Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. A Valsalva-like manoeuvre was used to elicit graded rises in total peripheral resistance (TPR) in conscious rabbits. The rises were reflex and mediated through sympathetic constrictors. Propranolol infused at different rates reaching plasma concentrations up to 240 (SEM 33) ng/ml had no effect on this reflex but reduced mean arterial pressure. However, the response was attenuated by clonidine in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Valsalva manoeuvres were used to elicit graded sympathetically mediated rises in TPR index in twenty-nine subjects with mean arterial pressure ranging from 75 to 165 mmHg. Absolute sensitivity of the constrictor response increased with rising resting TPR index, resulting in some enhancement of constrictor responses in the hypertensive subjects. It seems likely that non-autonomic factors (e.g. vessel structure) rather than hyperactive neural constrictor effects are involved in the enhanced constrictor responses in essential hypertension.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1976 Dec
PMID:Valsalva vasoconstrictor reflex in human hypertension in after beta-adrenoreceptor blockade in conscious rabbits. 1 55

1. Oxygen consumption and central haemodynamics were recorded at rest and during exercise in fifty-one men with essential hypertension (W.H.O. stage I) and repeated after 1 year on a single drug: alprenolol (n equals 10), atenolol (13) metoprolol (12) and timolol (16). 2. Mean arterial pressure was significantly reduced in all groups at rest (11-18%) and during exercise (5-11%). Heart rate was significantly reduced in all groups (20-28%) at rest and (17-26%) during exercise. Owing to increase in supine resting and exercise stroke volume in the alprenolol and atenolol group, cardiac index decreased less than heart rate---in contrast to the timolol group where cardiac index was decreased 26-32%. The calculated post-treatment total peripheral resistance was significantly increased at rest and during exercise in the timolol group. In the other groups the total peripheral resistance was significantly increased at rest when sitting, but not at rest when supine and during exercise. 3. It is concluded that the major haemodynamic changes induced in subjects with moderate and mild essential hypertension by these different beta-receptor blockers are the same, but that minor differences exist with respect to effect upon stroke volume and total peripheral resistance.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1976 Dec
PMID:Haemodynamic long-term effects of beta-receptor-blocking agents in hypertension: a comparison between alprenolol, atenolol, metoprolol and timolol. 1 59

1. Immediate and long-term blood pressure-lowering activity of five beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists with different ancillary pharmacological properties were compared in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled factorial trial in twenty-five previously untreated patients with stable uncomplicated essential hypertension. 2. In doses which produced similar reductions in exercise tachycardia, all drugs exerted similar anti-hypertensive activity, which was greater on systolic than diastolic pressure and greatest during exercise. 3. These effects were maximum within an hour and lasted for over 8 h after a single oral dose. 4. Blood pressure-lowering activity, particularly the reduction in exercise systolic pressure, was significantly related to the logarithm of the dose of each drug. 5. Anti-hypertensive activity was maximally enhanced after 4 weeks of sustained treatment at any given dose. There was no short-term habituation to treatment and substitution with placebo resulted in a return of the blood pressure to pretreatment values within 4 weeks without subsequent overshoot. 6. The blood pressure-lowering activity of these drugs was predominantly related to their common property of competitive antagonism of cardiac beta-adrenoreceptors; their ancillary pharmacological properties, with the exception of intrinsic vasodilator activity, played little part in this response.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1976 Dec
PMID:Comparative anti-hypertensive effectiveness of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists with different pharmacological properties: dose-response studies during acute and chronic administration. 1 60

1. Nine men aged 20-33 years with essential hypertension measured their own blood pressure at home, lying and standing, three times daily, under conditions of everyday living. The last 14 days' readings (eighty-four observations) from control and treatment periods of at least 4 weeks' duration were used to calculate mean pressures. 2. In eight patients, propranolol (40 mg thrice daily with meals) significantly lowered "mean blood pressure" (diastolic+1/3[systolic-diastolic]) but methyclothiazide (5 mg with breakfast) did not. In five subjects, prindolol (5 mg thrice daily with meals) significantly lowered "mean blood pressure" but methyclothiazide (5 mg with breakfast) did not. 3. In six subjects there was no significant difference between "mean blood pressure" when taking propranolol doses 120 mg with breakfast, 60 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal, and 40 mg with each meal. In five subjects there was no significant difference between "mean blood pressure" when taking metoprolol 200 mg with breakfast and 100 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal. In four subjects there was no significant difference between "mean blood pressure" when taking prindolol 30 mg with breakfast, 15 mg with breakfast and with the evening meal, and 10 mg with each meal. 4. In young males with essential hypertension, beta-adrenoreceptor blockers were more effective than a thiazide diuretic in lowering blood pressure, and were effective in a single daily dose.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1976 Dec
PMID:Initial treatment of the young hypertensive: thiazide diuretic or beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking agent in a single daily dose? 1 62

