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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cells transformed with the middle tumor antigen (mT) of polyomavirus were treated with sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4), an inhibitor of phosphotyrosine phosphatases, to enhance for the detection of cellular proteins which are phosphorylated on tyrosine. Na3VO4 treatment of mT-transformed rat F1-11 cells resulted in a 16-fold elevation in the level of phosphotyrosine associated with total cellular proteins. Parental F1-11 cells displayed only a twofold increase in phosphotyrosine following Na3VO4 treatment. The abundance of phosphotyrosine in Na3VO4-treated mT-transformed F1-11 cells was twofold higher than in untreated Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed F1-11 cells and 3.5-fold lower than in Na3VO4-treated RSV-transformed F1-11 cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of many cellular proteins, including p36, the major substrate of the RSV pp60v-src protein, was detected in Na3VO4-treated mT-transformed F1-11 cells at levels comparable to those observed in RSV-transformed cells. Some of the major protein species recognized by antiphosphotyrosine antibodies in Na3VO4-treated mT-transformed cells displayed electrophoretic mobilities similar to those detected in RSV-transformed F1-11 cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of p36 was also detected in fibroblasts infected with polyomavirus. There was no detectable difference in the kinase activity of pp60c-src:mT extracted from untreated and Na3VO4-treated mT-transformed cells; however, Na3VO4 treatment of F1-11 and mT-transformed F1-11 cells was shown to inhibit the activity of phosphotyrosine phosphatases in a crude assay of total cellular activity with pp60v-src as the substrate. Thus, Na3VO4 treatment may allow the detection of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in mT-transformed cells by preventing the turnover of phosphate on substrates phosphorylated by activated cellular protein-tyrosine kinases associated with mT. These results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins may be involved in the events that are responsible for mT-induced cellular transformation.
Mol Cell Biol 1987 Feb
PMID:Detection of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in polyomavirus middle tumor antigen-transformed cells after treatment with a phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. 243 35

An evaluation has been made of the E. coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene for use as a reporter gene in mammalian cells in culture. We have adopted a histochemical procedure which enables identification of those cells within a population that express the introduced bacterial gene. Data is presented concerning the sensitivity of the histochemical method relative to an immunological method of detection. It has been found that several clonal cell lines generated after transfection of human 293 cells with a Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter-beta-gal construction are mosaic for expression of the introduced mini-gene. Furthermore, after treatment of these clonal cell lines with the nucleoside analog 5-aza-cytidine (5-aza-C), an increase in production of beta-gal under control of this promoter element was observed.
Somat Cell Mol Genet 1987 May
PMID:Histochemical staining of clonal mammalian cell lines expressing E. coli beta galactosidase indicates heterogeneous expression of the bacterial gene. 244 Jan 17

pp60c-src, the cellular homolog of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein, does not completely transform cells even when present at high levels, but has been shown to be involved in polyomavirus-induced transformation when activated by polyomavirus middle T (pmt)-antigen binding. Here we show that cotransfection, but not solo transfection, of expression plasmids for c-src and either adenovirus E1A, v-myc, c-myc, or the 5' half of polyomavirus large T (pltN) antigen into NIH 3T3 cells induces anchorage-independent growth, enhanced focus formation, and, for pltN cotransfection, tumorigenicity in adult NFS mice. Enhancement of transformation was not observed with polyomavirus small t (pst) antigen. Cotransfection of c-src with pltN induced modification of pp60c-src that altered its electrophoretic mobility and in vivo phosphorylation state and stimulated its in vitro kinase activity. Similar alterations were not seen after c-src-E1A cotransfection, suggesting that at least two different mechanisms of enhancement are involved.
Mol Cell Biol 1987 Oct
PMID:Transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by cotransfection with c-src and nuclear oncogenes. 244 17

