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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
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The spp81/ded1 mutations were isolated as suppressors of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae pre-mRNA splicing mutation, prp8-1. The SPP81/DED1 gene encodes a putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase. While attempting to clone the wild-type SPP81/DED1 gene we isolated plasmids which were able to suppress the cold-sensitive growth defect of spp81 mutants. These plasmids encoded a gene (named DBP1) which mapped to chromosome XVI and not to the SPP81/DED1 locus on chromosome XV. The cloned gene suppressed the defect of spp81/ded1 mutants when present on both high and low copy-number plasmids but complemented spp81/ded1 null mutants only when present on high copy-number plasmids. In contrast to the SPP81/DED1 gene the DBP1 gene was not essential for cell viability. The nucleotide sequence of the DBP1 gene revealed that it also encoded a putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase which showed considerable similarity at the amino acid level to the SPP81/DED1 protein.
Mol Microbiol 1991 Apr
PMID:A suppressor of yeast spp81/ded1 mutations encodes a very similar putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase. 185 5

A cDNA encoding maize enolase (2-phospho-D-glycerate hydrolase) was purified by functional genetic complementation using an enolase deficient mutant of Escherichia coli, DF261. This cDNA, pZM245, was characterized by restriction mapping and DNA sequence analysis. The cDNA contained an open reading frame encoding a protein of 446 amino acids with a high degree of similarity to enolase sequences from other organisms (72% identity to yeast enolase and 82% identity to human enolase). The pZM245 contains a correctly positioned consensus prokaryotic translation initiation sequence. The specific activity of enolase in maize increases to about twice its initial level after 48 hours of anaerobiosis. Northern-blot analysis showed a five-fold anaerobic induction in enolase mRNA, while heat shock or cold shock increased enolase mRNA levels only slightly. Southern-blot analysis of maize genomic DNA indicated that there is one copy of the pZM245 hybridizing sequence per haploid genome in maize.
Plant Mol Biol 1991 May
PMID:Characterization of a maize cDNA that complements an enolase-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli. 185 65

A Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog to Drosophila melanogaster and mouse Tcp-1 encoding tailless complex polypeptide 1 (TCP1) has been identified, sequenced, and mapped. The mouse t complex has been under scrutiny for six decades because of its effects on embryogenesis and sperm differentiation and function. TCP1 is an essential gene in yeast cells and is located on chromosome 4R, linked to pet14. The TCP1-encoded proteins in yeast, Drosophila, and mouse cells share between 61 and 72% amino acid sequence identities, suggesting a primordial function for the TCP1 gene product. To assess function, we constructed a cold-impaired recessive mutation (tcp1-1) in the yeast gene. Cells carrying the tcp1-1 mutation grew linearly rather than exponentially at the restrictive temperature of 15 degrees C with a generation time of approximately 32 h in minimal medium. Both multinucleate and anucleate cells accumulated with time, suggesting that the linear growth kinetics may be explained by the generation of anucleate buds incapable of further cell division. In addition, the multinucleate and anucleate cells contained morphologically abnormal structures detected by anti-alpha-tubulin antibodies. The kinetics of appearance of these abnormalities suggest that they are a direct consequence of loss of function of the TCP1 protein and not a delayed, indirect consequence of cell death. We also observed that strains carrying tcp1-1 were hypersensitive to antimitotic compounds. Taken together, these observations imply that the TCP1 protein affects microtubule-mediated processes.
Mol Cell Biol 1991 May
PMID:The yeast homolog to mouse Tcp-1 affects microtubule-mediated processes. 190 44

Temperature-sensitive mutants defective in 60S ribosomal subunit protein L16 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated through hydroxylamine mutagenesis of the RPL16B gene and plasmid shuffling. Two heat-sensitive and two cold-sensitive isolates were characterized. The growth of the four mutants is inhibited at their restrictive temperatures. However, many of the cells remain viable if returned to their permissive temperatures. All of the mutants are deficient in 60S ribosomal subunits and therefore accumulate translational preinitiation complexes. Three of the mutants exhibit a shortage of mature 25S rRNA, and one accumulates rRNA precursors. The accumulation of rRNA precursors suggests that ribosome assembly may be slowed in this mutant. These phenotypes lead us to propose that mutants containing the rpl16b alleles are defective for 60S subunit assembly rather than function. In the mutant carrying the rpl16b-1 allele, ribosomes initiate translation at the noncanonical codon AUA, at least on the rpl16b-1 mRNA, bringing to light a possible connection between the rate and the fidelity of translation initiation.
Mol Cell Biol 1991 Nov
PMID:Assembly of 60S ribosomal subunits is perturbed in temperature-sensitive yeast mutants defective in ribosomal protein L16. 192 70

