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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bovine 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P450 gene (CYP17) contains at least two cAMP-responsive sequences (CRS) within its 5'-flanking region. In this study it is demonstrated that one of the sequences, CRS1, is also a target for protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated regulation. Forskolin-induced, CRS1-dependent transcription of a heterologous minimal promoter/structural gene which had been transfected into the mouse adrenocortical tumor cell line Y1 was suppressed by activation of PKC by phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-14-acetate and phorbol 12,13-didecanoate-beta (PDD beta). Use of the active and inactive forms of PDD (PDD alpha and PDD beta) as well as down-regulation of PKC by prolonged treatment of the cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-14-acetate demonstrated that the effect of phorbol esters on transcription conferred by CRS1 was mediated through the PKC pathway and not a consequence of general toxicity to the cells. Analysis of the different steps in the signal transduction pathway between the adenylate cyclase and the CRS1 element suggests that phrobol esters do not exert their effect by altering the forskolin-induced cAMP production, activation of PKA, or the binding of nuclear proteins to CRS1. These results establish the CRS1 element as a target not only for PKA, but also for the PKC-mediated signal transduction pathway. They further suggest that PKC interferes with the transcriptional activation competence of factors bound to CRS1 and the minimal promoter.
Mol Endocrinol 1992 Aug
PMID:A novel 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive sequence in the bovine CYP17 gene is a target of negative regulation by protein kinase C. 132 75

Dominant mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene have been recently identified as causes of four phenotypically distinct craniosynostosis syndromes, including Crouzon, Jackson-Weiss, Pfeiffer, and Apert syndromes. These data suggest that the genetics of the craniosynostosis syndromes is more complex than would be expected from their simple autosomal-dominant inheritance pattern. Identical mutations in the FGFR2 gene have been reported to cause both Pfeiffer and Crouzon syndrome phenotypes. We now report the finding of a mutation in exon IIIc of the FGFR2 gene in a kindred affected with Crouzon syndrome (C1043 to G; Ala344Gly) that is identical to the mutation previously associated with Jackson-Weiss syndrome. We also report finding in a Crouzon kindred a mutation in the 3' end of exon IIIu (formerly referred to as exon 5, exon 7, or exon U) (A878 to C; Gln289Pro) which encodes the amino terminal portion of the Ig-like III domain of the FGFR2 protein. This exon is common to both the FGFR2 and the KGFR spliceoforms of the FGFR2 gene, unlike all previously reported Crouzon mutations, which have been found only in the FGFR2 spliceoform. These findings reveal further unexpected complexity in the molecular genetics of these craniosynostosis syndromes. The data implies that second-site mutations in FGFR2 itself (outside of exon IIIc) or in other genes may determine specific aspects of the phenotypes of craniosynostosis syndromes.
Hum Mol Genet 1995 Aug
PMID:Crouzon syndrome: mutations in two spliceoforms of FGFR2 and a common point mutation shared with Jackson-Weiss syndrome. 758 78

Craniosynostosis Adelaide type is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome associated with digital abnormalities. Linkage mapping was carried out excluding allelism to Saethre-Chotzen syndrome at 7p21, craniosynostosis Boston type at 5q34-q35, Jackson-Weiss and Crouzon syndromes at 10q24-q25 and Pfeiffer syndrome mapping near 8cen. Exclusion mapping was extended to the entire genome until linkage to chromosome 4 was detected. A maximum two-point lod score of 6.2 (theta = 0.0) was obtained with D4S412. The gene responsible for craniosynostosis Adelaide type was localized to 4p16, telomeric to D4S394. This region contains two plausible candidate genes, the MSX1 (HOX7) homeobox gene and the FGFR3 fibroblast growth factor receptor gene.
Hum Mol Genet 1995 Apr
PMID:Localization of craniosynostosis Adelaide type to 4p16. 763 18

Craniosynostosis, which affects approximately 1 in 2000 children, is the result of the abnormal development and/or premature fusion of the cranial sutures. Studies of mutations in patients with craniosynostosis have shown that the family of fibroblast growth factor receptor genes are extremely important in the correct formation of the skull, and digits. Mutations in the third immunoglobulin domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), in part of the molecule corresponding to a tissue specific isoform (IIIc), can cause both Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndromes. Two specific mutations in the linking region between the second and third immunoglobulin domains of FGFR2 occur in Apert syndrome. We present here mutations associated with the Crouzon syndrome, also in the third immunoglobulin domain but in an upstream exon. This exon is expressed in both tissue isoforms. Five different mutations were detected in 11 unrelated individuals. A cysteine to phenylalanine change was found in six individuals. This cysteine forms half of the disulphide bridge maintaining the secondary structure of the immunoglobulin domain. The first deletion within an FGFR gene is reported. Together with mutations in exon IIIc these account for 25 mutations out of 40 Crouzon patients studied in our combined series (5).
Hum Mol Genet 1995 Jun
PMID:Mutations in the third immunoglobulin domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 gene in Crouzon syndrome. 765 62

