribution of albumin mRNA in rat liver under normal and abnormal physiologic conditions, the identification of albumin mRNA in specific mRNP complexes in liver cytosol of starved rats, and evidence fo albumin mRNA sequences in a higher molecular weight nuclear precursor to cytoplasmic albumin mRNA.
Mol Biol Rep 1979 May 31
PMID:Regulation of albumin synthesis in rat liver. 46 Jan 84

A method, using albumin-pyrene complexes, has been developed for labeling, in a controlled manner, crab leg nerves whose excitability was preserved. The excimer-to-monomer fluorescence intensity ratio of pyrene, embedded in nerve membrane lipids and in their crude lipid extracts, is a fluidity parameter which displayed the following features with temperatures. a--a temperature-dependent increase of fluidity b--three breaks (6 degrees, 19 degrees and 37 degrees C) in the physiological medium c--In Ca++-depleted sea water, the 37 degrees characteristic temperature vanished. These breaks may reflect some lateral phase separations of the lipid components of nerve membranes. The calcium dependent temperature break may involve a segregation of acidic phospholipids while the other two breaks (6 degrees and 19 degrees C) may be due to neutral lipids phase separation. The relationship of these findings to nerve function is discussed.
Mol Cell Biochem 1979 Nov 01
PMID:Temperature dependence of the fluorescence of pyrene labeled crab nerve membranes. 51 67

1. Acute chloride depletion, without sodium depletion, was produced in rats by a single exchange peritoneal dialysis against sodium bicarbonate solution. Blood volume was restored after dialysis by infusion of salt-free albumin, and exogenous deoxycorticosterone and antidiuretic hormone were given. 2. Clearance studies in the period (3 h) after dialysis revealed no difference in the glomerular filtration rate or in the filtered sodium load between experimental and control rats but urinary sodium concentrations and absolute and fractional sodium excretion were significantly higher in the chloride-depleted group. 3. There was also a significant kaliuresis, increased urinary flow rate and diminished free water reabsorption. Urinary bicarbonate excretion increased to a variable degree but the major rise in anion excretion was 'unmeasured' (Na+ + K+ - [Cl- + HCO3- + PO4(3-)]). 4. It is postulated that chloride depletion imposes limitations on sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1977 Jan
PMID:Natriuresis in rats acutely depleted of chloride. 60 61

1. Renal mechanisms of conjugated bilirubin excretion have been studied in isolated rat kidneys perfused with a protein-free dextran medium, containing conjugated bilirubin isolated from human bile. 2. In nine perfused kidneys with a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (less than 0.5 ml/min) and depressed tubular function, there was a significant linear correlation between conjugated bilirubin clearance and GFR (r = 0.97). 3. In contrast, nine kidneys with a normal GFR (greater than 0.8 ml/min) and good tubular function exhibited substantial tubular reabsorption of filtered conjugated bilirubin (mean 74%). Reabsorption was proportional to the filtered conjugated bilirubin load and a tubular transport maximum was not observed even at high concentrations (144 mumol/1). 4. The fractional reabsorption of bilirubin was unchanged by the addition of sodium aminohippurate to the medium. Perfusion with an albumin medium (10 g/1) resulted in a tenfold reduction in conjugated bilirubin clearance. 5. These observations indicate that non-protein-bound conjugated bilirubin is freely filtered by the glomeruli and then largely reabsorbed in the tubules. Evidence of tubular secretion was not obtained. 6. Chromatographic separation of bilirubin conjugates showed that the proportion of di- to mono-conjugates in the urine was greater than in the perfusate. Whether this incicated further conjugation by the kidney of the monoconjugates or differential clearance of the conjugates was not established.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1978 Apr
PMID:Excretion of conjugated bilirubin in the isolated perfused rat kidney. 63 68

The particles of an iron hydroxide sol were found to be a suitable model for protein-oxidizing enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. In addition to small molecules such as pyrogallol, human serum proteins, albumin and gamma-globulin, are shown to be substrates of the oxidizing model. The activity is markedly increased by the addition of small amounts of copper to the iron in the particles of the sol. The size and molecular weight of the enzyme model, as well as the number of active centers were determined.
Mol Biol Rep 1978 Jun 16
PMID:Iron hydroxide: model for enzymes that oxidize proteins. 68 84

