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Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Plasmid and phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) harboring bacterial insertion sequence (IS) elements IS1, IS2, and IS5 were characterized and used as probes to detect homologous sequences in various procaryotic and eucaryotic genomes. The hybridization method used permits the detection of sequences partially homologous to the elements. Hybridization of the IS-containing probes to each other revealed a region of limited homology between IS1 and IS2. Homologous sequences were then detected by computer analysis of the published IS1 and IS2 nucleotide sequences. The homologous sequence contains a tandemly repeated tetranucleotide sequence which resembles the repeated sequence at the hot spot for spontaneous mutations in the lacI gene (P. J. Farabaugh, U. Schmeissner, M. Hofer, and J. Miller, J. Mol. Biol. 126:847-863, 1978). Homology between the IS elements and various genomes was determined by hybridizing labeled DNA containing IS1, IS2, and IS5 sequences to Southern blots of chromosomal DNA cleaved with restriction endonucleases. IS1 and IS5 appear limited to the enteric bacteria, whereas IS2 sequences can also be detected in Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens. Bacteria which appear not to possess extrachromosomal elements, e.g., Caulobacter crescentus, did not show homology with any insertion sequences tested. In addition, sequences homologous to IS1, IS2, or IS5 were not detected in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dictyostelium discoideum, or calf thymus DNA.
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PMID:Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence homologies among bacterial insertion sequence elements and genomes of various organisms. 15 91

When cells of the thymus or mouse leukemias P288 and L1210 are exposed in vitro to the potent synthetic glucocorticoid, 3H-Triamcinolone acetonide, the steroid enters the cells passively and binds to macromolecules in the cytoplasm. At 37 degrees C this hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus and associates with the chromatin. The association with chromatin occurs not only in the corticosteroid-sensitive rat thymocytes and mouse tumors P288 and P1798S but also in the corticosteroid-resistant mouse tumors L1210 and P1798R. An apparent correlation, although not absolute, exists between the content of glucocorticoid-binding macromolecule and the sensitivity of the lymphocytes studied to the lytic effect of glucocorticoids; the sensitive cells having more receptor than the resistant cells. The process of lysis is attributed to the release from the much larger stores of triglyceride in thymus and sensitive lymphoma cells, of a large pool of FFA which causes focal damage to the nuclear membrane resulting in karyorrhexis and, subsequently, to cytolysis. Resistance is attributed to the capacity for preventing the accumulation of greater than about 0.5 fmole FFA/cell. Resistant cells induced to accumulate greater amounts, even for a few minutes, ultimately undergo lysis. Most effective in accomplishing this are branched chain fatty acids of C-8 and higher, which block FFA metabolism, causing accumulation which results in cytolysis.
Mol Cell Biochem 1975 Dec 31
PMID:Glucocorticoid receptors and lymphocytolysis in normal and neoplastic lymphocytes. 17 80

The phosphorylation of lysine-rich histones F1, F2a2 and F2b of calf thymus has been investigated using homogeneous histone kinase from pig brain. 32P-labelled phosphopeptides from tryptic digests of corresponding histones were obtained. According to N-terminal analysis and the quantitative determination of amino acid composition of the obtained radioactive peptides the sites of phosphorylation were identified in the primary structure of lysine-rich histones, namely, Ser-38 for the polypeptide chain of histone F1, Ser-19 or 18 for histone F2a2 and Ser-14 and 36 for histone F2b. Thus, the high specificity of brain histone kinase in vitro was demonstrated.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Phosphorylation of lysine-rich histones by swine brain histokinase]. 18 71

The energy metabolism of rat thymus cells has been investigated using preparations of isolated cells obtained by mechanical treatment of whole organs. The addition of glycolytic substrates such as glucose, pyruvate and lactate stimulates the endogenous respiration of these cells by 50%. On the other hand, succinate, glutamate and malate do not produce any effect. Oligomycin (10 mug/ml) inhibits both endogenous and glucose stimulated respiration by about 40%; 2, 4-DNP (50 muM) increases by 100% glucose induced respiration. The results obtained by using mitochondrial and glycolytic inhibitors as well as aminoxyacetic acid (AOA) and following pyridine nucleotides redox changes, support the idea that in thymus cells glucose is able to induce a great enhancement of O2 consumption both by raising the level of endogenous pyruvate and feeding the mitochondrial respiratory chain with cytosolic reducing equivalents, through an active malate-aspartate shuttle. Thymus cells exhibit a high Pasteur effect (74%). Both AOA and 2,4 DNP are able to stimulate aerobic lactate accumulation by 200% and 100% respectively, indicating that either the redox or phosphate potential do influence the rate of aerobic glycolysis in isolated thymus cells. Similar experiments are also reported on other cells with well known biochemical characteristics.
Mol Cell Biochem 1975 Jul 31
PMID:Energy metabolism of isolated rat thymus cells. 24 Oct 10

