Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of the myeloid differentiation antigen CD14 on the B lineage was analyzed. A CD14-specific monoclonal antibody was used to isolate the antigen from normal B, B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells, and a representative Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell line (EBVLCL). A soluble form of this protein was detected in the culture supernatant of all the B cell types tested. The molecule expressed in the normal B and B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells was identical in size to the 52,000 mol. wt monocyte-isolated CD14 glycoprotein. A 64,000 mol. wt antigen was isolated from the lymphoblastoid cell line. Similar 2-D gel electrophoretic patterns to that of the monocyte-derived CD14 were obtained from the normal B and B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell-isolated molecules. These similarities were reflected in minor isoelectric point (pI) differences between the polypeptide spots (pI 4.8), in the first dimension, and identical molecular weight (52,000) in the second dimension. The EBVLCL-isolated polypeptide, when analyzed by 2-D gel electrophoresis, showed a pI identical to that of the myeloid antigen (pI 4.6). The isolated soluble form was of smaller (47,000 mol. wt, normal B and B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells) or similar size (64,000 mol. wt, lymphoblastoid cell line) compared with their corresponding membrane-bound forms. Interestingly, two-colour immunofluorescence analysis showed that only two out of four CD14-specific mAb tested bound to the B cells. We conclude that the CD14 antigen is, in fact, expressed in the B lineage. Its cell surface expression and serum level in the prognosis of B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients needs to be evaluated.
Mol Immunol
PMID:Human B cells express membrane-bound and soluble forms of the CD14 myeloid antigen. 170 33

Forty-three patients with disseminated refractory malignancies each received an individually specified combination of either Adriamycin (n = 24) or mitomycin-C (n = 19) conjugated to a cocktail of murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Cancers were typed with both immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry using a panel of antibodies. Cocktails of up to six antibodies were selected based on total binding of greater than 80% of the malignant cells in the biopsy specimen. These mAb cocktails were then drug conjugated, safety tested, and administered intravenously. The Adriamycin immunoconjugates were well tolerated in 22/24 patients, with 17/24 having significant side effects. Fever, chills, pruritus, and skin rash were by far the most common transitory reactions. All were well controlled with premedication. A total of up to 1 g Adriamycin and 5 g mAb were administered to each patient. The limiting factor appeared to be a variable dissociation of active Adriamycin from the antibody that unpredictably caused hemopoietic depression. Similar findings were noted among 19 patients treated with mitomycin-C conjugates. Thrombocytopenia at a 60-mg dose of mitomycin-C in this schedule was dose limiting. Serological evidence suggested that the development of an immunoglobulin M antibody specific against the mouse mAb had the specificity and sensitivity to predict clinical reactions. These antibodies were quantitatively less in mitomycin-C-treated patients. Selected patients were retreated. One patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was treated on three occasions with regression of peripheral lymph nodes. Two patients with breast carcinoma had definite improvement in ulcerating skin lesions, and two patients with tongue carcinoma had shrinkage of their lesions. No responses were seen with mitomycin-C conjugates but binding was noted to tumors. Drug-induced colitis was seen at higher doses with some binding of these conjugates to normal colon epithelium. This study demonstrated the feasibility of preparing individually specified drug immunoconjugate cocktails for patients with refractory malignancies. Cocktail formulation and antibody delivery to the tumor in vivo was accomplished. There was limited antigenic drift among various biopsies within the same patient over time. The major technical hurdle continues to be the selection of effective drug conjugation methods to optimally bind drugs to mAbs for targeted cancer therapy.
Mol Biother 1991 Sep
PMID:Custom-tailored drug immunoconjugates in cancer therapy. 176 66