Carp semen obtained from isolated fish after hormonal stimulation was highly variable in terms of volume of semen, osmotic pressure of the seminal plasma, and sperm capacity to move. Moreover, this last parameter was unstable when the spermatozoa were kept within the seminal plasma, and the present work was designed to investigate and possibly correct this phenomenon. Sperm potential movement was the major parameter studied and was measured by the percentage of motile cells in a final 3.000-fold dilution in a medium of low osmotic pressure in which sperm movement is known to occur (Morisawa and Suzuki, Science 210:1145-1147, 1980). This was completed with occasional measurements of flagellar beat frequencies and demembranation-reactivation of axonemal movement. The results showed that sperm potential movement was preserved upon dilution of the semen into cold 200 mM KCl medium and that semen of initially "poor" quality or spermatozoa that had lost their capacity to move during storage in the semen recovered gradually their potential movement during incubation at 2 degrees C in the same medium. The K+ dependence for both the conservation and the regeneration of sperm capacity to move showed a minimal requirement of 50 mM KCl in media of high osmotic pressure. Na+ ions had similar properties but not divalent cations. The K+ activation was not pH dependent between pH 9.03 and 6.04. Whatever the functional state of live spermatozoa, demembranation-reactivation occurred in ATP-Mg2+. It is concluded that, with dilution of the semen in appropriate conditions, carp spermatozoa retain or acquire potential movement and therefore are a lower vertebrate spermatozoa model available year-round. In addition, obtaining potentially nonmotile sperm and reversion in vitro might be useful to study the control of in vitro maturation.
Mol Reprod Dev 1991 Jul
PMID:In vitro maturation of the potential for movement of carp spermatozoa. 193 Oct 42

The nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid sequence of a cDNA clone (BLT4) for a low temperature induced barley gene were determined. This gene, together with a small family of related genes, was shown to reside on chromosome 3. The BLT4 clone has homology with genes in wheat and oats. Its expression was studied in oats and in barley doubled haploid lines segregating for spring/winter habit and for frost hardiness. These analyses show that elevated steady state levels of BLT4 mRNA are produced in shoot meristematic tissue after 3 days low positive temperature treatment. The low temperature response was found in all barley doubled haploid lines and was therefore not associated specifically with either the spring/winter habit or frost hardiness. Elevated levels of BLT4 mRNA were also seen in drought-stressed barley and it is likely that this is a gene encoding a low molecular weight protein that is responsive to dehydrative stresses, such as cold and drought.
Mol Gen Genet 1991 Oct
PMID:Nucleotide sequence and molecular analysis of the low temperature induced cereal gene, BLT4. 194 26

The eye lens beta-crystallins in cow and chicken are encoded by a family of at least six genes. In order to assess the distribution of the corresponding genes among other vertebrates we hybridized beta-crystallin sequences (beta A2, beta A3/A1, beta A4, beta B1, beta B2, beta B3), isolated from a bovine lens cDNA library, to Southern blots on which EcoR1-digested chromosomal DNA was blotted from different vertebrate species. These included human, chimpanzee, calf, rat, pigeon, duck, monitor lizard, toad, trout, and lamprey. Positive hybridization signals were found in the representatives of virtually all classes of vertebrates. The basic beta B-crystallins gave hybridization signals in more species than the acidic beta A ones. In monitor lizard and toad the weakest hybridization signals for basic crystallin probes were found. For acidic crystallin probes the distribution pattern was more simple; among cold-blooded vertebrates a signal for beta A2 was found in trout and lamprey, for beta A4 in trout, and for beta A3/A1 only in toad. The results demonstrate that the duplications leading to the beta-crystallin gene family occurred before or during the earliest stages of vertebrate evolution.
J Mol Evol 1991 Nov
PMID:Presence of hybridizing DNA sequences homologous to bovine acidic and basic beta-crystallins in all classes of vertebrates. 196 Jul 42

