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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The isolation of a rat hsp 70-related gene which is specifically and highly expressed in testis is described together with the complete nucleotide sequence of the transcription unit (2947 bp), 5' flanking (about 1 kbp) and 3' flanking (about 0.3 kbp) regions. The sequence analysis and nuclease S1 mapping revealed that the isolated gene (referred to as the hst70 gene) represents a novel, distinct member of the hsp70 multigene family. Its transcription unit lacks introns and a single open reading frame encodes a protein of 69.5 kDa. The predicted amino acid sequence of this protein is highly similar (only four out of 633 amino acids are different) to that encoded by the mouse testis-specific hsp70.2 gene (Zakeri, Z.F., Wolgemuth, D.J. and Hunt, C.R. (1988) Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 2925-2932). The functional significance of multiple potentially regulatory sequences (e.g. TATA-boxes, heat-shock element and estrogen receptor binding site) present in the 5' flanking region of the rat hst70 gene is discussed.
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PMID:Isolation and nucleotide sequence analysis of the rat testis-specific major heat-shock protein (HSP70)-related gene. 168 14

A cDNA species, corresponding to a gene with testis-specific expression (TSGA), was isolated from a testis cDNA library. The temporal and spatial expression of TSGA was studied by in situ hybridization as well as RNA filter hybridization. In tissue sections, the TSGA sequence was confined to cells within the seminiferous tubules. For filter hybridization, RNA was isolated from testis of prepubertal rats of different ages as well as from enriched populations of various germ cell types. It was found that TSGA is expressed only in male germ cells and that the steady-state level of TSGA transcripts reaches a maximum during the meiotic and the postmeiotic stages of germ cell development, suggesting a meiotic or postmeiotic function for the encoded protein. TSGA encodes a putative protein having 1,214 amino acids and contains a zinc finger, a structure that previously has been shown to mediate binding to nucleic acids.
Mol Reprod Dev 1991 Nov
PMID:Analysis of a murine male germ cell-specific transcript that encodes a putative zinc finger protein. 179 93

CREB is a cAMP-responsive nuclear DNA-binding protein that binds to cAMP response elements and stimulates gene transcription upon activation of the cAMP signalling pathway. The protein consists of an amino-terminal transcriptional transactivation domain and a carboxyl-terminal DNA-binding domain (bZIP domain) comprised of a basic region and a leucine zipper involved in DNA recognition and dimerization, respectively. Recently, we discovered a testis-specific transcript of CREB that contains an alternatively spliced exon encoding multiple stop codons. CREB encoded by this transcript is a truncated protein lacking the bZIP domain. We postulated that the antigen detected by CREB antiserum in the cytoplasm of germinal cells is the truncated CREB that must also lack its nuclear translocation signal (NTS). To test this hypothesis we prepared multiple expression plasmids encoding carboxyl-terminal deletions of CREB and transiently expressed them in COS-1 cells. By Western immunoblot analysis as well as immunocytochemistry of transfected cells, we show that CREB proteins truncated to amino acid 286 or shorter are sequestered in the cytoplasm, whereas a CREB of 295 amino acids is translocated into the nucleus. Chimeric CREBs containing a heterologous NTS fused to the first 248 or 261 amino acids of CREB are able to drive the translocation of the protein into the nucleus. Thus, the nine amino acids in the basic region involved in DNA recognition between positions 287 and 295 (RRKKKEYVK) of CREB contain the NTS. Further, mutation of the lysine at position 290 in CREB to an asparagine diminishes nuclear translocation of the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Endocrinol 1991 Oct
PMID:Nuclear translocation and DNA recognition signals colocalized within the bZIP domain of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein CREB. 183 41

