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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We analyzed the histone mRNA population found in several adult tissues of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and in testis of Lytechinus pictus. Unique species of H1 and H2b mRNAs encoding the sperm-specific histone subtypes can be found exclusively in testis RNA. S. purpuratus contains two distinct testis-specific H1 transcripts, while L. pictus contains one such transcript. Each of these mRNAs is larger than either early or late embryonic H1 mRNAs. Other somatic adult tissues contain transcripts derived from members of the late embryonic H1 histone gene family. S. purpuratus contains one H2b transcript found exclusively in testis, while L. pictus contains two such H2b mRNAs. Similarly, in tissues other than testis, late H2b transcripts were found. While there is no sperm-specific H2a protein, a limited set of late histone H2a genes encoding primarily the H2a-beta subtype is expressed in testis. The majority of the H2a protein found in diploid adult tissues is also the H2a-beta subtype; however, the size of the H2a transcripts differs between testis and other tissues. We conclude that different members of the late H2a gene family are differentially expressed in embryos and adult tissues. We prepared and characterized cDNA clones encoding the sperm-specific H2b protein as well as the H2a-beta protein found in testis.
Mol Cell Biol 1986 Jul
PMID:Analysis of histone gene expression in adult tissues of the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus pictus: tissue-specific expression of sperm histone genes. 378 4

The human cDNA probe pPGK824 , of Singer-Sam et al. [Singer-Sam, J., Simmer , R. L., Keith, D. H., Shively , L., Teplitz , M., Itakura , K., Gartler , S. M. & Riggs, A. D. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 802-806] was used to isolate a genomic clone lambda PGK-1 containing a portion of an autosomal locus for phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). A unique sequence subclone (pGK-1) of lambda PGK-1 was then used to map this locus to the region p23-q12 of human autosome 6--i.e., to the interval that contains the major human histocompatibility locus (HLA). Since an autosomal gene coding for testis-specific PGK in the mouse has been shown to be closely linked to the H2 locus and to the T/t-complex locus [ Eicher , E. M., Cherry, M. & Flaherty , L. (1978) Mol. Gen. Genet. 158, 225-228], it is suggested that the lambda PGK-1 recombinant clone contains part of the human gene for the testis-specific isozyme of PGK. In addition, the subcloned pGK-1 detects an EcoRI restriction fragment length variant and may therefore prove useful for further genetical analysis of the HLA region and specifically for testing the hypothesis that spina bifida and anencephaly may be the human equivalent of the murine defects due to the T/t-complex locus. Our findings support the generally held hypothesis that a large number of structural loci clustered around the histocompatibility genes have been conserved in a close linkage association throughout a large evolutionary interval.
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PMID:A human autosomal phosphoglycerate kinase locus maps near the HLA cluster. 632 4

Erythrocyte- and testis-specific fractions of the lysine-rich histone of herring Clupea harengus pallasi were studied. Electrophoretically purified fractions were cleaved at residues of tyrosine and phenylalanine. The fragments thus obtained and intact proteins were investigated by the method of incomplete succinylation which permitted one to determine the number of lysine residues, the total number of arginine and histidine residues and the molecular length of polypeptides. It has been found that the testis-specific fraction has in its C-terminal half of the molecule 15 arginine residues and a high proportion of basic amino acid residues (0,49) and thereby resembles the histone H5 of birds and fishes. The N-terminal half of this fraction however is close to the somatic variants of lysine-rich histones by the number of arginine residues and by the proportion of basic amino acid residues. To the author's knowledge, the testis-specific fraction of the lysine-rich histone in fishes are described for the first time.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Histone H1 from the herring Clupea harengus pallasi testis structurally resembling histone H5]. 650 33

