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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A DNA hybridization assay for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA was developed using random hexanucleotide-primed 32P-labelled Hind III restriction fragments of HCMV DNA as probes, and compared with a DNA hybridization assay using probes labelled with 32P by nick translation. Nick-translated probes were shown to be able to detect between 1 and 10 pg of homologous DNA or the DNA of 10-50 HCMV-infected fibroblasts. Random hexanucleotide-primed DNA probes lowered these detection limits to 0.1-0.5 pg of homologous DNA or one to five HCMV-infected fibroblasts. An increase in the autoradiographic exposure time from 18 h to 4 days increased the level of detection for homologous DNA or HCMV-infected fibroblast DNA by approximately five-fold. Preliminary screening of 35 urine samples by DNA hybridization using a random hexanucleotide-primed probe correctly identified three samples positive by virus isolation in tissue culture or immediate-early nuclear antigen detection and 29 of 32 samples negative by tissue culture.
Mol Cell Probes 1988 Sep
PMID:Detection of cytomegalovirus by dot-blot DNA hybridization using probes labelled with 32P by nick translation or random hexanucleotide priming. 285 36

The reaction of chemical carcinogens with DNA is well documented, but whether this interaction occurs at specific sites in chromatin is unknown. We have examined in vivo the reaction of a known carcinogen, chloroacetaldehyde, with the active and inactive major immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus. We found that during active transcription of the gene, this chemical carcinogen reacts with a unique DNA site in the 5' flanking sequence of the major immediate early gene. However, no reaction was detected in infected nonpermissive cells in which the gene was inactive. The chloroacetaldehyde-reactive site is located at -836 +/- 10 bp from the mRNA cap site in the part of the regulatory region that can both negatively and positively affect promoter activity [Nelson et al., Mol Cell Biol 7:4125-4129, 1987]. These results suggest, at least in the case of chloroacetaldehyde, the possibility that the molecular mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis involves a chemical reaction at specific sites in chromatin within the sequences responsible for regulation of gene expression. Such carcinogen-DNA interaction occurs as a consequence of a non-B DNA structure that contains unpaired DNA bases existing at specific sites in chromatin.
Mol Carcinog 1988
PMID:The chemical carcinogen, chloroacetaldehyde, modifies a specific site within the regulatory sequence of human cytomegalovirus major immediate early gene in vivo. 285 99

Biopsy and autopsy specimens from 22 patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections were investigated by means of in situ hybridization (ISH) to detect viral DNA and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to visualize viral proteins. Both methods proved to be valuable tools for histopathology. ISH sometimes recognized cells that did not show typical CMV inclusions. An antiserum against the full spectrum of viral proteins (non-infectious enveloped particles) detected most cytomegalic cells in disseminated and organ-limited infections. An antiserum against a recombinant polypeptide (XP1) was particularly useful in connatal CMV infections and organ-limited infections. We have demonstrated that IHC and ISH studies in parallel are the best approach to the detection of CMV infections in pathological specimens.
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1988
PMID:Detection of human cytomegalovirus DNA and viral antigens in tissues of different manifestations of CMV infection. 290 Nov 64

The degree of relatedness between previously identified cross-hybridizing regions within human cytomegalovirus strain AD169 and the avian retrovirus oncogene v-myc were investigated by nucleotide sequence comparison. We found that the homologous regions between the human cytomegalovirus genome and v-myc are limited to short G + C-rich regions in each genome and that the human cytomegalovirus genome shares little or no homology with the human c-myc gene.
Mol Cell Biol 1985 Jun
PMID:Sequences in human cytomegalovirus which hybridize with the avian retrovirus oncogene v-myc are G + C rich and do not hybridize with the human c-myc gene. 299 68

The acyclic nucleoside 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG) is a potent inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus in vitro and in vivo. In order to investigate the phosphorylation of DHPG to the monophosphate and identify the enzyme responsible, attempts were made to isolate DHPG kinase from calf thymus and from human cytomegalovirus-infected lung cells. From calf thymus, a mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinase was partially purified which co-migrated with DHPG phosphorylating activity on DEAE-cellulose, and had the same mobility by electrophoresis. DHPG triphosphate and DHPG kinase were elevated in cytomegalovirus-infected cells, but not enough enzyme activity was recovered to identify the kinase. However, DHPG was found to inhibit a cytosol deoxyguanosine kinase induced in these infected cells. The role of mitochondrial and cytosol deoxyguanosine kinases is discussed relative to the anti-cytomegalovirus activity of DHPG.
Mol Cell Biochem 1985 Nov
PMID:Interaction of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine with cytosol and mitochondrial deoxyguanosine kinases: possible role in anti-cytomegalovirus activity. 300 5

