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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
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DNA segments carrying rRNA genes of Mycoplasma capricolum have been cloned and characterized by restriction endonuclease mapping, DNA-RNA hybridization and nucleotide sequencing. The M. capricolum genome has two sets of rRNA gene clusters, where the arrangement is in the order of (5')16S-23S-5S(3'). The spacer region between 16S and 23S rDNA is extremely rich in AT and does not carry any tRNA genes.
Mol Gen Genet 1984
PMID:Organization of ribosomal RNA genes in Mycoplasma capricolum. 620 57

The nucleotide sequences of the rrnB 16S ribosomal RNA gene and its 5'-and 3'-flanking regions from Mycoplasma capricolum have been determined. The coding sequence is 1521 base pairs long, being 21 base pairs shorter than that of the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene. The 16S rRNA sequence of M. capricolum reveals 74% and 76% identify with that of E. coli and Anacystis nidulans, respectively. The secondary structure model constructed from the M. capricolum 16S rRNA gene sequence resembles that proposed for E. coli 16S rRNA. A large stem structure can be constructed between the 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences of the 16S rRNA gene. The flanking regions are extremely rich in AT.
Mol Gen Genet 1984
PMID:Nucleotide sequence of the rrnB 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Mycoplasma capricolum. 620 58

We have examined the number of rRNA genes in Mycoplasma capricolum (KID) by hybridization of Bg/II-, EcoRI- and Xbal-digests of DNA to [3'-32P] 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs according to the Southern procedure (1975). All the restriction gels gave two radioactive bands with three kinds of rRNA. Furthermore, band positions were indistinguishable from one another when 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs were used as probes, indicating that each band contains sequences corresponding to the 3'-termini of 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs. It is thus concluded that Mycoplasma capricolum chromosome carries at least two sets of genes for 16S, 23S and 5S rRNAs.
Mol Gen Genet 1981
PMID:The number of ribosomal RNA genes in Mycoplasma capricolum. 627 66

The whole cell proteins and the ribosomal proteins of Mycoplasma capricolum ATCC 27343 have been analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The M. capricolum cell is relatively rich in basic proteins. The number of total protein spots detected was approximately 355, which is less than one-third of that of Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis. In contrast, the number (30 and 20 protein species have been found to be present in the 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits, respectively) and the size of the ribosomal proteins in the M. capricolum do not seem to be significantly different from those of typical eubacteria.
Mol Gen Genet 1982
PMID:The protein composition of Mycoplasma capricolum. 696 Feb 28

HeLa cells sensitive to the mitochondrial protein synthesis inhibitors erythromycin (ERY) and chloramphenicol (CAP) and HeLa variants resistant to the effects of these drugs were purposefully infected with drug-sensitive and -resistant mycoplasma strains. Mycoplasma hyorhinis and the ERY-resistant strain of Mycoplasma orale, MO-ERYr, did not influence the growth of HeLa and ERY-resistant ERY2301 cells in the presence or absence of ERY. M. hyorhinis also did not affect the growth of HeLa and CAP-resistant Cap-2 cells in the presence or absence of CAP. However, both HeLa and Cap-2 cells infected with the CAP-resistant strain of M. hyorhinis, MH-CAPr, were more sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of CAP. This may be due to the glucose dependence of the cells, which was compromised by the increased utilization of glucose by MH-CAPr in these infected cell cultures. In vitro protein synthesis by isolated mitochondria was significantly altered by mycoplasma infection of the various cell lines. A substantial number of mycoplasmas copurified with the mitochondria, resulting in up to a sevenfold increase in the incorporation of [3H]leucine into the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble material. More importantly, the apparent drug sensitivity or resistance of mitochondrial preparations from mycoplasma-infected cells reflected the drug sensitivity or resistance of the contaminating mycoplasmas. These results illustrate the hazards in interpreting mitochondrial protein synthesis data derived from mycoplasma-infected cell lines, particularly putative mitochondrially encoded mutants resistant to inhibitors of mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Mol Cell Biol 1981 Apr
PMID:Effects of mycoplasma contamination on phenotypic expression of mitochondrial mutants in human cells. 696 1

