Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We previously identified a novel lectin cDNA from the fall webworm [Shin et al. (1998) Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 28, 827-837], which encodes two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD-N and CRD-C) and is up-regulated following bacterial challenge. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding activities of the recombinant CRD-N and CRD-C (rCRD-N and rCRD-C) were investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The LPS binding of rCRD-N and rCRD-C was pH-dependent: at pH below 6.0, they show a higher binding ability to LPS. The binding of the rCRD-N was inhibited by both D-mannose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, whereas the binding of the rCRD-C was inhibited only by D-mannose. The binding of both rCRD-N and rCRD-C to Escherichia coli was mainly mediated through the O-specific chain.
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PMID:Two carbohydrate recognition domains of Hyphantria cunea lectin bind to bacterial lipopolysaccharides through O-specific chain. 1066 59

Refsum disease is an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder of the lipid metabolism. Major diagnostic clinical findings include retinitis pigmentosa, peripheral polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, increased cerebrospinal fluid protein without pleocytosis, nerve deafness, and cardiac involvement. We have identified a novel protein (PAHX-AP #1) associated with phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase (PAHX), a Refsum disease gene product, using the yeast-based two-hybrid assay. The middle portion (amino acids 83-264) of PAHX was used as a bait and a mouse brain cDNA library was searched. The ability of PAHX-AP #1 to interact with PAHX was confirmed using immunoprecipitation and Western blot studies in NIH3T3 cells which stably expressed both PAHX and PAHX-AP #1. Northern and Western blot analyses demonstrated a unique pattern of developmental PAHX-AP #1 expression which was targeted to the adult brain, but ubiquitous expressions of PAHX were observed in all examined tissues. In situ hybridization analyses of the brain showed specific localization of PAHX-AP #1 to the supragranular layer in the cerebral cortex, dentate gyrus, hippocampus, Purkinje cell layer, deep cerebellar nucleus, trigeminal nucleus, abducent nucleus, facial nucleus, cochlear and vestibular nucleus, ganglion cell and nuclear layer of the retina. These data indicate that localization of PAHX-AP #1 in the brain is correlated with central neurologic symptoms of Refsum disease such as retinitis pigmentosa, cerebellar ataxia, nerve deafness and suggest that PAHX-AP #1 may be involved in the development of the central neurologic deficits of Refsum disease.
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2000 Feb 22
PMID:Identification of a brain specific protein that associates with a refsum disease gene product, phytanoyl-CoA alpha-hydroxylase. 1068 44

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are designed to bind to and inhibit a target mRNA. We used a novel approach for the design of ODNs to the c-myc mRNA using protein binding sites as targets for ODN action. Our strategy was to identify ODNs that could interfere with the coding region determinant-binding protein (CRD-BP), a protein that binds to the CRD region of the c-myc mRNA. Using an in vitro gel shift assay, we show that ODN molecules can occlude the CRD-BP from the mRNA. The best ODN, CRD-ODN4, was able to inhibit RNA binding of the CRD-BP by 75%. This effect was sequence-specific and concentration dependent. K562 cells treated with a 2'-O-methyl derivative of CRD-ODN4 showed a concentration-dependent decrease in both c-myc mRNA and protein levels, with a maximal 65% inhibition of protein expression at 200 nM CRD-ODN4. In contrast, a 2'-O-methyl ODN derivative targeting the translation initiation codon (antimyc-aug) reduced c-myc protein but actually increased mRNA levels, an effect resulting at least partly from stabilization of the c-myc mRNA. CRD-ODN4 treatment did not alter the c-myc mRNA half-life. CRD-ODN4 was more effective in inhibiting K562 cell growth than antimyc-aug, reducing cell number by approximately 70% after 48 h of exposure to 750 nM. The correlation between ODN effects on RNA-protein interactions in vitro and those observed in cells supports the hypothesis that CRD-ODN4 inhibits the interaction between the CRD-BP and the c-myc mRNA and that disrupting this RNA-protein interaction reduces c-myc expression in cells.
Mol Pharmacol 2000 Mar
PMID:Inhibition of c-myc expression in cells by targeting an RNA-protein interaction using antisense oligonucleotides. 1069 88

X-linked progressive retinal atrophy (XLPRA) in the Siberian husky dog is a naturally occurring X-linked retinopathy closely resembling X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) in humans. In affected males, initial degeneration of rods is followed by cone degeneration and complete retinal atrophy; carrier females have random patches of rod degeneration consistent with random X chromosome inactivation. By typing the XLPRA pedigree with five intragenic markers [dystrophin, retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator ( RPGR ), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1, androgen receptor and factor IX], we established a linkage map of the canine X chromosome, and confirmed that the order of these five genes is identical to that on the human X. XLPRA was tightly linked to an intragenic RPGR polymorphism (LOD 11.7, zero recombination), thus confirming locus homology with RP3. We cloned the full-length canine RPGR cDNA and three additional splice variants. No disease-causing mutation was found in the RPGR-coding sequence of the four splice variants characterized, a finding similar to approximately 80% of human XLRP patients whose disease maps to the RP3 locus. In addition, there were no significant differences in the proportional expression of each splice variant in normal and pre-degenerate XLPRA-affected retina. Expression of all RPGR splice variants increased later in the disease, when retinas were undergoing active degeneration. The results provide further evidence of cross-species retention of a complex splicing pattern in the 3' portion of RPGR, the functional significance of which is unknown. In addition, the possibility of another disease locus in the RP3 region is supported.
Hum Mol Genet 2000 Mar 01
PMID:Mapping of X-linked progressive retinal atrophy (XLPRA), the canine homolog of retinitis pigmentosa 3 (RP3). 1069 76