Two gene loci for the E1 alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex have been mapped in the mouse by in situ hybridization. One locus maps to the X chromosome in the region F3-F4, the other to chromosome 19, in band B close to the centromere. This arrangement is exactly comparable to the situation in man where there is an X-linked PDH E1 alpha locus and an autosomal locus on chromosome 4. Comparison of the regional localization of the human and mouse X-linked PDH E1 alpha genes provides further information concerning sites of rearrangement of segments of the X chromosome during mammalian evolution. The human autosomal PDH E1 alpha gene is a "processed" gene, which lacks the introns that are present in the X-linked gene. It codes for a testis-specific E1 alpha subunit that is only expressed after the onset of spermatogenesis. The comparative mapping results in the mouse suggest that the genetic organization and pattern of expression of the two PDH E1 alpha genes is the same in the two species.
Somat Cell Mol Genet 1990 Sep
PMID:Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit genes in the mouse: mapping and comparison with human homologs. 212 29

The janus locus of Drosophila melanogaster displays a very unusual organization. It comprises two partially overlapping genes, janA and janB, which are transcribed in the same orientation; the start of transcription of janB, the downstream gene, is located in the 3' exonic region of janA. Both genes are expressed during spermatogenesis. Transcription of janB is restricted to this developmental process, whereas janA is ubiquitously transcribed in both the somatic and germinal tissues of males and females. In order to delimit the cis-acting sequences regulating the transcription of janB, the expression of four chimeric janB-lacZ genes was examined in transgenic lines by Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization and in situ histochemical staining for beta-galactosidase activity. Results showed that the testis-specific expression of the janB gene is mediated by a short DNA sequence (positions -174 to +107) which is located entirely within the last exon of the upstream janA gene. The tissue specificity of the expression of the janB gene is maintained when most of the janA coding and upstream sequences are deleted. Yet the presence in cis of an active janA gene leads to reduced accumulation of the janB-lacZ hybrid mRNA. This supports the hypothesis that janA transcription interferes with the function of the janB cis-regulatory elements. Our results also demonstrate that the 5' untranslated leader of the janB mRNA contains translational cis-acting elements, which completely block the translation of the janB-lacZ transcripts during the premeiotic stages of sperm development. A janB-lacZ construct was used to examine the sexual phenotype of the germline cells of masculinized XX transformer-2 (tra-2) flies. This has enabled us to confirm at the molecular level previous observations that the germline cells of these flies can enter the spermatogenic pathway of differentiation.
Mol Gen Genet 1990 Dec
PMID:Transcriptional and translational cis-regulatory sequences of the spermatocyte-specific Drosophila janusB gene are located in the 3' exonic region of the overlapping janusA gene. 212 14

Two highly homologous subunits for phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase are encoded by human X-linked genes, PRPS1 and PRPS2 (Taira, M., Kudoh, J., Minoshima, S., Iizasa, T., Shimada, H., Shimizu, Y., Tatibana, M., and Shimizu, N. (1989b) Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 15, 29-37). These genes are expressed in most tissues, whereas an additional unique mRNA (1.4 kilobases) is present in the testes of rats as well as mice and humans (Taira, M., Iizasa, T., Yamada, K., Shimada, H., and Tatibana, M. (1989a) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1007, 203-208). In this paper, cDNA cloning revealed that the human testis-specific mRNA was encoded by an autosomal gene, termed PRPS3. RNA blot analysis showed that the expression of this gene began at 4 weeks of age in rats, coinciding with the reported appearance of primary spermatocytes. A cDNA clone of PRPS3 was sequenced and found to encode a predicted product of 317 amino acids which was highly homologous to those of PRPS1 and PRPS2 (94.3% and 91.2% identities, respectively). However, the PRPS3 cDNAs lacked an ATG initiator for translation at the expected position, and instead contained an ACG triplet. In vitro transcription/translation studies, combined with in vitro site-directed mutagenesis experiments, suggested that the ACG codon at this position did serve as a start codon. Analysis of amino-terminal sequence of the radiolabeled PRPS3 product, prepared by in vitro translation, supported the predicted sequence starting with Pro-1, and, in addition, this product was labeled with N-formyl[35S]methionyl-tRNAi. These results suggested that the synthesis of the nascent polypeptide could initiate with methionine at the position corresponding to the ACG codon.
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PMID:A human testis-specific mRNA for phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase that initiates from a non-AUG codon. 216 92