1. In seventeen patients with untreated essential hypertension the sodium and water contents of leucocytes were significantly increased, whereas the rate constant for ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux was significantly reduced. 2. These abnormalities were not found in fourteen other patients with well-controlled hypertension. 3. Preliminary observations in accelerated hypertension suggest a different pattern of abnormality in leucocyte sodium metabolism.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1975 Jun
PMID:Abnormal sodium transport in leucocytes from patients with essential hypertension and the effect of treatment. 2 75

1. A clinical study of pyratrione, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, has been carried out in essential hypertension. 2. Out of thirty-nine patients who received pyratrione, twenty-eight showed a significant decrease in blood pressure.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1975 Jun
PMID:Effect of pyratrione (a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor) in essential hypertension. 2 76

1. Active and acid-activable inactive renin were measured in renal venous and arterial plasma of 18 patients with essential hypertension (EHT) and 19 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVHT). In seven patients with EHT and in 11 patients with RVHT measurements were made before and 25-35 min after an intravenous injection of 300 mg of diazoxide. 2. Under basal conditions the renal vein to artery ratios for active and inactive renin in EHT ranged from 0.71 to 1.96 and from 0.68 to 1.44 respectively. In 14 patients with RVHT the renal vein to artery ratio for active renin on the affected side was above the range found in EHT and in six of them the renal vein to artery ratio for inactive renin was also elevated. 3. The diazoxide-induced release of active renin from kidneys, which had a stenotic artery but were not seriously contracted, was associated with a fall of the renal vein to artery ratio for inactive renin to a value below 1.00. 4. The results indicate that changes in the release of active and inactive renin do not always run in parallel. The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that circulating inactive renin can be activated in the kidney.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1978 Dec
PMID:Renal release of active and inactive renin in essential and renovascular hypertension. 3 2

1. Chlorothiazide twice a day plus atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol and propranolol in single daily doses administered to patients with essential hypertension achieved effective control of blood pressure. 2. Each beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drug was associated with small, but significant, increases in plasma triglyceride concentrations and suppression of fasting immuno-reactive glucagon concentrations.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1978 Dec
PMID:beta-Adrenoreceptor-blocking agents and lipid metabolism. 3 7

1. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured in supine and upright positions in 27 essential hypertensive patients and in 12 age-matched control subjects. 2. Plasma adrenaline was markedly increased in a large proportion of patients, compared with control subjects, either in supine or in upright positions, whereas no significant differences were found in plasma noradrenaline. 3. Six hypertensive patients were chronically treated with beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents (five with propranolol and one with pindolol). Plasma noradrenaline was not significantly changed in the supine position but was markedly increased on standing in four out of six patients. Plasma adrenaline was decreased in five out of six patients either in suprine or upright positions. 4. These findings support the view that the adrenergic system participates in the mechanism of essential hypertension.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1978 Dec
PMID:Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline in essential hypertension and after long-term treatment with beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents. 3 10

1. In plasma samples from normal subjects and patients with untreated essential hypertension, the concentration of inactive renin (as measured after acidification) was on average 4-5 times higher than the concentration of active renin (as measured without acidification).2. Plasma angiotensin II concentration was correlated to active renin but not to inactive renin. 3. A hyperacute stimulation induced by infusion of saralasin resulted in a marked rise of active renin, whereas inactive renin remained unchanged. 4. An acute stimulation induced by frusemide and ambulation led to a considerable rise in active renin and a slight, but significant, rise of inactive renin. 5. Stimulation with oral thiazide over 5 days induced a seven-fold rise of active renin, with a doubling of inactive renin. Thiazide treatment for 3 months led to a four-fold rise of active renin and a three-fold rise of inactive renin. 6. There was no difference between the concentrations of inactive renin in systemic plasma, ipsilateral and contralateral renal venous plasma in 12 patients with renovascular hypertension, neither before nor after infusion of saralasin with the associated fall in blood pressure. 7. We conclude that the time constants pertinent to secretion or release of active and inactive renin in man are of different orders of magnitude.
Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl 1978 Dec
PMID:Different secretion patterns of active and inactive renin in man. 28 41


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