Previous studies have shown that carboxyl-terminal mutation of pp60c-src can activate its transforming ability. Conflicting results have been reported for the transforming ability of pp60c-src mutants having only mutations outside its carboxyl-terminal region. To clarify the effects of such mutations, we tested the activities of chimeric v(amino)- and c(carboxyl)-src (v/c-src) proteins at different dosages in NIH 3T3 cells. The focus-forming activity of Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (LTR)-src expression plasmids was significantly reduced when the v-src 3' coding region was replaced with the corresponding c-src region. This difference was masked when the Rous sarcoma virus LTR was replaced with the Moloney murine leukemia virus LTR, which induced approximately 20-fold more protein expression, but even focus-selected lines expressing v/c-src proteins were unable to form large colonies in soft agarose or tumors in NFS mice. This suggests that pp60c-src is not equally sensitive to mutations in its different domains and that there are at least two distinguishable levels of regulation, the dominant one being associated with its carboxyl terminus. v/c-src chimeric proteins expressed with either LTR had high in vitro specific kinase activity equal to that of pp60v-src but, in contrast, were phosphorylated at both Tyr-527 and Tyr-416. Total cell protein phosphotyrosine was enhanced in cells incompletely transformed by v/c-src proteins to the same extent as in v-src-transformed cells, suggesting that the carboxyl-terminal region may affect substrate specificity in a manner that is important for transformation.
Mol Cell Biol 1988 Feb
PMID:v-src mutations outside the carboxyl-coding region are not sufficient to fully activate transformation by pp60c-src in NIH 3T3 cells. 245 Nov 22

A broad base of data has implicated a role for the c-myc proto-oncogene in the control of the cell cycle and cell differentiation. To further define the role of myc in these processes, I examined the effect of enforced myc expression on several events that are thought to be important steps leading to the terminally differentiated state: (i) the ability to arrest growth in G0/G1, (ii) the ability to replicate the genome upon initiation of the differentiation program, and (iii) the ability to lose responsiveness to mitogens and withdraw from the cell cycle. 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell lines expressing various levels of myc mRNA were established by transfection with a recombinant myc gene under the transcriptional control of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter. Cells that expressed high constitutive levels of pRSVmyc mRNA arrested in G0/G1 at densities similar to those of normal cells at confluence. Upon initiation of the differentiation program, such cells traversed the cell cycle with kinetics similar to those of normal cells and subsequently arrested in G0/G1. Thus, enforced expression of myc had no effect on the ability of cells to arrest growth in G0/G1 or to replicate the genome upon initiation of the differentiation program. Cells were then tested for their ability to reenter the cell cycle upon exposure to high concentrations of serum and for their capacity to differentiate. In contrast to normal cells, cells expressing high constitutive levels of myc RNA reentered the cell cycle when challenged with 30% serum and failed to terminally differentiate. The block to differentiation could be reversed by high expression of myc antisense RNA, showing that the induced block was specifically due to enforced expression of pRSVmyc. These findings indicate that 3T3-L1 preadipocytes enter a specific state in G0/G1 after treatment with differentiation inducers, into which cells expressing high constitutive levels of myc RNA are precluded from entering. I propose that myc acts as a molecular switch and directs cells to a pathway that can lead to continued proliferation or to terminal differentiation.
Mol Cell Biol 1988 Apr
PMID:Enforced expression of the c-myc oncogene inhibits cell differentiation by precluding entry into a distinct predifferentiation state in G0/G1. 245 93

pp60c-src is phosphorylated mainly on Ser-17 and Tyr-527 in vivo. In this study, we examined the effect of the phosphorylation of Ser-17 on the properties of pp60c-src by introducing Rous sarcoma virus variants carrying pp60c-src in which Ser-17 had been substituted, into chicken embryo fibroblasts. The Ala-17 substitution in wild-type pp60c-src and pp60c-src carrying Phe-527 caused a two- to threefold elevation in the kinase activity in vitro of these proteins; the former variant resulted in no morphological changes of infected cells, whereas the latter variant transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts. Since the substitution of Tyr-527 per se has been reported to activate pp60c-src, these results suggest that the abolishment of the phosphorylation of Ser-17 does not affect noticeably the properties of pp60c-src in chicken embryo fibroblasts.
Mol Cell Biol 1988 Apr
PMID:Substitution of Ser-17 of pp60c-src: biological and biochemical characterization in chicken embryo fibroblasts. 245 97