Treatment of rat thymus cells with the glucocorticoids cortisol and dexamethasone resulted in the stimulation of RNA polymerase B activity within 10 min of steroid addition. This early effect was followed by the inhibition of both RNA polymerase A and B activities. These effects were glucocorticoid-specific and were inhibited by the antiglucocorticoid cortexolone. The inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on RNA polymerase A activity was abolished by prior treatment of the cells with alpha-amanitin, cordycepin or cycloheximide, but cycloheximide was only capable of inhibiting the steroid effect measured at 3 h if added within 10--20 min after steroid addition. Cycloheximide had no effect on the steroid-mediated inhibition of RNA polymerase B activity. Control RNA polymerase A activities were unaffected by the presence of inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. It is concluded that the inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis by glucocorticoids is dependent on protein synthesis, but that basal RNA polymerase A activity in rat thymus cells is not stringently coupled to protein synthesis.
Mol Cell Endocrinol 1978 Jan
PMID:Glucocorticoid regulation of rat thymus RNA polymerase activity: the role of RNA and protein synthesis. 30 18

Successful cardiac allografts were accomplished across the major histocompatibility complex of rats. LEW and F344 (Ag-B2) rats were lethally irradiated and grafted with WF (Ag-B1) hearts on day 0. Either on day 0 or day 2, the hosts were repopulated with syngeneic hemopoietic cells. The best results were obtained (86%) when a mixture of 3.0 x10(7) non-adherent syngeneic bone marrow and thymus cells were used to repopulate the recipients. In contrast, all of the WF to LEW heart grafts were rejected within 30 days if syngeneic thoracic duct and bone marrow cells were used to repopulate the host. Tolerant rats bearing a functioning WF heart graft were able to mount a normal antibody response to SRBC and a proliferative response to Con A. They accepted a second WF heart or a WF kidney graft but rejected WF skin and bone marrow grafts as well as "third-party" ACl or BN hearts. The lymphocytes of tolerant rats had a reduced response to WF antigens as assayed by local or systemic graft-versus-host reactions in (LEW x WF)F1 recipients. Tolerance to the WF hearts was resistant to a large innoculum of normal spleen and lymph node cells. The unresponsive state could be transferred to unirradiated LEW rats with a mixture of spleen, thymus, lymph node and bone marrow cells.
Mol Cell Biochem 1978 Nov 01
PMID:Successful cardiac allografts in syngeneic radiation chimeras. 36 96

Splitting of DNA in rat thymus nuclei by Serratia marcescens endonuclease has been studied. DNA fragments were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Obtained data indicate that the internucleosomal DNA interacts with histones octamer and is cut by endonuclease to fragments multiple of 10 nucleotides. Limits digestion of nuclei with Serratia endonuclease (up to 50% of DNA acid solubility) leaves in a nondegraded form the chromatin fragments including DNA pieces up to 1000 bases in size-resistant DNA. Partly, the resistant DNA has properties of single-stranded molecules. These data are interpreted so that Serratia endonuclease is able to hydrolyse with some preference one of the DNA strands in chromatin. It can be considered as an evidence of different modes of interaction of the histone core with the two DNA strands.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Arrangement in chromatin of DNA sites accessible to Serratia marcescens endonuclease]. 36 99

3'(2')-O-acyl derivatives of the uridine triphosphate were synthesized. Acyl residues contained fluorescent dye; fluoresceine or rodamine C. Optical properties and stability of UTP analogues were studied. Their ability to serve as the substrates for calf thymus terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase and E. coli RNA polymerase was also examined. It was shown that both enzymes were able to use tested analogues as substrates. Incorporation of the analogues into nascent RNA and DNA chains inhibited the synthetic reaction because of primer inactivation. The rate of the incorporation of the analogues showed an exponential time dependence
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Addition of the fluorescent label to the 3'-OH end of DNA and the 3'-OH end of nascent RNA]. 37 5

The interaction of pyridoxal, pyridoxal-5'-mono-, di- and triphosphate with certain enzymes of polynucleotide synthesis (DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, DNA-dependent DNA polymerase I and polynucleotide phosphorylase from Escherichia coli and terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase from calf thymus) was studied. All compounds tested was found to be reversible and competitive inhibitors of these enzymes. The reduction of the enzyme-inhibitor complex with NaBH4 gives rise to the complete irreversible inhibition of the enzymes under study. The comparison of the inhibition constants for pyridoxal and its phosphorylated derivatives with those for mono-, di- and triphosphates of nucleosides was carried out for the enzymes. The results obtained suggest that the modified epsilon-amino-group of lysine residue should be localized at the catalytic site in the vicinity of the pyrophosphate binding area of an enzyme.
Mol Biol (Mosk)
PMID:[Interaction of oligophosphates of pyridoxal with certain enzymes of polynucleotide synthesis]. 38 98

Chromatin from calf thymus isolated under hypotonic conditions in the presence of various agents was investigated by methods of electron microscopy prior to and after EDTA treatment. It is shown that the presence of chelating agents and, especially, the application of considerable mechanical forces in the course of isolation may cause damage to the nucleosomal structure of the chromatin. Moreover, sufficiently great mechanical forces are liable to destroy the structure of the chromatin nucleosomal fibres even when they are packed in structures of a higher order of organization of the chromatin.
Mol Biol Rep 1978 Feb 28
PMID:The effect of various conditions of chromatin isolation on the nucleosomal structure of the isolated chromatin. 41 38


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