A cDNA for a potential tyrosine kinase-encoding mRNA was isolated from a mouse testis cDNA library. In a survey of eight mouse tissues, a transcript of 2.4 kilobases restricted to testis tissue was found. The mRNA encodes a 453-amino-acid protein of 51,383 daltons, the smallest tyrosine kinase protein ever described. RNA synthesized from the cDNA template directs the synthesis of a 51,000-Mr protein in a cell-free translation system. The carboxy-terminal 409 amino acids are 98 and 90% identical to the carboxy halves of the rat and human Fer proteins, respectively. This suggests that the cDNA represents an alternatively spliced testis-specific fer mRNA and is therefore termed by us ferT. On the basis of the appearance time of the fer mRNA in the testis of maturing neonatal mice, we speculate on the role played by this protein in the development of this organ.
Mol Cell Biol 1990 Jan
PMID:A murine fer testis-specific transcript (ferT) encodes a truncated Fer protein. 229 99

The testis-specific H2B histone (TH2B) gene is expressed in pachytene spermatocytes of meiotic prophase I during rat spermatogenesis. The TH2B RNA and histones are not synthesized in any other tissues, and the synthesis is independent of DNA replication. However, the cloned TH2B gene has two DNA sequence elements which stimulate transcription of the cloned gene in an S-phase-dependent manner when introduced into somatic cells. The factors interacting with the two elements, CCAAT at -127 base pairs and octamer ATTTGCAT at -93 base pairs, interact with each other to bring about a maximum stimulation of S-phase-dependent transcription. The level of CCAAT and octamer-binding proteins is unchanged during the cell cycle, and the S-phase-dependent transcription of TH2B and endogenous mouse H2B genes does not require synthesis of new proteins during the S phase. Cell cycle-specific posttranslational modification of regulatory proteins may be responsible for the S-phase-dependent transcription of H2B histone genes. The biological significance of the presence of S-phase-specific transcription regulatory elements in the DNA replication-independent and tissue-specific TH2B gene is not known.
Mol Cell Biol 1990 Feb
PMID:Characterization of the S-phase-specific transcription regulatory elements in a DNA replication-independent testis-specific H2B (TH2B) histone gene. 230 56

The genes encoding three different mammalian testis-specific nuclear chromatin proteins, mouse transition protein 1, mouse protamine 1, and mouse protamine 2, all of which are expressed postmeiotically, are marked by methylation early during spermatogenesis in the mouse. Analysis of DNA from the testes of prepubertal mice and isolated testicular cells revealed that transition protein 1 became progressively less methylated during spermatogenesis, while the two protamines became progressively more methylated; in contrast, the methylation of beta-actin, a gene expressed throughout spermatogenesis, did not change. These findings provide evidence that both de novo methylation and demethylation events are occurring after the completion of DNA replication, during meiotic prophase in the mouse testis.
Mol Cell Biol 1990 Apr
PMID:DNA methylation and demethylation events during meiotic prophase in the mouse testis. 232 9

A variety of rat tissues were screened at low stringency with a rat farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) synthetase cDNA. In testis, an FPP synthetase-related RNA was detected that was larger than the liver FPP synthetase mRNA and was present at very high levels comparable with liver FPP synthetase RNA levels obtained from rats fed diets supplemented with cholestyramine and mevinolin. Sequence analysis of testis cDNA clones, together with primer extension and S1 nuclease experiments, indicated that testis FPP synthetase transcripts contain an extended 5' untranslated region. The 5' extension contained one or two out-of-frame upstream ATGs, depending on the site of transcription initiation. Protein in vitro translation studies indicated that the extended 5' untranslated region may play a role in regulating the translation of the FPP synthetase polypeptide in rat testis. Southern blot analysis with a probe containing both testis and liver 5' untranslated sequences provided evidence that both liver and testis transcripts derive from the same gene. The data suggest that an upstream testis-specific promoter results in the abundant production of FPP synthetase transcripts that are translated at low efficiency; another promoter functions in liver and other somatic tissues and directs the regulated synthesis of shorter discrete transcripts.
Mol Cell Biol 1990 May
PMID:Testis-specific transcription initiation sites of rat farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase mRNA. 232 54


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