1. Specific binding sites for neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) were investigated in rat brain areas using quantitative receptor autoradiography with 125I-Bolton-Hunter NPY (125I-BH-NPY) and 125I-PYY, radioligands for PP-fold family peptides receptors. 2. There were no differences between localization of 125I-BH-NPY and 125I-PYY binding sites in the rat brain. High densities of the binding sites were present in the anterior olfactory nucleus, lateral septal nucleus, stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, posteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus, and area postrema. 3. In cold ligand-saturation experiments done in the presence of increasing concentrations of unlabeled NPY and PYY, 125I-BH-NPY and 125I-PYY binding to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, layer I of the somatosensory frontoparietal cortex, molecular layer of the cerebellum, and area postrema was single and of a high affinity. There was a significant difference between the affinities of 125I-BH-NPY (Kd = 0.96 nM) and 125I-PYY binding (Kd = 0.05 nM) to the molecular layer of the cerebellum. The binding of the two radioligands to the other areas examined had the same affinities. 4. When comparing the potency of unlabeled rat pancreatic polypeptide (rPP), a family peptide of NPY and PYY, to inhibit the binding to the areas examined, rPP displaced 125I-BH-NPY and 125I-PYY binding to the area postrema more potently than it did the binding to the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, layer I of the somatosensory frontoparietal cortex, and molecular layer of the cerebellum. 5. Thus, the quantitative receptor autoradiographic method with 125I-BH-NPY and 125I-PYY revealed differences in binding characteristics of specific NPY and PYY binding sites in different areas of the rat brain. The results provide further evidence for the existence of multiple NPY-PYY receptors in the central nervous system.
Cell Mol Neurobiol 1990 Dec
PMID:Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) receptors in rat brain. 196 25

Lipid peroxidation measured both by the formation of malondialdehyde and by oxygen uptake in presence of NADPH, Fe2+ and ADP in hepatic microsomes increased on cold exposure and decreased on heat exposure of rats. Malondialdehyde content of isolated microsomes also showed similar changes. Treatment of animals with noradrenaline or a alpha-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine, increased lipid peroxidation which was prevented by simultaneous treatment with cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. Cold- and noradrenaline-induced increases were not found in animals pretreated with alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, but not with propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. The concentration of the microsomal cytochromes P-450 and b5 remained unaffected under these conditions but the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase showed parallel changes. These observations suggest a role for lipid peroxidation in cellular thermogenesis in liver tissue.
Mol Cell Biochem 1990 Apr 18
PMID:Increase in hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation mediated by alpha-adrenergic system under cold stress and noradrenaline treatment. 197 25

Severe structural changes leading to marked alterations in secretory activity are known to occur in the pituitary-thyroid axis 1 month after induction of postpuberal streptozocin (SZ)-diabetes. However, SZ-diabetic rats of different age groups have not been compared, nor has the maturity of the pituitary and thyroid glands at the onset of diabetes been correlated with the type and evolution of functional and structural changes. We thus induced diabetes in 1-month (prepuberal of 3-month (postpuberal) old male rats and compared diabetic with control groups 4 and 8 months after SZ or saline injection. We determined: 1) pituitary and thyroid weights, 2) the basal plasma TSH, T3, and T4 concentrations, and 3) several morphometrical measurements in the pituitary and thyroid glands. After 4 months, 1) the pituitary and thyroid weights were decreased, 2) plasma TSH and T3 were unchanged, plasma T4 was reduced. and 3) the number of thyrotropes, degenerative changes of follicle cells, and colloid area were increased, the follicle cell height as well as the number of fused cold follicles decreased, and the follicle area was unchanged in diabetic compared with control rats. The lesions were more conspicuous in pre- than in postpuberal diabetic animals. After 8 months, plasma TSH, T3, and T4 were decreased in diabetic compared with control rats. Except for the increased colloid area, all other lesions were similar, though more severe in prepuberal diabetic rats after 8 than 4 months. Few changes were found in postpuberal diabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1990
PMID:The age at onset of diabetes influences functional and structural changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis of streptozocin-diabetic male rats. 198 Jan 70


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