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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Homologous whole histone from calf thymus was adsorbed on Sepharose 4B columns with covalently coupled histone fractions H2a, H2b, H3 or H4 in 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 6.7 - 1 M NaCl. The adsorbed histones were eluted from the columns with 5 M urea in the same buffer. Electrophoretic analysis has shown that the different columns exhibit selective affinity to the histone fractions: the H2b column to histone H2b and H2a (with only weak affinity to histones H3 and H4), the H2a column to histones H2b and H3 (moderate affinity to histone H2b), and the H4 column to histone H3, H4 and H2b (weak affinity to histone H2a). Histone H1 displayed no fixation by either of the columns tested.
Mol Biol Rep 1976 Sep
PMID:A study of histone-histone interactions by affinity chromatography. 100 3

Eleven pediatric brain tumors were studied for the histone H3, Vimentin and MYC gene expression. H3, an S phase cell cycle-related gene (ccr), was found prevalently expressed in tumors with a high mitotic index (MI). Vimentin gene, which contributes to maintaining the cell structure but is also demonstrated to be an early responder gene to growth stimulation was found variously expressed. The different expression of Vimentin gene in the examined samples suggests the active proliferation of the tumor cells. Analysis of MYC gene expression was found increased only in a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma while in other samples MYC mRNA was undetectable. Medulloblastoma, chondrosarcoma, and choroid plexus carcinoma have high S phase H3 gene expression associated with a high MI. Differently an astrocytoma shows a low MI associated with high H3 gene expression. This first preliminary report of H3, Vimentin and MYC gene expression in brain tumors demonstrates that malignant cells are characterized by a different gene expression and different growth potentials.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1992 Apr
PMID:Expression of histone H3 cell cycle-related gene, vimentin and MYC genes in pediatric brain tumors. A preliminary analysis showing the different malignant cell growth potential. 131

The promoters of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H3 and H4 genes were examined for cis-acting DNA sequence elements regulating transcription and cell division cycle control. Deletion and linker disruption mutations identified two classes of regulatory elements: multiple cell cycle activation (CCA) sites and a negative regulatory site (NRS). Duplicate 19-bp CCA sites are present in both the copy I and copy II histone H3-H4 promoters arranged as inverted repeats separated by 45 and 68 bp. The CCA sites are both necessary and sufficient to activate transcription under cell division cycle control. A single CCA site provides cell cycle control but is a weak transcriptional activator, while an inverted repeat comprising two CCA sites provides both strong transcriptional activation and cell division cycle control. The NRS was identified in the copy I histone H3-H4 promoter. Deletion or disruption of the NRS increased the level of the histone H3 promoter activity but did not alter the cell division cycle periodicity of transcription. When the CCA sites were deleted from the histone promoter, the NRS element was unable to confer cell division cycle control on the remaining basal level of transcription. When the NRS element was inserted into the promoter of a foreign reporter gene, transcription was constitutively repressed and did not acquire cell cycle regulation.
Mol Cell Biol 1992 Dec
PMID:Histone H3 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by multiple cell cycle activation sites and a constitutive negative regulatory element. 144 78

We demonstrate that members of the erk-encoded family of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases (pp44/42mapk/erk) and members of the rsk-encoded protein kinases (RSKs or pp90rsk) are present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HeLa cells. Addition of growth factors to serum-deprived cells results in increased tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation and in the activation of cytosolic and nuclear MAP kinases. Activated MAP kinases then phosphorylate (serine/threonine) and activate RSKs. Concurrently, a fraction of the activated MAP kinases and RSKs enter the nucleus. In addition, a distinct growth-regulated RSK-kinase activity (an enzyme[s] that phosphorylates recombinant RSK in vitro and that may be another member of the erk-encoded family of MAP kinases) was found associated with a postnuclear membrane fraction. Regulation of nuclear MAP kinase and RSK activities by growth factors and phorbol ester is coordinate with immediate-early gene expression. Indeed, in vitro, MAP kinase and/or RSK phosphorylates histone H3 and the recombinant c-Fos and c-Jun polypeptides, transcription factors phosphorylated in a variety of cells in response to growth stimuli. These in vitro studies raise the possibility that the MAP kinase/RSK signal transduction pathway represents a protein-Tyr/Ser/Thr phosphorylation cascade with the spatial distribution and temporal regulation that can account for the rapid transmission of growth-regulating information from the membrane, through the cytoplasm, and to the nucleus.
Mol Cell Biol 1992 Mar
PMID:Nuclear localization and regulation of erk- and rsk-encoded protein kinases. 154 23

The 29 species of the Tetrahymena pyriformis complex are morphologically identical while being quite diverse at the molecular level. These species are also diverse relative to other eukaryotes. Phylogenetic relationships within the complex have been difficult to determine, because there are groups of closely related species, as well as individual species, that are highly divergent. We have sequenced portions of two highly conserved histone genes and the more rapidly evolving intergenic region between them. These sequences have been used to construct a phylogeny for the complex. A comparison of the amino-terminal portion of the histone H4 proteins from the species of the complex reveals a high degree of sequence diversity relative to that of other organisms. In contrast, the amino-terminal portions of the histone H3 proteins of the species in the complex are identical to each other. We also find that the pattern of nucleotide substitution in the intergenic region differs from that described for higher eukaryotes.
Mol Biol Evol 1992 Jan
PMID:Phylogenetic relationships and unusual diversity in histone H4 proteins within the Tetrahymena pyriformis complex. 155 42