ACTH-dependent transcriptional activation of the bovine CYP17 gene (the gene encoding cytochrome P450 steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase) involves two cAMP-responsive sequences (CRS1 and CRS2) located in the promoter region. Here we demonstrate that two nuclear orphan receptors, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), bind to the part of the CRS2 element that contains the repeated sequences AAGTCA and AGGTCA spaced by six nucleotides (repCRS2). Overexpression of COUP-TF and SF-1 in both steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic cells demonstrated that SF-1 is an activator of repCRS2-dependent transcription of reporter genes. Furthermore, the SF-1-dependent transcription could be further stimulated by activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. In contrast, COUP-TF alone had no effect on repCRS2-dependent reporter gene activity. Mutations that interfere with the binding of SF-1 to repCRS2 in vitro abolished the cAMP-induced activities mediated by the element in transfected Y1 cells. The mutational analysis of repCRS2 further indicated that the binding sites for the two receptors overlap, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that the receptors bound in a mutually exclusive manner. Overexpression of both SF-1 and COUP-TFI simultaneously demonstrated that COUP-TFI inhibited SF-1-dependent activation of reporter genes. Transient transfection experiments with a construct containing a -100/+19 base pair fragment from the bovine CYP17 gene demonstrated that SF-1 and COUP-TF had similar effects on the intact promoter as on the repCRS2/reporter gene constructs. Our data suggest that the two orphan receptors bind in a mutually exclusive manner to repCRS2 and that SF-1 is involved in the activation and COUP-TF in the repression of repCRS2-dependent transcription.
Mol Endocrinol 1995 Mar
PMID:Mutually exclusive interactions of two nuclear orphan receptors determine activity of a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-responsive sequence in the bovine CYP17 gene. 777 79

Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder which affects the bones of the skull, hands and feet. Previously, we have mapped PS in a subset of families to chromosome 8cen by linkage analysis and demonstrated a common mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) gene in the linked families. Here we report a second locus for PS on chromosome 10q25, and present evidence that mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 (FGFR2) gene on 10q25 cause PS in an additional subset of familial and sporadic cases. Three different point mutations in FGFR2, which alter the same acceptor splice site of exon B, were observed in both sporadic and familial PS. In addition, a T to C transition in exon B predicting a cysteine to arginine substitution was identified in three sporadic PS individuals. Interestingly, this T to C change is identical to a mutation in FGFR2 previously reported in Crouzon syndrome, a phenotypically similar disorder but one lacking the hand and foot anomalies seen in PS. Our results highlight the genetic heterogeneity in PS and suggest that the molecular data will be an important complement to the clinical phenotype in defining craniosynostosis syndromes.
Hum Mol Genet 1995 Mar
PMID:Mutations in FGFR1 and FGFR2 cause familial and sporadic Pfeiffer syndrome. 779 83

Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniosynostosis, midfacial hypoplasia, and broad thumbs and great toes. We examined 129 individuals from 11 families with PS and performed linkage studies using microsatellite markers spanning the entire genome. Strongest support for linkage was with DNA markers (D8S255, GATA8G08) from chromosome 8. Obligate crossovers exclude close linkage to this region in six families, and there was significant evidence for genetic heterogeneity. A multipoint lod score of 7.15 was obtained in five families. The 11 cM interval between D8S278 and D8S285 contains one gene for PS and also spans the centromere of chromosome 8.
Hum Mol Genet 1994 Dec
PMID:Linkage of Pfeiffer syndrome to chromosome 8 centromere and evidence for genetic heterogeneity. 788 12

Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is a common autosomal dominant form of craniosynostosis, which results in the premature fusion of cranial sutures. Craniosynostosis is commonly associated with abnormalities of 7p; Vortkamp et al. (Nature 352, 539-540) demonstrated that the GLI3 gene in 7p13 was disrupted in, patients with Greig syndrome and, more recently, the linkage of genetic markers from 7p with the Saethre-Chotzen syndrome locus has been reported (2,3). Here we report the analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization of four patients with Saethre-Chotzen syndrome associated with apparently balanced translocations involving band 7p21.2 and different reciprocal chromosomes. We show that in all four patients the breakpoints in 7p are situated within a 6 cM region flanked by the genetic markers D7S488 and D7S493. These results provide further evidence that the genetic locus for Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is located in distal 7p.
Hum Mol Genet 1994 Aug
PMID:Localization of the genetic locus for Saethre-Chotzen syndrome to a 6 cM region of chromosome 7 using four cases with apparently balanced translocations at 7p21.2. 798 23

A clone bearing the rat CYP17 gene has been isolated and the sequence determined for 417 nucleotides 5' to the translation start site. The sequence shows one difference, a G-C inversion, with that published by Zhang et al. (1992). A transcription initiation site has been located at position -41 relative to the translation start site; this confirms the location published by Nason et al. (1992) with the caveat of the G-C inversion, so that the transcription start site becomes G instead of C. Overall percent similarities of this sequence with those of bovine, human, pig and mouse show values of 58, 64, 65, and 82, respectively. Similar comparisons done for the cAMP-responsive sequences, CRS-1 and CRS-2 (Lund et al., 1990), show 42, 55, 47 and 95% similarities for CRS-1, and 56, 77, 71 and 90% for CRS-2. These comparisons suggest that the highly conserved rat and mouse gene sequences corresponding to the bovine CRS-1 and CRS-2 may be important for either negative regulation of this gene in the adrenal or positive regulation in the gonads of these two species.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1993 Sep
PMID:The sequence of the 5'-end of the rat CYP17 gene, the transcription initiation site and a comparison with the homologous genes of other species. 824 12

Craniosynostosis, the abnormal development of the calvarial sutures, occurs as an autosomal dominant trait in many clinically distinct syndromes. We performed linkage analysis of a provisionally novel type of autosomal dominant craniosynostosis in a large three generational family. Linkage was established between the craniosynostotic locus and D5S211, a locus defined by the short tandem repeat polymorphism (STRP) marker Mfd 154 in distal 5q. The maximum LOD score, Zmax, was 4.8 at a recombination fraction of zero. No significant linkage was found with markers located 30 cM and more proximal to D5S211. The findings assign the craniosynostotic locus in this family to a telomeric region in the long arm of chromosome 5. Linkage analysis with Mfd 154 in other autosomal dominant craniosynostotic syndromes should reveal whether these disorders are caused by mutations of genes at the same or at different loci.
Hum Mol Genet 1993 Feb
PMID:Assignment of a gene locus involved in craniosynostosis to chromosome 5qter. 849


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