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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
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1. We have demonstrated previously (Harrowe et al., 1990), using a lymphoblastoid cell line that constitutively expresses the substance P receptor (SPR) (Payan et al., 1984, 1986), that this receptor may facilitate measles virus (MV) fusion with these cells. In order to test this hypothesis further, a stable cell line transfected with SPR cDNA has been established, and various stages of MV infection in SPR positive and negative cells compared. 2. Jurkat cells, a human T-lymphoblastoid cell line, were transfected with a cDNA clone encoding the SPR. Cells transfected with only the plasmid were used as controls. Jurkat cells and Jurkat vector control cells (J-vo) failed to demonstrate any detectable 125I-SP binding, whereas a clonally selected population of cells transfected with SPR cDNA (J-SPR) expressed about 50,000 receptors/cell (Sudduth-Klinger et al., 1992). 3. Using the J-vo- and J-SPR-transfected cell lines, the following experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of SPR expression on MV infection. To determine if MV would preferentially attach to J-SPR as compared to J-vo, we absorbed virus to cells at 37 degrees C for various times and measured bound MV using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Using this approach, we found that MV bound to a greater degree to J-SPR compared with J-vo. In addition to equilibrium being reached faster for J-SPR, the total amount of bound MV was higher on J-SPR. The effect was greater at lower MOIs, suggesting that there existed multiple binding sites for MV on these cells and that the affinity is higher for those cells expressing the SPR. 4. Since binding does not necessitate a successful viral infection, we needed to know if this difference in binding reflected a difference in infection. This was demonstrated by showing an approximate twofold increase in infected cells after a 2-hr binding period with J-SPR as compared to J-vo at an MOI of 1 in an infectious cell-center assay. Moreover, when both cells types were subjected to continuous infection in culture, J-SPR-infected cells produced a seven- to ninefold increase in measles viral titer in 24 hr as compared with J-vo. The observed increase in viral titer may have resulted in more of the J-SPR cells binding virus, as indicated by our binding and infectious cell-center data, or alternatively, the virus might have entered the J-SPR cells faster and begun replication before the J-vo-infected cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cell Mol Neurobiol 1992 Oct
PMID:Measles virus-substance P receptor interaction: Jurkat lymphocytes transfected with substance P receptor cDNA enhance measles virus fusion and replication. 128 55

Paget's disease of bone is a disease of unknown etiology. The demonstration of viral-like particles on ultrastructural examination and the putative detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids in the tissues suggest a possible viral association. The purpose of this study was to search for nucleic acid sequences homologous to measles virus using the recently described reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in situ hybridization (ISH) technique. After performing RT PCR ISH utilizing primers specific for the nucleocapsid region of the measles virus, an intense signal was evident in most measles-infected HeLa cells compared with a weak signal in few of these cells using standard cDNA-RNA ISH analysis. Amplified measles nucleic acid was detected in tissue from a patient who died of measles infection and was not detected in any of the 11 cases of Paget's disease of bone studied or in a giant cell tumor of bone that had tubuloreticular inclusions on electron microscopy. Therefore, these data suggest that infection by the measles virus is not associated with Paget's disease of bone.
Diagn Mol Pathol 1992 Dec
PMID:In situ analysis of Paget's disease of bone for measles-specific PCR-amplified cDNA. 134 74

We have studied the influence of the orientation of T- and B-cell epitopes on the immunogenicity of chimeric synthetic peptides in terms of the ability of the T-cell epitope to provide help for the production of antibody to the B-cell epitope. A T-cell epitope from the fusion protein of measles virus (288-302), previously shown to act as a T-helper epitope in a panel of six inbred mouse strains, was co-linearly synthesized at either the amino- or carboxyl- terminus of a B-cell epitope from the haemagglutinin of the virus (188-199) with or without the inclusion of a glycine-glycine spacer. The four chimeric peptides were used to immunize a panel of five mouse strains and induced good anti-chimera antibody responses. In general, the chimeras in which the T-cell epitope was amino-terminal to the B-cell epitope induced antibodies which bound well to the B-cell epitope whereas the carboxyl-terminal orientation of the T-cell epitope with respect to the B-cell epitope failed to induce such antibody. These latter chimeras induced the production of antibodies which preferentially bound to the T-cell epitope. The inclusion of the gly-gly spacer in the chimeras did not enhance their immunogenicity nor did it increase antibody titres to the B-cell epitope. The affinity of the anti-peptide antibodies was markedly influenced by the orientation of the epitopes in the chimeras. The antibody elicited by the peptide in which the T-cell epitope was amino terminal to the B-cell epitope had significantly higher affinity for the B-cell epitope than that induced by immunization with the peptide in the reverse orientation.
Mol Immunol 1992 May
PMID:The effect of orientation of epitopes on the immunogenicity of chimeric synthetic peptides representing measles virus protein sequences. 137 43