We isolated a complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the TATA-binding factor 'TFIID' from a wheat seedling cDNA library. The wheat TFIID transcript of 1.2 kb poly(A)+ RNA was expressed at a low level early in germination, but gradually increased as the seedlings developed. In vitro binding experiments showed that the bacterially expressed wheat TFIID protein could specifically bind to the TATA boxes of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S, wheat histone H3 and adenovirus major late genes with different affinity. A comparison with Arabidopsis TFIID showed the presence of a plant-specific region consisting of 13 amino acids at the divergent amino terminus and a conserved region (182 amino acids) at the carboxy terminus longer than that observed in yeasts (180 amino acids) and animals (181 amino acids).
Plant Mol Biol 1992 Aug
PMID:Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding the TATA box-binding protein (TFIID) from wheat. 164 87

We have isolated a cytochrome c gene from Arabidopsis thaliana (cv. Columbia), which is the first cytochrome c gene to be cloned from a higher plant. Genomic DNA blot analysis indicates that there is only one copy of cytochrome c in Arabidopsis. The gene consists of three exons separated by two introns. Gene features such as regulatory regions, codon usage, and conserved splicing-specific sequences are all present and typical of dicotyledonous plant nuclear genes. We have constructed phenograms and cladograms for cytochrome c amino acid sequences and histone H3, alcohol dehydrogenase, and actin DNA sequences. For both cytochrome c and histone H3, Arabidopsis clusters poorly with other higher plants. Instead, it clusters with Neurospora and/or the yeasts. We suggest that perhaps this observation should be considered when using Arabidopsis as a model system for higher plants.
J Mol Evol 1991 Mar
PMID:Structure and molecular evolutionary analysis of a plant cytochrome c gene: surprising implications for Arabidopsis thaliana. 164 38

Histone H3 proteins were purified to near homogeneity from callus cultures of dicotyledonous plants alfalfa, soybean, Arabidopsis, carrot and tobacco to determine the number of histone H3 variants. In every species two histone H3 variants were identified by gradient gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase chromatography. They were named H3.1 and H3.2 in order of increasing mobility in acid-urea-Triton gels. Co-electrophoresis of histone H3.2 proteins of all species in this gel system and HPLC co-chromatography suggest that all histone H3.2 variants have a primary protein sequence identical to alfalfa H3.2. Two distinct H3.1 variant forms were identified, represented by alfalfa and Arabidopsis H3.1 proteins which differ only at residue 90. Soybean H3.1 resembles H3.1 of alfalfa. Carrot and tobacco H3.1 appear identical to the Arabidopsis H3.1 histone variant. All H3 proteins were acetylated to multiple levels and in each plant the histone H3.2 forms were more highly acetylated. An inverse relationship was observed between plant genome size and the relative abundance of histone variant H3.2 and also with the level of acetylation of both histone H3 variants. This correlation matches the general tendency that in plants with smaller genomes a larger fraction of the genome is transcriptionally active.
Plant Mol Biol 1992 Jan
PMID:Existence of two histone H3 variants in dicotyledonous plants and correlation between their acetylation and plant genome size. 173 82

Chimeric genes containing the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene under the control of different Arabidopsis histone H3 and H4 promoters were found to be highly expressed in transient expression experiments using tobacco protoplasts. The activity of one of these promoters, H4A748, was further analyzed. The kinetics of H4A748-GUS activity are very similar to these of a CaMV 35S-GUS constitutive gene during protoplast culture. No increase in H4A748-GUS activity was found after 24 h of protoplast culture when DNA synthesis starts, nor was the GUS activity affected when an inhibitor of DNA synthesis was included in the culture medium. This failure to detect any replication-dependent activity is most likely to be due to the fact that transient transcription of the introduced construct is restricted to the first 24 h following transfection. Stable integration of the H4A748-GUS gene into tobacco plants showed that the histone promoter could confer increased expression in meristematic tissues but it is also expressed to significant levels in non-proliferating tissues. Protoplasts prepared from these transgenic tobacco plants were cultivated under different conditions that affect DNA synthesis. Analysis of H4A748-GUS activity revealed (i) the existence of a basal replication-independent activity and (ii) a replication-dependent activity induced in parallel with DNA synthesis. These results show that the histone H4 promoter is able to direct both replication-dependent and -independent gene expression.
Mol Gen Genet 1992 Jan
PMID:A plant histone gene promoter can direct both replication-dependent and -independent gene expression in transgenic plants. 173 97

We have compared the expression of the retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 genes in normal human fibroblasts, colon carcinoma cell lines, matched pairs of colorectal tumor tissues and adjacent normal mucosa and in synchronized human diploid fibroblast cell line WI38. The increased expression of Rb and p53 RNA was observed in a majority of colorectal cancers in comparison to adjacent normal mucosa and is accompanied by proportional increase in the expression of histone H3 gene. The Rb and p53 RNA levels varied significantly between the various colon carcinoma cell lines. However, we found that the expression of Rb and p53 RNA is regulated differently in cell cycle synchronized normal human fibroblasts. The Rb mRNA level did not change with the position in the cell cycle and did not differ significantly whether the cells were serum deprived or in 10% serum. But p53 mRNA expression follows the same pattern as histone H3 mRNA.
Mol Cell Biochem 1991 Sep 18
PMID:Comparative study of the expression of Rb and p53 genes in human colorectal cancers, colon carcinoma cell lines and synchronized human fibroblasts. 178 74


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