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 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effective eradication of established tumors and generation of a lasting systemic immune response is an important goal for cancer gene immunotherapy. The method of gene delivery may also be critical for the generation of an effective antitumor response. We compared the level of transgene expression and antitumor activity of two different interleukin (IL)-12 DNA preparations (naked DNA versus DNA lipid complex). Established murine adenocarcinoma (CT26) and renal cell carcinoma (Renca) tumors in BALB/c mice were treated by direct intratumoral injection of a nonviral plasmid DNA vector encoding the murine IL-12 (mIL-12) gene, either alone (naked) or in complexes with cationic lipid. Both treatments resulted in the same percentage (87%) of mice undergoing a complete tumor regression of the CT26 tumor. For the Renca tumor model, complete tumor regression was observed in 67 and 75% of animals treated with naked mIL-12 DNA and mIL-12 DNA plus lipid, respectively. Mice that were rendered tumor free for > 50 days by mIL-12 gene therapy rejected a subsequent challenge of parental tumor cells but not of an unrelated, syngeneic tumor. The marked reduction of tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice treated with mIL-12 cDNA was associated with the augmentation of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells, enhanced production of IFN-gamma in spleen and lymph node cells, and increased splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. The CD8+: CD4+ ratio in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was significantly increased in the tumor-bearing mice treated with mIL-12 DNA alone and mIL-12 cDNA plus lipid as compared with a control vector-treated group. These results indicate that direct intratumoral gene transfer with naked nonviral IL-12 DNA provides an effective and simple method for the treatment of murine tumors, suggesting an approach for clinical application.
Mol Cancer Ther 2002 Sep
PMID:Intratumoral injection of interleukin-12 plasmid DNA, either naked or in complex with cationic lipid, results in similar tumor regression in a murine model. 1248 17

The presence of p24 protein was studied in lymph nodes from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients affected by persistent generalized lymphadenopathy. Paraffin-embedded lymph node sections from 50 HIV-1 subtype E-infected lymph nodes from patients in Thailand and 25 HIV-1 presumably subtype B-infected lymph nodes from patients in the United States were immunostained with p24 HIV major core and capsid monoclonal antibodies using the streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Positivity for HIV p24 protein was detected in 20 of 22 HIV-1 subtype B infected nodes in which lymphoid follicles were present, with p24 staining demonstrating a reticular pattern within the germinal centers. Interestingly, no case from 50 clade E-infected lymph nodes containing lymphoid follicles had such a reticular pattern in the germinal centers. This difference could be explained by differential infection of subsets of dendritic cells by the two HIV-1 clades, or perhaps by different routes of initial HIV-1 transmission.
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2003 Jun
PMID:Different localization of dendritic cell reservoirs in human immunodeficiency virus-1 subtype B versus subtype E-infected lymph nodes. 1277 98

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare histiocytic proliferative disorder with massive lymphadenopathy. We here describe RDD of a neonate who presented with paleness and hepatosplenomegaly but not lymph-node swelling. Routine laboratory studies showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated value of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Histological examination of the liver revealed a proliferation of histiocytes with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, which were positive for S-100 protein and CD68 but not CD1a and did not reveal Birbeck granules. Radiological studies showed hepatosplenomegaly and a narrowing of the hepatic vein, which might have contributed to hypersplenism resulting in anemia and thrombocytopenia. This case is thought to be congenital RDD without lymphadenopathy.
Pediatr Pathol Mol Med
PMID:Congenital Rosai-Dorfman disease without lymphadenopathy. 1469 91

Burkitt's lymphoma may involve the maxilla or mandible, but to date, there has been no reference in the literature to scapular involvement by this tumor. This article describes the case of a 9-year-old child who presented with a huge tumor involving the right shoulder with osteolytic and sclerotic lesions in the scapula. The histopathological findings were suggestive of Burkitt's lymphoma, and the immunohistochemical findings discard a lymphoblastic lymphoma or plasmablastic lymphoma. In addition, in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus encoded small nuclear RNA (EBER) was positive. Although the child also presented a cervical lymphadenopathy, the fact that Burkitt's lymphoma is generally extranodal, the marked swelling of the shoulder, and the extensive involvement of the bone strongly argue that this tumor had its origin in the scapula. This case demonstrates the importance of including Burkitt's lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of lymphoma involving bones in children.
Pediatr Pathol Mol Med
PMID:Burkitt's lymphoma of the scapula. 1469 23

The patterns of nodal spread of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have an important influence on treatment planning, but have not yet been fully addressed. We prospectively used MRI and FDG PET to document the patterns of nodal spread in NPC. One hundred and one patients with newly diagnosed NPC were studied with MRI and FDG PET. On MRI, nodes were considered as metastatic according to criteria regarding size, the presence of nodal necrosis, and extracapsular spread. FDG PET images were interpreted visually, and nodes were considered metastatic if they showed prominent FDG uptake against the background. Nodal metastases were found in 89 of our 101 patients. Analysis of the distributions of nodal metastases in these 89 patients showed that retropharyngeal nodes were less frequently involved than cervical nodes (82.0% vs 95.5%). The vast majority of cervical nodal metastases were to the internal jugular chain, including nodes at levels II, III, and IV, with decreasing incidences of 95.5%, 60.7%, and 34.8%, respectively. Level V nodal involvement was found in 27% of patients. Supraclavicular fossa nodal metastases were not uncommon and occurred in 22.5% of patients. Skip metastases in the lower-level nodes or supraclavicular fossa nodes occurred in 7.9% of patients. Mediastinal and abdominal metastatic adenopathy was present in 4.5% and 3.4% of patients, respectively, and was associated with advanced nodal metastasis in the supraclavicular fossa. Level VI (2.2%), level VII (1.1%), submandibular (2.2%), and parotid (3.4%) nodal metastases were uncommon and were always associated with advanced ipsilateral nodal metastases of the neck. We conclude that the combined use of FDG PET and MRI can comprehensively depict the pattern of nodal metastasis in NPC patients. Nodal metastases principally affected level II nodes, from which lymphatic spread extended down in an orderly manner to involve level III, level IV, and the supraclavicular fossa nodes, or extended posteriorly to involve level V nodes. The frequency of skip metastases was 7.9%. Distant spread to mediastinal or abdominal nodes was found in 3-5% of patients, usually in association with supraclavicular nodal metastases.
Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2004 Aug
PMID:Nodal metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: patterns of disease on MRI and FDG PET. 1500 65