1. In four patients with nephrotic syndrome indomethacin not only reduced proteinuria but also inhibited the natriuretic effect of high doses of frusemide. 2. The inhibition of natriuresis by indomethacin could not be antagonized by albumin infusions. 3. Only the combined use of spironolactone and frusemide induced a natriuresis during indomethacin treatment. Spironolactone alone was ineffective. 4. It is suggested that inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin, in the presence of a stimulated renin-angiotensin system and hyperaldosteronism, may cause this strong tendency to sodium retention.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1977 Feb
PMID:Inhibition of frusemide-induced natriuresis by indomethacin in patients with the nephrotic syndrome. 84 48

The empirical variance of the immunological distance as measured by microcomplement fixation with albumin is determined. The variance obtained is at least two times larger than the mean when the mean is small and the ratio of the variance to the mean increases with increasing mean. Thus, the immunological dating of evolutionary time has a large standard error. It is shown that in bird lysozymes the relationship between immunological distance (y) and the number of amino acid substitutions per 100 sites (x) is given by y = 4.2 x approximately.
J Mol Evol 1977 May 13
PMID:Standard error of immunological dating of evolutionary time. 86 23

1. Whole-body retention and plasma values of 131I after a test dose were measured for up to 32 days in patients previously rendered athyreotic by surgery, and 131I treatment for thyroid carcinoma, and who were without detectable functioning tissue at the time of study. 2. About 99-8% of the administered 131I was rapidly excreted, consistent with renal iodide excretion. The remainder (about 0-2%) was eliminated slowly, with mean half-life 15 days; we call this the slow-turnover component. 3. By the sixth day after the 131I dose, very little [131I]iodide remained in the plasma. The average protein-bound 131I was only 0-0035% of dose/l, with mean half-life 14-1 days; 90% was non-extractable in butanol. Labelled albumin accounted for about 80% of the non-extractable fraction. 4. The distribution space estimated from the slow-turnover component and protein-bound 131I was 34 l, indicating that most of the slow-turnover component is extravascular. 5. Stable potassium iodide administration, starting 2 days after giving 131I, had no observable effect on the variables measured. 6. Impairment of renal function delayed [131I]iodide excretion and increased both slow-turnover component and plasma protein-bound 131I. 7. A simple model describing iodine kinetics in athyreotic individuals is suggested. It predicts that the slow-turnover component contains only about 4 micrograms of iodine and, since this is distributed widely in body tissues, it is unlikely to be of biological significance.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1977 Jul
PMID:A slow component of iodine turnover in athyreotic individuals. 87 23

1. Intravenous infusions of lipid-free albumin were used to lower the arterial non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)/albumin ratio during coronary occlusion in dogs. 2. Reduction of the NEFA/albumin ratio was accompanied by proportionate reductions in myocardical uptake of NEFA and the degree of ST segment elevation in epicardial electrocardiographic recordings from the ischaemic zone. Aortic pressure and heart rate were unchanged. 3. Infusions of control albumin preparations had no effect on the NEFA/albumin ratio or ST segment elevation. 4. These observations support the proposition that the disturbance of cellular function during myocardial ischaemia is influenced by the degree of saturation of albumin-binding sites with NEFA and by their availability.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Aug
PMID:Relationship of epicardial ST segment elevation to the plasma free fatty acid/albumin ratio during coronary occlusion in dogs. 95 68

1. Distribution of zinc between the metalloprotein alpha 2-macroglobulin and albumin was determined in samples of serum obtained from twenty-three women in their third trimester of pregnancy and eighteen women who were not pregnant. 2. The decrease observed in total serum zinc in the group of pregnant women could be accounted for in large part by a decreased concentration of albumin-bound zinc. 3. The concentration of serum albumin was lower in the pregnant women, thus hypoalbuminaemia, which is often invoked to explain hypozincaemia in pathological situations, may in part account for hypozincaemia in pregnancy. 4. The affinity of albumin for zinc added to serum from pregnant women was less than that of albumin from non-pregnant women. This was determined by competition experiments between albumin and glycine for zinc. Decreased affinity of serum albumin for zinc may also contribute to the hypozincaemia associated with pregnancy.
Clin Sci Mol Med 1976 Dec
PMID:Diminished albumin binding of zinc in serum of pregnant women. 107 Apr 19


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