The presence of the measles (rubeola) virus genome was searched for in the lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of patients suffering from the acute (16 persons) or chronic (164 persons) glomerulonephritis. Dot hybridization technique with the plasmid borne probes to the measles viral genes NP, P and H have been used for the search. The measles viral genome has been detected in 58% of lymphocytes from the patients with the chronic glomerulonephritis and in 50% of lymphocytes from the patients suffering from the acute form of the disease. The genome was not found in the material from the control group including donors and traumatology ward patients. 25 samples of lymphocytes from the patients with the chronic glomerulonephritis contained the RNA that was not hybridizable with the viral genes probes by dot hybridization technique, thus containing no genes homologous to parotitis viral genes. The average titer of anti-measles antibodies in the serum from patients with chronic glomerulonephritis the lymphocytes of which contained the measles viral genome was 1:304, while it was 1:154 for patients with the negative probes. The average anti-measles antibodies titers are the same (1:166 and 1:142) for analogical groups of patients with acute form of disease.
Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 1990 Oct
PMID:[Detection of the measles virus genome in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with chronic and acute glomerulonephritis]. 170 85

No cross-reaction could be detected between purified myelin basic proteins (MBP) from mouse, rat or human origins and envelope proteins of viruses suspected of inducing demyelinating processes. In the experimental model using Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, competition radioimmunoassay failed to detect any cross-reaction between MBP and VP1, VP2 and VP3 envelope antigens. In the human situation, antibodies against SV5 and measles viruses, both etiologically linked with multiple sclerosis, also failed to recognize MBP. These results rule out molecular mimicry as a cause of demyelination.
Mol Immunol 1989 Jul
PMID:Lack of cross-reaction between myelin basic proteins and putative demyelinating virus envelope proteins. 247 71

Dr. Lepage and Dr. De Mol rightly point out (Nov. 24, p. 1134) that national statistics on disease in developing countries should be used with caution. Outcome is rarely reported in ambulatory patients, and most reports of deaths will relate to the small numbers of hospital patients. Thus, for 17 of the 19 countries in the African region mentioning measles deaths in 1973-74, deaths represent less than 3% of cases, and in 9 countries the figure was below 1%. If, as is likely, the annual incidence of measles was similar in Kigali and in the rest of Rwanda (16.51/1000), about 3300 cases of measles would have been expected in the 200,000 inhabitants of that city in 1976. The 135 measles deaths, rightly reported as a case-fatality rate of 22% in hospital patients, would then correspond to a rate of 4 deaths for every 100 cases in the general population, an order of magnitude cited by Morley for West Africa. Notifications of cases, however imperfect, constitute for developing countries a useful tool for the assessment of disease trends, but not for the measurement of mortality, as witness the omission of death reports from the later issues of the WORLD HEALTH STATISTICS ANNUAL. Hospital statistics do not constitute a more satisfactory source of information for either diseases or deaths.
 ...
PMID:Health statistics in developing countries. 610 5