Deletion mutations and linkage mapping have localized an X-linked retinitis pigmentosa locus to Xp21, and a disease gene (RPGR) has been characterized. However, mutations have not been identified in most families expected to segregate the disease at this locus. Here, a retina-specific mRNA transcript from the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene is identified. Based on these data, it is hypothesized that the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene may represent a second Xp21 site at which retinitis pigmentosa mutations occur.
Mol Genet Metab 2000 May
PMID:Is the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene also an X-linked retinitis pigmentosa locus? 1083 35

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy and the most frequent cause of inherited blindness in children. LCA is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, although rare dominant cases have been reported. One form of LCA, LCA4, maps to chromosome 17p13 and is genetically distinct from other forms of LCA. We recently identified the gene associated with LCA4, AIPL1 (aryl-hydrocarbon interacting protein-like 1) and identified three mutations that were the cause of blindness in five families with LCA. In this study, AIPL1 was screened for mutations in 512 unrelated probands with a range of retinal degenerative diseases to determine if AIPL1 mutations cause other forms of inherited retinal degeneration and to determine the relative contribution of AIPL1 mutations to inherited retinal disorders in populations worldwide. We identified 11 LCA families whose retinal disorder is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous AIPL1 mutations. We also identified affected individuals in two apparently dominant families, diagnosed with juvenile retinitis pigmentosa or dominant cone-rod dystrophy, respectively, who are heterozygous for a 12-bp AIPL1 deletion. Our results suggest that AIPL1 mutations cause approximately 7% of LCA worldwide and may cause dominant retinopathy.
Mol Genet Metab 2000 Jun
PMID:Prevalence of AIPL1 mutations in inherited retinal degenerative disease. 1087 96

The family of inherited ocular diseases that is collectively known as retinitis pigmentosa is a major cause of progressive retinal disease worldwide. As such, this family of diseases has been the object of much scientific scrutiny, both clinical and basic. The recent application of molecular genetic analyses has heralded the rapid elucidation of the underlying gene defects in many cases. In this article, the fundamental clinical and electroretinographic characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa will be recalled. Additionally, the current understanding of the genetic causes of retinitis pigmentosa will be reviewed, and the identified causative genes will be classified into groups related by function.
Mol Vis 2000 Jul 08
PMID:A brief review of retinitis pigmentosa and the identified retinitis pigmentosa genes. 1088 72

The X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) gene, RP2, codes for a novel 350 amino acid protein of unknown function. We have identified putative sites for N-terminal acyl modification by myristoylation and palmitoylation in the RP2 protein. The RP2 protein is expressed ubiquitously in human tissues at relatively low levels (0.01% of total protein) and has a predominantly plasma membrane localization in cultured cells, as would be expected if the protein was subject to dual N-terminal acylation. Furthermore, mutagenesis of residues potentially required for N-terminal acylation prevents targeting of RP2 to the plasma membrane and the N-terminal 15 amino acids of the protein appear to be sufficient for this targeting. Our data suggest that the protein is dually acylated and that the palmitoyl moiety is responsible for targeting of the myristoylated protein from intracellular membranes to the plasma membrane. The effect of two mutations, which have been reported as causes of XLRP, R118H and DeltaS6, were investigated. The R118H mutation does not affect the normal plasma membrane localization of RP2; in contrast, the DeltaS6 mutation interferes with the targeting of the protein to the plasma membrane. Therefore, the DeltaS6 mutation may cause XLRP because it prevents normal amounts of RP2 reaching the correct cellular locale, whereas the R118H mutation is in a region of the protein that is vital for another aspect of RP2 function in the retina.
Hum Mol Genet 2000 Aug 12
PMID:Mutations in the N-terminus of the X-linked retinitis pigmentosa protein RP2 interfere with the normal targeting of the protein to the plasma membrane. 1094 19

The Frizzled (Fz) protein in Drosophila is a bifunctional receptor that acts through a GTPase pathway in planar polarity signaling and as a receptor for Wingless (Wg) using the canonical Wnt pathway. We found that the ligand-binding domain (CRD) of Fz has an approximately 10-fold lower affinity for Wg than the CRD of DFz2, a Wg receptor without polarity activity. When the Fz CRD is replaced by the high-affinity CRD of DFz2, the resulting chimeric protein gains Wg signaling activity, yet also retains polarity signaling activity. In contrast, the reciprocal exchange of the Fz CRD onto DFz2 is not sufficient to confer polarity activity to DFz2. This suggests that Fz has an intrinsic capacity for polarity signaling and that high-affinity interaction with Wg couples it to the Wnt pathway.
Mol Cell 2000 Jul
PMID:Pathway specificity by the bifunctional receptor frizzled is determined by affinity for wingless. 1094 33

A novel protein, called RPGRIP, has been identified as interacting with the RPGR protein, which is mutated in a severe form of human retinal degeneration, X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP3 type). The bovine RPGRIP was identified initially by screening for RPGR-interacting proteins with a bovine retina cDNA library using the yeast two-hybrid system. The specificity of the interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated protein and using RPGR mutants. The human RPGRIP gene was isolated and shown to be expressed in retina and testis. Human RPGRIP spans a genomic interval of 34 kb, and consists of 15 exons, some of which are alternatively spliced. It was mapped using monochromosomal and radiation hybrid cell lines to chromosomal region 14q11. The function of RPGRIP is unknown; it shows no homology to proteins of known function, although it is predicted to form two coiled-coil domains at the N-terminus. RPGRIP is a strong candidate gene for causing human retinal degeneration.
Hum Mol Genet 2000 Sep 01
PMID:Identification of a novel protein interacting with RPGR. 1095 47


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