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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
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Rho family G proteins, including Rac and Cdc42, regulate a variety of cellular functions such as morphology, motility, and gene expression. We developed fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based probes which monitored the local balance between the activities of guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins for Rac1 and Cdc42 at the membrane. These probes, named Raichu-Rac and Raichu-Cdc42, consisted of a Cdc42- and Rac-binding domain of Pak, Rac1 or Cdc42, a pair of green fluorescent protein mutants, and a CAAX box of Ki-Ras. With these probes, we video imaged the Rac and Cdc42 activities. In motile HT1080 cells, activities of both Rac and Cdc42 gradually increased toward the leading edge and decreased rapidly when cells changed direction. Under a higher magnification, we observed that Rac activity was highest immediately behind the leading edge, whereas Cdc42 activity was most prominent at the tip of the leading edge. Raichu-Rac and Raichu-Cdc42 were also applied to a rapid and simple assay for the analysis of putative guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) in living cells. Among six putative GEFs and GAPs, we identified KIAA0362/DBS as a GEF for Rac and Cdc42, KIAA1256 as a GEF for Cdc42, KIAA0053 as a GAP for Rac and Cdc42, and KIAA1204 as a GAP for Cdc42. In conclusion, use of these single-molecule probes to determine Rac and Cdc42 activity will accelerate the analysis of the spatiotemporal regulation of Rac and Cdc42 in a living cell.
Mol Cell Biol 2002 Sep
PMID:Activation of rac and cdc42 video imaged by fluorescent resonance energy transfer-based single-molecule probes in the membrane of living cells. 1219 56

RhoGAP family proteins, encoded by ARHGAP family genes, are negative regulators of Rho family GTPases, which are implicated in actin remodeling, cell polarity control, and cell migration. Based on the homology with ARHGAP22, we identified and characterized two novel ARHGAP family genes, ARHGAP24 and ARHGAP25. FLJ33877 cDNA (AK091196.1) and aberrant DKFZp564- B1162 cDNA (NM_031305.1) were derived from human ARHGAP24 gene. Two isoforms of KIAA0053 type (D29642.1) and BM927439 type were derived from human ARHGAP25 gene due to alternative splicing (alternative promoter). Mouse 0610025G21 (NM_029270.1) and A130039I20 (AK037710.1) were representative cDNAs derived from mouse Arhgap24 and Arhgap25 genes, respectively. Exon-intron structure of ARHGAP25 gene at human chromosome 2p13 was slightly divergent from that of ARHGAP22 and ARHGAP24 genes. MGC35285, MAPK8 and C10orf64 genes linked to ARHGAP22 gene were paralogs of PTPN13, MAPK10 and WDFY3 genes linked to ARHGAP24 gene, respectively. MGC35285-ARHGAP22-MAPK8-C10orf64 locus at human chromosome 10q11 and the WDFY3-ARHGAP24-MAPK10-PTPN13 locus at human chromosome 4q21 were paralogous regions (paralogons) within the human genome. Human ARHGAP24 showed 91.8% and 48.6% total-amino-acid identity with mouse Arhgap24 and human ARHGAP22, respectively. Human ARHGAP25 showed 86.1% and 40.8% total-amino-acid identity with mouse Arhgap25 and human ARHGAP22, respectively. ARHGAP22, ARHGAP24 and ARHGAP25 were found to constitute the RhoGAP subfamily featured by Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and C-terminal Coiled-coil domain. This is the first report on identification and characterization of the ARHGAP24 and ARHGAP25 genes.
Int J Mol Med 2004 Aug
PMID:Identification and characterization of ARHGAP24 and ARHGAP25 genes in silico. 1525 88