Investigation of an enhancer-trap line exhibiting testis-specific beta-galactosidase expression led to the isolation of the Drosophila gene encoding inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPD), the rate-limiting enzyme in guanine nucleotide synthesis, which has been implicated in cell cycle control and malignant transformation. Northern and in situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that the gene has a complex expression pattern involving several independently regulated transcripts. Two ubiquitous, but highly ovary enriched, transcripts of 2.5 and 1.9 kb are expressed in the nurse cells and delivered to the oocyte, whilst a 0.9 kb transcript is found exclusively in the testis. The 2.5 kb transcript encodes a 58 kDa protein, which is highly similar in length and sequence to mouse and human IMPDs and is presumably required for GTP synthesis during early embryogenesis. Over-expression of this cDNA in Escherichia coli yielded a product of the predicted size, which was demonstrated to possess IMPD activity in a spectrophotometric assay. The coding capacity of the other transcripts is currently uncertain. We present evidence that IMPD is the product of the raspberry (ras) locus at 9E and the functions of the gene are discussed in relation to the phenotypes of ras mutants.
Mol Gen Genet 1995 Oct 25
PMID:The raspberry locus encodes Drosophila inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. 747 79

A 42-kilobase pair region of rat DNA containing the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaM kinase IV) gene has been cloned and characterized. The gene consists of 12 exons and 11 introns and is predicted to encode both beta and alpha forms of CaM kinase IV as well as the testis-specific calmodulin-binding protein calspermin. The promoter utilized to generate the alpha-kinase isoform is located in intron 1, whereas the promoter utilized to produce the calspermin transcript is contained in intron 10. The calspermin promoter region which extends from -200 to +321 relative to the calspermin transcription initiation site that contains two cyclic AMP response elements (CRE) at -70 and -50 and has been shown previously to be inactive in NIH3T3 cells (Sun, Z., Sassone-Corsi, P., and Means, A. R. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 561-571) was ligated to the lacZ reporter gene and used to generate transgenic mice. The promoter was expressed exclusively in postmeiotic testis where beta-galactosidase was found predominantly in elongating spermatids. The cell and developmental specificity of transgene expression was very similar to the pattern shown by the endogenous gene. Although the transgene promoter was silent in somatic tissues, beta-galactosidase expression could be restored in primary cultures of skin fibroblasts by introduction of vectors encoding CREM tau and CaM kinase IV.
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PMID:Organization and analysis of the complete rat calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV gene. 749 91

The micropia transposable element of Drosophila hydei is a long terminal repeat-containing retrotransposon present in both the autosomes and the Y chromosome. micropia expression gives rise to a complex set of sense and antisense RNAs transcribed primarily during spermatogenesis. The most abundant sense RNAs constitute an assortment of heterogeneous high-molecular-weight transcripts expressed as constituents of the Y-chromosomal lampbrush loops of primary spermatocytes. In addition, micropia encodes a full-length RNA that extends between the two long terminal repeats of the element. The major 1.0-kb antisense RNA characterized is complementary to the reverse transcriptase and RNase H coding regions of micropia. It is expressed from a testis-specific promoter during the primary spermatocyte stages and is detectable until spermatid elongation stages. Sequence comparison of this promoter with the 5' region of other testis-specific genes allows the conception of a conserved sequence that is responsible for this pattern of expression. A 284-bp fragment containing this sequence is able to drive testis-specific expression of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene in Drosophila melanogaster. This sequence is conserved in the micropia elements present in other Drosophila species that also encode an antisense RNA. The evolutionary conservation of micropia antisense RNA expression and the sequences responsible for its testis-specific transcription suggests a role for this antisense RNA in the control of germ line expression of the full-length transcript or transposon-encoded proteins.
Mol Cell Biol 1994 Mar
PMID:The Drosophila micropia retrotransposon encodes a testis-specific antisense RNA complementary to reverse transcriptase. 750 47

Dividing eukaryotic cells expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (TK) gene are sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of nucleoside analogs such as acyclovir or ganciclovir (GCV). Transgenic mice with cell-targeted expression of this conditional toxin have been used to create animals with temporally controlled cell-specific ablation. In these animal models, which allow the study of the physiological importance of a cell type, males are sterile. In this study, we showed that this phenomenon is due to testis-specific high-level expression of short TK transcripts initiated mainly upstream of the second internal ATG of the TK gene. This expression is DNA methylation independent. To obtain a suicide gene that does not cause male infertility, we generated and analyzed the properties of a truncated TK (delta TK) lacking the sequences upstream of the second ATG. We showed that when expressed at sufficient levels, the functional properties of delta TK are similar to those of TK in terms of thymidine or GCV phosphorylation. This translated into a similar GCV-dependent toxicity for delta TK- or TK-expressing cells, both in vitro and in transgenic mice. However, delta TK behaved differently from TK in two ways. First, it did not cause sterility in delta TK transgenic males. Second, low-level delta TK RNA expression did not confer sensitivity to GCV. The uses of delta TK in cell-specific ablation in transgenic mice and in gene therapy are discussed.
Mol Cell Biol 1995 Oct
PMID:A truncated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase phosphorylates thymidine and nucleoside analogs and does not cause sterility in transgenic mice. 756 81