Human teratocarcinoma cells were used to examine structural features associated with expression of the major immediate-early (IE) gene of human cytomegalovirus. By immunofluorescence, comparison of RNA levels, and in vitro transcription of nuclei, we showed that the major IE gene is inactive in undifferentiated but active in differentiated cells. Therefore, the block in human cytomegalovirus replication in teratocarcinoma cells appears to be at the transcriptional level, in one of the initial genes transcribed. In addition, the in vitro transcription experiments demonstrated that in permissive infections the gene was transcriptionally inactive late in infection. A comparison of the structural features of the promoter region with the active and inactive IE genes showed the presence of constitutive and inducible DNase I-hypersensitive sites. The majority of the constitutive sites existed at -175, -275, -375, -425, and -525 relative to the cap site in an area which has been shown to be capable of simian virus 40 enhancer function. In contrast, the inducible DNase I sites were located outside this region at -650, -775, -875, and -975.
Mol Cell Biol 1986 Feb
PMID:Transcriptional regulation of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene is associated with induction of DNase I-hypersensitive sites. 302 48

A phenomenon of posttranscriptional regulation has been previously identified in cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblast cells (Wathen and Stinski, J. Virol. 41:462, 1982). A region typifying this phenomenon has been located within the large unique component of the viral genome (map units 0.408 to 0.423). Even though this transcriptional unit was highly transcribed at early times after infection, mRNAs from this region were only detectable on the polyribosomes after viral DNA replication. Thus, this region is believed to code for a late gene. Single-strand-specific nuclease mapping experiments of viral transcripts established that the transcriptional initiation sites and the 5' ends of a downstream exon were identical at early and late times. However, the late transcripts differed from the early transcripts by the processing of the 3' end of the viral RNAs. This involved either the removal of a distinct region of the transcript by the selection of an upstream cleavage and polyadenylation site or the differential splicing of the RNA molecule. The upstream cleavage and polyadenylation site was identified by nuclease mapping analyses and DNA sequencing. The 3'-end processing of these transcripts is necessary for the detection of these viral RNAs within the cytoplasm of the infected cell. We propose that human cytomegalovirus either codes for a factor(s) that is involved in the 3'-end-processing event at late times after infection or stimulates the synthesis of a host cell factor(s) involved in this complex regulatory event. This level of regulation may have an influence on the types of cells that permit productive cytomegalovirus replication.
Mol Cell Biol 1986 Dec
PMID:Expression of a human cytomegalovirus late gene is posttranscriptionally regulated by a 3'-end-processing event occurring exclusively late after infection. 302 44

We have determined the DNA sequence (46 kilobases) of the short unique region, the short repeat, and part of the long repeat of human cytomegalovirus strain AD169. Analysis of the sequence has revealed at least 38 possible regions that may code for protein. Many of these open reading frames show homology to each other, and five groups of homologous reading frames are identified. Half of the predicted translation products appear to be membrane proteins, and fall into two distinct classes; those that have potential signal and anchor sequences, and those that have seven potential membrane-spanning regions and appear to be integral membrane proteins. A number of the former class contain sites for N-linked glycosylation and may therefore be glycoproteins. None of the 38 open reading frames shows homology to other known herpesvirus proteins.
J Mol Biol 1986 Nov 20
PMID:Sequence of the short unique region, short repeats, and part of the long repeats of human cytomegalovirus. 303 11

The biological activities of 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil (2'F-ara-FU), 1-(3'-deoxy-3'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil (3'F-ara-FU) and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylthymine (ara-T) were compared in human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-infected and noninfected human fibroblasts. 2'F-ara-FU inhibited HCMV plaque formation (ED50, 16 microM for AD 169 strain) at lower concentrations than 3'F-ara-FU (ED50, 100 microM for AD 169). These nucleoside analogues are expected to be phosphorylated to their 5'-phosphate forms by cellular thymidine kinase in HCMV-infected cells. The thymidine kinase activities in the virus-infected and noninfected cells were compared. Cellular thymidine kinase was increased in the virus-infected cells and showed better phosphorylation of 2'F-ara-FU than did 3'F-ara-FU. HCMV DNA polymerase was purified using affinity column chromatography, and the inhibitory effect of the 5'-triphosphate derivatives of 2'F-ara-FU (2'F-ara-FUTP) and 3'F-ara-FU (3'F-ara-FUTP) against viral and host DNA polymerase alpha was examined. No significant difference in the effectiveness of inhibition was observed between viral DNA polymerase and host polymerase alpha. However, viral polymerase incorporated 2'F-ara-FUTP into newly synthesized DNA, whereas polymerase alpha did not utilize 2'F-ara-FUTP as a substrate. Thus, viral polymerase differs from host polymerase alpha in its recognition and utilization of 2'F-ara-FUTP. This difference may be important to the design of selective antiviral agents for HCMV.
Mol Pharmacol 1987 Mar
PMID:A proposed mechanism for the selective inhibition of human cytomegalovirus replication by 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil. 303 45

We report the nucleotide sequence of a BamHI-HindIII fragment of human cytomegalovirus containing the region (XbaI-HindIII) capable of transforming NIH3T3 cells. The single EcoRI site, shown to abolish transforming activity if cleaved, is present within an 8 base-pair inverted complementary repeat. Close to this sequence there is a small, potentially spliced, open reading frame possessing some of the signals involved in eukaryotic gene expression. Possible mechanisms of transformation, involving the inverted repeat sequence, are discussed.
Mol Biol Med 1983 Jul
PMID:Nucleotide sequence of the transforming region of human cytomegalovirus. 609 26


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