Previous studies identified the amino acid changes involved in the activation of p60c-src and revealed that the activation accompanies an alteration of its tyrosine-phosphorylation site. We show here that p60c-src that had been converted to transforming protein by amino acid substitution of the c-src gene either at position 63, 95 and 96, or 338 (J. Kato, T. Takeya, C. Grandori, H. Iba, J. B. Levy, and H. Hanafusa, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4155-4160, 1986) and encoded in a Rous sarcoma virus variant was phosphorylated on both Tyr-416 and Tyr-527 in chicken embryo fibroblasts. The results obtained from protease V8 analysis, tryptic peptide mapping, and fractionation with nonionic detergent indicated that the p60 of each variant was present in two forms in the population of the virus-infected cells; one was phosphorylated on Tyr-416, and the other was phosphorylated on Tyr-527. On the other hand, colonies isolated in soft agar contained exclusively p60 of which only Tyr-416 was phosphorylated. These results implied that the limited population of p60 was activated in these Rous sarcoma virus variant-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts and that the activated p60 was concentrated in transformed cells. Furthermore, these two forms of p60 differed in their affinity for the detergent-insoluble cellular matrix in spite of their identical primary amino acid sequences, suggesting that the effect of alteration of the tyrosine phosphorylation site was coupled with the degree of stability of this association.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of partially activated p60c-src in chicken embryo fibroblasts. 246 79

The protein substrates for the tyrosine protein kinases in cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses were analyzed by gel electrophoresis in combination with immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation by antibodies against phosphotyrosine. We found that greater than 90% of phosphotyrosine-containing cellular proteins can be immunoprecipitated by these antibodies. The level of phosphotyrosine-containing cellular proteins detectable by this method markedly increased upon transformation with Rous sarcoma virus, and more than 20 distinct bands of such proteins were found in lysates of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells. Most of these phosphotyrosine-containing proteins had not been identified by other methods, and their presence appeared to correlate with morphological transformation in cells infected with various Rous sarcoma virus mutants and Y73, PRCII, and Fujinami sarcoma viruses. However, considerably different patterns were obtained with cells infected with nontransforming Rous sarcoma virus mutants that encode nonmyristylated src kinases, indicating that most substrates that correlate with transformation can only be recognized by p60v-src associated with the plasma membrane.
Mol Cell Biol 1988 Aug
PMID:Phosphorylation of cellular proteins in Rous sarcoma virus-infected cells: analysis by use of anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. 246 69

Previous investigations have shown that Ca2+ strongly and specifically stimulates endogenous PRL gene expression by GH3 cells. In this study, addition of Ca2+ to Ca2+-deprived GH3 cells yielded a large (ca. 8-fold) stimulation of transient expression of a transfected PRL-chloramphenical acetyltransferase (CAT) construct containing ca. 1 kilo-base-pair of the PRL promoter region, but only a slight (less than or equal to 2-fold) nonspecific stimulation of CAT activity directed by any of three control promoters: dihydrofolate reductase, Rous sarcoma virus, or thymidine kinase. In GH3 cells never deprived of Ca2+, expression of a PRL-CAT construct was specifically stimulated and inhibited, respectively, by the dihydropyridine voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel modulators Bay K8644 and nimodipine; Ca2+ can thus regulate expression of an exogenous PRL promoter in cells incubated under physiological Ca2+ conditions. By employing a combined protocol, in which Ca2+-deprived cells are exposed to Ca2+ in the presence of Bay K8644, a very large (greater than 35-fold) but still promoter-specific induction of expression of a PRL-CAT construct was obtained. Analysis of 5'-deleted PRL-CAT constructs implied that the PRL gene Ca2+ response element is contained entirely within the first 174 base pairs of upstream flanking DNA sequence.
Mol Endocrinol 1988 Nov
PMID:Proximal upstream flanking sequences direct calcium regulation of the rat prolactin gene. 246 50

Effective transcription of virus-specific sequences was shown in Escherichia coli cells that carry recombinant plasmids pPrC11 and psrcC with fragments of the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) genome. Analysis of transcripts revealed several classes of RNA, one of which is probably transcribed from the structural part of the RSV src gene. Analysis of the primary structure of the region adjacent to the src RSV gene showed the existence of sequences similar to the bacterial promoters from which the src-specific RNAs can be transcribed. The synthesized RNA directs the translation of a functionally active protein product, that has tyrosine-specific phosphoproteinkinase activity.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Transcription and expression in Escherichia coli of src gene cloned sequences of rous sarcoma virus]. 247 49


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