The p85 glycoprotein expressed on a variety of human cell types including astrocytes and lymphocytes has not been associated with the CD44 cluster. The recent demonstration that Hermes, a glycoprotein implicated in the adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelium, belongs to the CD44 cluster raises interesting questions concerning the role of this molecule on astrocytes and on non-lymphoid cells. To obtain confirmation of the identity of p85 glycoprotein and CD44, p85 glycoprotein was purified from B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by affinity to monolonal 50B4-IgG and electrophoretic elution, digested with trypsin or CNBr and fractionated by reversed-phase HPLC. The sequences of three peptides were obtained which could be aligned with the amino acid sequence deduced from the CD44 cDNA at residues 49-54, 59-66 and 309-323. These constitute the first reported peptide sequences for antigens of the CD44 cluster and confirm that p85 glycoprotein is indeed the product of the CD44 gene. Since two different cDNA clones encoding molecules with cytoplasmic tails of 72 and 5 amino acids have been isolated, the isolation of peptide 309-323 confirms the existence of a processed protein with the longer cytoplasmic domain. Using a cDNA probe, we have characterized the expression of CD44 in several normal and malignant cell types. The level of CD44 mRNA was correlated with the surface expression of CD44 antigens (50B4) in several leukemic cell lines, in astrocytoma lines and in normal granulocytes. Negative cells included the Y79 retinoblastoma line, the NALM-6 leukemic line and endothelial cells. Identical mRNA species of 5.0, 2.3 and 1.7 kb were present in all CD44-positive samples, including normal granulocytes, astrocytoma, melanoma and leukemia cell lines and leukemic cells from patients. The highest level of expression of CD44 was observed on astrocytoma lines and on acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells of immature phenotype. The presence of high levels of CD44 on malignant cells could increase the ability of these cells to adhere to matrix proteins and/or to interact with endothelium, thus potentially altering their capacity for invasiveness and metastasis.
Mol Immunol 1990 Oct
PMID:Confirmation by peptide sequence and co-expression on various cell types of the identity of CD44 and P85 glycoprotein. 223 56

Immunization of BALB/c mice with glycoproteins purified from a detergent extract of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells by affinity to Lens culinaris lectin led to the production of several monoclonal antibodies with similar reactivity. One of the antibodies, 50B4, was purified and the corresponding antigen was isolated from a B-lymphoblastoid cell line extract by affinity chromatography to the 50B4-IgG immunoadsorbent. Co-purification of the antigenic activities associated with five other monoclonal antibodies was achieved. Purified and radiolabelled 50B4 antigen could be specifically immunoprecipitated not only by 50B4 but also by the other five antibodies. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that all antibodies precipitated the same component, a polypeptide chain of apparent mol. wt 85,000 under reducing conditions. Competitive-binding studies between the purified antibodies indicated the presence of two distinct epitopes on the antigen. The epitopes, each recognized by three different antibodies, were equally accessible on the cell surface of either a B-CLL (3 X 10(5) molecules/cell), a B-lymphoblastoid cell line (11 X 10(5) molecules/cell) or two acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cell lines of pre-B phenotype (5 X 10(5) and 0.8 X 10(5) molecules/cell respectively). Although the antigens purified from the strongly positive ALL cell line gave a gel pattern identical to that of the B-lymphoblastoid cell line, the antigens purified from the B-CLL extract were resolved into two distinct glycosylated polypeptides of mol. wts 85,000 and 77,000 under reducing conditions. The distribution of the antigen(s) is not restricted to cells of the B-lineage as mature T-cells and a variety of non-hematopoietic cell types express both epitopes of the antigen(s).
Mol Immunol 1985 Feb
PMID:A glycoprotein of molecular weight 85,000 on human cells of B-lineage: detection with a family of monoclonal antibodies. 257 28

A long-term culture Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative malignant lymphoid cell line (NAK) was established from a lymph node biopsy of a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient. This cell line is of particular interest because it grows as an adherent cell line and depends on the presence of autologous conditioned medium for growth. After 6 months of growth in vitro, doubling time and cell cycle parameters were derived. Doubling time was 48 hours with over 45% cycling cells. Cell viability was over 90%. Expression of B-cell markers (CD19 and CD20) and surface immunoglobulin of the original tumor cell biopsy were roughly the same as in passage 14 (3 months in culture), including the expression of the original patient idiotype and IgM-lambda. Furthermore, binding of antiidiotypic antibodies was only slightly decreased at passage 14. Cytogenetic studies of chromosomal abnormalities in the primary tumor tissue and in later passages indicated similar abnormalities, with no translocations t(8;14), t(14;22), or t(2;8). However, frequent trisomies, deletions, and t(1;4) translocations were observed. Negative results for EBV nuclear antigen indicate that this cell line is an EBV-negative cell line.
Mol Biother 1989
PMID:Establishment and characterization of a malignant lymphoid cell line from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient. 261 Sep 52

Granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) and erythroid progenitor cells (BFU-E) have been assayed in peripheral blood (PB) and/or bone marrow (BM) from 12 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 16 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 31 patients with various forms of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) without BM involvement. Progenitor cell growth in PB and BM from the NHL patients did not differ statistically from controls (p greater than 0.1). CFU-GM and BFU-E per ml PB were markedly increased in ALL and CLL patients (p less than 0.001) while CFU-GM and BFU-E per plated BM cells from these patients were severely depressed (p less than 0.001). Lymphoblasts from one ALL patient failed to inhibit CFU-GM and BFU-E-derived colony growth from control PB mononuclear cells. The high levels of circulating progenitor cells in ALL and CLL patients clearly distinguish them from other cytopenic hematological malignancies, in which decreased progenitor cell levels have been demonstrated previously (acute myeloid leukemia, hairy cell leukemia). The cause of this finding and its pathophysiological implication still remains to be established.
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1987
PMID:In vitro culture studies of granulocyte/macrophage and erythroid progenitor cells in lymphoproliferative disorders. 288 76

The ability of bovine IgG preparations to bind to the various distinct human leukocyte Fc gamma receptors was studied. In experiments using intact cells and isolated Fc gamma receptors, it was demonstrated that bovine IgG can bind to Fc gamma receptors of four human cell types but not to Fc gamma receptors of human neutrophils. 125I-labeled Fc gamma receptors purified on human IgG-Sepharose columns from human B and T lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils were able to rebind specifically to insolubilized bovine IgG. In contrast, radioiodinated human neutrophil Fc gamma receptors did not rebind to bovine IgG-Sepharose. A similar pattern of specificity was demonstrated in studies of the binding of 125I-labeled heat-aggregated bovine IgG to various human leukocyte populations. The labeled aggregated bovine IgG bound to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, to B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients and to macrophage-like U-937 cells, but bound poorly to normal human granulocytes. Labeled non-aggregated bovine IgG was not appreciably bound to any of the cell populations. Since bovine IgG in dietary sources is frequently exposed to heat, the effect of heating on the physical state and Fc-binding properties of bovine IgG was examined. The data show that heating bovine IgG at concns of 0.9-3.6 mg/ml at 63 degrees C for 30 min in neutral buffer causes aggregation of bovine immunoglobulin (10-16% aggregation) and increases the ability of bovine IgG preparations to bind to human Fc gamma receptors of intact cells. Gel filtration studies suggest the possibility that bovine IgG may also be aggregated during the pasteurization of raw milk.
Mol Immunol 1987 Mar
PMID:Bovine IgG can aggregate at conditions simulating pasteurization and binds to some human Fc gamma receptors. 295