Seven complete and two partial copies of IS1221 variants from Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae characterized to date have established a consensus IS1221 as a 1513 bp element with unique structural characteristics resembling the IS3 family of bacterial insertion sequences. Each IS1221 copy contains highly conserved 28 bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats and three distinctive internal inverted repeats (LIR, RIR and IIR). IIR is located within the coding region of the element and it is proposed that it plays a critical role in the regulation of putative transposase expression. Consensus IS1221 and one particular copy, G1135.2, contain a single long open reading frame (ORF). Two potential initiation codons are present at nucleotide 46 (AUG46) and nucleotide 397 (AUG397) and both are preceded by strong ribosome-binding sites. Both initiation codons can be used efficiently in an Escherichia coli T7 expression system. The LIR has a negative regulatory effect on translation initiation from AUG46. A-1 translational frameshift event is shown to be involved in expression of the IS1221 ORF and results in the production of 20 kDa and 6 kDa truncated proteins from the respective upstream initiation codons of the IS1221 ORF. Base substitution and deletion mutations in sequences resembling characterized motifs in documented examples of translational frameshifting resulted in a significant increase in the full-length products and a corresponding decrease in the truncated products from the IS1221 ORF. In contrast to the usual -1 frameshift regulatory event in the IS3 family, which produces a transframe fusion product as the active transposase, IS1221 may have evolved a high-frequency -1 frameshift mechanism that produces a truncated product from the upstream coding domain and thereby results in the regulated low-level production of the full-length presumptive transposase.
Mol Microbiol 1995 May
PMID:Characterization of IS1221 from Mycoplasma hyorhinis: expression of its putative transposase in Escherichia coli incorporates a ribosomal frameshift mechanism. 747 62

We report on the analysis of 214kb of the parasitic eubacterium Mycoplasma capricolum sequenced by genomic walking techniques. The 287 putative proteins detected to date represent about half of the estimated total number of 500 predicted for this organism. A large fraction of these (75%) can be assigned a likely function as a result of similarity searches. Several important features of the functional organization of this small genome are already apparent. Among these are (i) the expected relatively large number of enzymes involved in metabolic transport and activation, for efficient use of host cell nutrients; (ii) the presence of anabolic enzymes; (iii) the unexpected diversity of enzymes involved in DNA replication and repair; and (iv) a sizeable number of orthologues (82 so far) in Escherichia coli. This survey is beginning to provide a detailed view of how M. capricolum manages to maintain essential cellular processes with a genome much smaller than that of its bacterial relatives.
Mol Microbiol 1995 Jun
PMID:Exploring the Mycoplasma capricolum genome: a minimal cell reveals its physiology. 747 92

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method specific for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) was evaluated. The PCR method was found to detect as few as two colour changing units (CCU) of MG and did not give false positive reactions with other avian mycoplasmas. In chickens inoculated with either MG or Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), the PCR method was found to closely correlate with MG culture reisolation methods in chicken intranasally inoculated with MG. All chickens inoculated with MS tested negative using the MG PCR method.
Mol Cell Probes 1993 Dec
PMID:Development and evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction method for diagnosis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. 751 90

We report the cloning of the RNase P RNA genes from the primary aetiological agent of porcine pneumonia, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and the closely related commensal, Mycoplasma flocculare. The monocistronic genes each have promoters with AT-rich -35 regions and Rho-independent-like transcription terminators which are retained in the RNase P RNA. Both of these RNase P RNA variants are shown to be catalytically active in vitro in spite of a low overall GC content (30%). Our results suggest a new example of a stable mini-helix in the conserved core of the mycoplasmal RNase P RNAs. Deletion of the corresponding structural element in Escherichia coli RNase P RNA (M1 RNA) generated an RNase P RNA with an impaired substrate interaction. Displacement of this structural element with the mycoplasmal mini-helix resulted in an enzyme with a phenotype similar to that of wild-type M1 RNA. In addition, this structural element is important for lead ion-induced cleavage at specific sites in M1 RNA.
Mol Microbiol 1994 Mar
PMID:Cloning and characterization of the RNase P RNA genes from two porcine mycoplasmas. 855 60

We describe the isolation and characterization of full-length chromosomes from non-culturable plant-pathogenic, mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs). MLO chromosomes are circular and their sizes (640 to 1185 kbp) are heterogeneous. Divergence in the range of chromosome sizes is apparent between MLOs in the two major MLO disease groups, and chromosome size polymorphism occurs among some related agents. MLO chromosome sizes overlap those of culturable mycoplasmas; consequently, small genome size alone cannot explain MLO non-culturability. Hybridization with cloned MLO-specific chromosomal and 16S rRNA probes detected two separate chromosomes in some MLO 'type' strains. Large DNA molecules that appear to be MLO megaplasmids were also demonstrated. The ability to characterize full-length chromosomes from virtually any non-culturable prokaryote should greatly facilitate the molecular and genetic analysis of these difficult bacteria.
Mol Microbiol 1993 Jan
PMID:Isolation and characterization of full-length chromosomes from non-culturable plant-pathogenic Mycoplasma-like organisms. 767 71


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