The c-mos proto-oncogene is specifically expressed in female and male germ cells. Previous studies identified a negative regulatory element (NRE) upstream of the c-mos promoter that suppresses c-mos transcription in transfected NIH 3T3 cells. In this study, we used gel shift assays to detect proteins in nuclear extracts of NIH 3T3 cells that bind to the c-mos NRE in a sequence-specific manner. One protein was found to bind to a region of the NRE which was shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be required for suppression of c-mos transcription. This factor was present in nuclear extracts of several somatic cell lines and tissues but not in male germ cells in which c-mos is transcribed, suggesting that it is a somatic cell repressor of c-mos transcription. The binding site of the candidate repressor within the c-mos NRE consists of sequences related to putative NREs identified in two other male germ cell-specific genes (encoding protamine 2 and phosphoglycerate kinase 2). The c-mos repressor bound and could be UV cross-linked to these protamine 2 and phosphoglycerate kinase 2 gene sequences as a protein with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 30 kDa. The repressor binding site is also conserved in two other germ cell-specific genes (encoding testis-specific cytochrome c and heat shock-like protein 70), suggesting that the c-mos repressor may be generally involved in suppressing transcription of germ cell-specific genes in somatic cells.
Mol Cell Biol 1995 Oct
PMID:Identification of a candidate c-mos repressor that restricts transcription of germ cell-specific genes. 756 87

Androgens are known to exert a variety of effects on an organism while follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) seems to act specifically on the gonads. To investigate whether these effects are reflected by the expression pattern of the androgen receptor (AR) or the FSH receptor (FSHR) we screened 38 different tissues and organs of one intact and one castrated male non-human primate (Macaca fascicularis). By means of a highly sensitive ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) we demonstrated AR mRNA expression in all tissues of the intact monkey investigated. Immunohistochemistry of selected organs from this monkey revealed a good correlation between AR mRNA and protein expression. In the castrated monkey, the overall AR mRNA expression was markedly lower compared with the intact monkey, although higher expression was present in the pituitary, thyroid and prostate glands. FSHR mRNA was only detected in testicular tissue. This study has revealed, for the first time, ubiquitious expression of the AR mRNA in a non-human primate. The testis-specific expression of the FSHR highlights the importance of FSH for spermatogenesis with the testis being apparently the only target organ.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1995 Oct
PMID:Ubiquitous expression of the androgen receptor and testis-specific expression of the FSH receptor in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) revealed by a ribonuclease protection assay. 757 19

We have isolated and characterized a cDNA, cFSA-Acr.1, encoding a testis-specific fox sperm antigen. The antigen is located on the inner acrosomal compartment, and is expressed during spermatogenesis on the developing acrosome of round and elongating spermatids. Database searches with the deduced amino acid sequence of cFSA-Acr.1 revealed that the clone has high homology to both human and baboon sperm protein SP-10, and the mouse sperm protein, MSA-63. The region of highest homology is within the carboxyl terminus. In the middle of the open reading frame, the fox sequence shows unique sequences absent from both the human, baboon SP-10, and mouse MSA-63 sequences. In addition to cFSA-Acr.1, two other clones were also isolated from the same fox testis cDNA library, and sequence analysis shows that they may represent alternatively spliced mRNAs coding for other FSA-Acr proteins.
Mol Reprod Dev 1995 Feb
PMID:Cloning and partial characterization of the cDNA encoding the fox sperm protein FSA-Acr.1 with similarities to the SP-10 antigen. 776 18


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