The transcriptional activity of genes may provide a reliable parameter for the ability of cells to synthesize and express gene products. In order to detect such transcription products not only qualitatively but also quantitatively, a method was developed to fluorochrome label cloned DNA coding for part of the constant fragment of the immunoglobulin mu-chain. Microfluorimetry of the bound fluorochrome allows a quantitative estimation of the amount of cloned DNA in the DNA-mRNA hybrids formed in the cytoplasm of individual cells by in situ hybridization and thus a quantitative estimation of the respective mRNA content. Moreover, upon appropriate preparation of the cells the simultaneous quantitative detection of surface antigenic properties with antibodies labeled with a second fluorochrome is possible. Such a cell preparation procedure was optimized according to the highest signal obtainable. In the system chosen, exemplary cells from normal donors and different lymphoproliferative disorders were investigated for their ability to express the immunoglobulin mu-chain. Whereas a B-CLL was positive for the mu-mRNA and a T-CLL was negative for it as expected, a number of non-T non-B cALLs contained varying fractions of mu-mRNA positive cells with varying intensities. This method will allow a more exact definition of differentiative steps in B-cell development with respect to surface antigenic pattern, activation of the immunoglobulin genes, first of all the mu-gene, and immunoglobulin content and expression. The same method can also be applied to other gene sequences for which cloned DNA fragments or cDNA is available, and for which the transcriptional activity in cells of defined surface antigenic properties is to be determined.
J Mol Cell Immunol 1987
PMID:In situ hybridization with fluorochrome-labeled cloned DNA for quantitative determination of the homologous mRNA in individual cells. 315 Oct 62

The effect of Lonidamine on the plasma membrane ultrastructure of normal and leukemic human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hPBL) was studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Lonidamine induces remarkable changes in the intramembrane particle distribution on both fracture faces of the plasma membrane as well as of the intracytoplasmic membranes. In particular, a dose-dependent clustering of intramembrane particles was observed in all cell types examined, i.e., normal T and B lymphocytes, T cells from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and B cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia, though to a different extent. Normal T lymphocytes appear to be the most sensitive to the action of the drug, while corresponding B cells are much less affected. As regards leukemic cells, in T lymphoblasts the ultrastructural membrane changes are lower than in normal T lymphocytes, whereas leukemic B cells show the same low response to Lonidamine treatment as their normal counterpart. Such a differential effect may be explained by the different membrane molecular organization displayed by normal T and B lymphocytes and by normal and leukemic cells. Moreover, the extent of the ultrastructural modifications at the plasma membrane level, correlates well with literature data on the inhibition of the aerobic glycolysis induced by Lonidamine on the different lymphoid cell types. These findings seem to further confirm that cell membranes are the primary targets of Lonidamine action.
Exp Mol Pathol 1988 Feb
PMID:Differential effect of lonidamine on the plasma membrane ultrastructure of normal and leukemic human lymphocytes. 325 92

Twenty-three patients with disseminated refractory malignancies each received a tailored combination of adriamycin-conjugated murine monoclonal antibodies. Tumors were typed using a panel of antibodies. Cocktails of up to six antibodies were selected based on binding greater than 80% of the malignant cells as tested by immunoperoxidase and flow cytometry. These monoclonal antibodies were then conjugated to Adriamycin and administered intravenously. Seventeen of 23 patients had reactions to the administration of immunoconjugates, but these were tolerable in all but two patients. Fever, chills, pruritus, and skin rash were by far the most common transitory reactions. All were well controlled with premedication. In several patients there was limited antigenic drift among various biopsies within the same patient over time. This observation confirms the necessity for the use of a cocktail of antibodies if one wishes to cover all tumor cells. Preliminary serologic evidence suggests that the development of an IgM antibody, which is specific against the mouse monoclonal antibody, has the specificity and sensitivity to predict clinical reactions. Selected patients were re-treated. One patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia had re-treatment on three occasions and demonstrated regression of peripheral lymph nodes. Two patients with breast carcinoma had definite improvement in ulcerating skin lesions and two patients with tongue carcinoma had shrinkage of their lesions. In the course of the study free Adriamycin released from the monoclonal antibodies was discovered to be a limiting factor in the amount of antibody that could be administered. Up to 1 g of Adriamycin and up to 5 g of monoclonal antibody were administered. The limiting factor appeared to be a variable dissociation of active Adriamycin from the antibody that unpredictably caused hemopoietic depression. This study demonstrates the feasibility and reviews technical considerations in preparing immunoconjugate cocktails for patients with refractory malignancies. The major technical hurdle appears to be the selection of an effective conjugation method that can be used to optimally bind Adriamycin to monoclonal antibodies for targeted cancer therapy.
Mol Biother 1988
PMID:Adriamycin custom-tailored immunoconjugates in the treatment of human malignancies. 326 48


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>