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lymphoma are disease entities that often have similar presenting signs and symptoms that can complicate or delay definitive diagnosis. 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has become a valuable tool in the diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of response to therapy in lymphoma patients. However, its utility in patients with SLE has been limited to the central nervous system. Significant FDG uptake has not been previously reported in lymphadenopathy associated with SLE. The case presented is an example of histologically proven benign adenopathy in a 16-year-old female with SLE that was hypermetabolic on FDG-PET imaging. It highlights the importance of recognizing that widespread inflammatory adenopathy in SLE can mimic the pattern of FDG uptake seen with lymphoma at PET imaging.
Mol Imaging Biol
PMID:2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography uptake in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated adenopathy. 1501 23

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpesvirus that infects over 90% of the human population worldwide. It is usually transmitted between individuals in saliva, and establishes replicative infection within the oropharynx as well as life-long latent infection of B cells. Primary EBV infection generally occurs during early childhood and is asymptomatic. If delayed until adolescence or later, it can be associated with the clinical syndrome of infectious mononucleosis (also known as glandular fever or 'mono'), an illness characterised by fevers, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy and malaise. EBV infection is also associated with the development of EBV-associated lymphoid or epithelial cell malignancies in a small proportion of individuals. This review focuses on primary EBV infection in individuals suffering from infectious mononucleosis. It discusses the mechanism by which EBV establishes infection within its human host and the primary immune response that it elicits. It describes the spectrum of clinical disease that can accompany primary infection and summarises studies that are leading to the development of a vaccine designed to prevent infectious mononucleosis.
Expert Rev Mol Med 2004 Nov 05
PMID:Infectious mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus. 1554 Nov 97

The mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) is activated following engagement of the T-cell receptor and is required for interleukin 2 (IL-2) production and T-cell proliferation. This activation is enhanced by stimulation of the coreceptor CD28 and inhibited by the coreceptor CTLA-4. We show that the small G protein Rap1 is regulated in the opposite manner; it is inhibited by CD28 and activated by CTLA-4. Together, CD3 and CTLA-4 activate Rap1 in a sustained manner. To delineate T-cell function in the absence of Rap1 activity, we generated transgenic mice expressing Rap1GAP1, a Rap1-specific GTPase-activating protein. Transgenic mice showed lymphadenopathy, and transgenic T cells displayed increased ERK activation, proliferation, and IL-2 production. More significantly, the inhibitory effect of CTLA-4 on T-cell function in Rap1GAP1-transgenic T cells was reduced. We demonstrate that CTLA-4 activates Rap1, and we propose that intracellular signals from CTLA-4 antagonize CD28, at least in part, at the level of Rap1.
Mol Cell Biol 2005 May
PMID:Regulation of the small GTPase Rap1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases by the costimulatory molecule CTLA-4. 1587 Feb 82

The cause of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (HNL) has been ascribed to viral infection, but its pathogenesis still remains unknown. Real-time PCR assays are useful not only for their sensitivity of detection but also for the quantitation of viral DNA with a wide linear range. We accordingly used this technique to estimate for each patient the viral load of the following members of the herpesvirus family: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus (HHV) types 6, 7, and 8. Samples of patients diagnosed as reactive lymphadenopathy (RL) were included for control. Thirty percent (6/20 cases) and 63% (12/19 cases) of the HNL and RL patients were positive for EBV, and the mean of the detectable EBV viral load of the HNL and that of the RL patients were 463 and 355 (copies/mug DNA), respectively. By in situ hybridization, EBV-encoded RNA could be detected in the lymph tissue samples with more than 14.3 copies/mug of EBV DNA. No significant difference was detected between the number of HNL patients with HHV6 DNA (3/20, 15%) or HHV7 DNA (2/20, 10%) and RL controls. CMV and HHV8 were not detected in the DNA from any patient. In this study, we were unable to definitively identify the causative herpesvirus for HNL; however, 1 HNL case had an extremely large copy number of HHV6-DNA and displayed positive immunostaining for the HHV6 early/late antigen in lesional areas of the node, suggesting that HHV6 infection may be associated with some cases of HNL.
Diagn Mol Pathol 2006 Mar
PMID:Quantitative analysis of herpesvirus load in the lymph nodes of patients with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis using a real-time PCR assay. 1653 69

The precise diagnosis of lymphoma usually requires the histological examination of lymph nodes or involved tissues. Mantle cell lymphoma is a form of intermediate grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in which typical morphological immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features have been recognised. A case of leukaemic mantle cell lymphoma with the characteristic reciprocal translocation t(11;14) together with trisomy 12, a chromosomal abnormality usually associated with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), is presented. This combination of cytogenetic abnormalities has not been reported previously. The lack of lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly in this patient is more in keeping with stage A0 CLL. This case demonstrates the close clinical and biological relationship between mantle cell lymphoma and CLL.
Clin Mol Pathol 1995 Jun
PMID:Leukaemic mantle cell lymphoma with t(11;14) and trisomy 12 showing clinical features of state A0 B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 1669 99


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