In herpes simplex virus type 1-infected Vero cells, reorganization of microfilaments was observed approximately 4 h postinfection. Conversion of F (filamentous) actin to G (globular) actin, as assessed by a DNase I inhibition assay, was continuous over the next 12 to 16 h, at which time a level of G actin of about twice that observed in uninfected cells was measured. Fluorescent localization of F actin, using 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD)-phallacidin, demonstrated that microfilament fibers began to diminish at about 16 to 18 h postinfection, roughly corresponding to the time that G actin levels peaked and virus-induced cytopathology was first observable. In measles virus-infected cells, no such disassembly of microfilaments occurred. Rather, there was a modest decrease in G actin levels. Fluorescent localization of F actin showed that measles virus-infected Vero cells maintained a complex microfilament network characterized by fibers which spanned the entire length of the newly formed giant cells. Disruption of microfilaments with cytochalasin B, which inhibits measles virus-specific cytopathology, was not inhibitory to measles virus production at high multiplicities of infection (MOI) but was progressively inhibitory as the MOI was lowered. The carbobenzoxy tripeptide SV-4814, which inhibits the ability of Vero cells to fuse after measles virus infection, like cytochalasin B, inhibited measles virus production at low MOI but not at high MOI. Thus, it appears that agents which affect the ability of Vero cells to fuse after measles virus infection may be inhibitory to virus production and that the actin network is essential to this process.
Mol Cell Biol 1983 Apr
PMID:Fate of microfilaments in vero cells infected with measles virus and herpes simplex virus type 1. 634 43

Measles is one of widely spread virus infections that is a major cause of deaths in some tropical areas. The measles virus is a member of the genus of Morbillivirus of the family of Paramyxoviridae. The virions contain six polypeptides, including one glycoprotein; two of them are surface proteins that possess hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities, one of them is polymerase. Replication of the measles virus is similar to that of other Paramyxoviruses. Besides the acute infection for measles virus a persistent infection is characteristic that affects central nervous system and inner organs. Molecular mechanisms of it were studied and the results are discussed to explain the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases in which measles or measles-like virus may be involved.
Mol Cell Biochem 1980 Jan 16
PMID:The measles virus. 698 93

We have assessed the influence of different T-helper cell epitopes on the level and affinity of antibody to B-cell epitopes induced following co-immunization with free peptides mimicking epitopes from measles and respiratory syncytial virus envelope proteins. The responses obtained following co-immunization have been compared to those obtained following immunization with chimeric synthetic peptide immunogens in which the epitopes were covalently coupled. The results show that covalent linkage of the B- and T-cell epitopes is not necessary for the generation of T-cell dependent antibody responses to non-immunogenic B-cell epitopes. In addition the induction of memory B-cells required adjuvant but subsequent stimulation of these memory cells did not. The responses obtained were non-MHC restricted since co-immunization resulted in the production of antibody responses to B-cell epitopes in a panel of five inbred mouse strains but there were differences in the ability of different T-cell epitopes to provide help for antibody production to the same B-cell epitope. The affinity of antibodies to the B-cell epitopes induced following immunization with chimeric T:B peptides was higher than that obtained following co-immunization. These results indicate the value of co-immunization for the induction of antibody responses to B-cell epitopes across MHC differences and suggest that this strategy may be of value in the development of synthetic peptide vaccines. However, modifications of the approach need to be developed to ensure the production of antibody of the highest possible affinity.
Mol Immunol 1993 Aug
PMID:Influence of the T-helper epitope on the titre and affinity of antibodies to B-cell epitopes after co-immunization. 768 51

Contemporary isolates of measles virus, characterized by their inability to hemagglutinate, have been shown to possess a hemagglutinin type distinct from that of classical strains such as the Edmonston strain in that there is a new glycosylation site at amino acid residue 416. This change abolishes a Sau3Al site that is found in the corresponding position of the hemagglutination-positive classical strains. This molecular information prompted us to develop a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay that is capable of distinguishing these two distinct hemagglutinin types. The assay consists of the amplification of a 349-bp segment of the hemagglutinin gene by reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction and Sau3Al digestion of this amplification product. The resulting two distinct RFLP patterns identified the hemagglutinin types with regard to the presence or absence of the potential new glycosylation site. This assay was applied to determine the relative frequencies over a 28-year period of these two hemagglutinin types present in the archival acute serum specimens taken from patients with measles. This study revealed that strains carrying the classical hemagglutinin type predominated until the early 1980s when it became completely replaced with strains possessing the contemporary hemagglutinin type. Because of its direct applicability to the clinical specimens avoiding selection bias during cell-culture adaptation, this assay provides a valuable asset in both clinical laboratory and epidemiological settings.
Mol Cell Probes 1995 Feb
PMID:Molecular identification of two distinct hemagglutinin types of measles virus by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). 776 Aug 55


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