Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UNIPROT:P06889 (Mol)
 630,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The complete sequence of the carp mitochondrial genome of 16,575 base pairs has been determined. The carp mitochondrial genome encodes the same set of genes (13 proteins, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs) as do other vertebrate mitochondrial DNAs. Comparison of this teleostean mitochondrial genome with those of other vertebrates reveals a similar gene order and compact genomic organization. The codon usage of proteins of carp mitochondrial genome is similar to that of other vertebrates. The phylogenetic relationship for mitochondrial protein genes is more apparent than that for the mitochondrial tRNA and rRNA genes.
J Mol Evol 1994 Feb
PMID:The complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of carp (Cyprinus carpio) mitochondrial genome. 816 59

Transgenic common carp, Cyprinus carpio, possessing the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence of avian Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) fused to the rainbow trout (rt) growth hormone (GH1) complementary DNA (cDNA) were produced by microinjection. Initial studies showed that the transgenic common carp transmitted the foreign DNA to a significant fraction of their progeny in three of four crosses of transgenic males with control females. These progeny grew 20 to 40% faster than their nontransgenic full siblings. In this study, additional experiments were conducted to evaluate inheritance and expression of the foreign GH gene in transgenic common carp, and the growth performance of these transgenic fish. Four P1 (parental generation produced by microinjection) x nontransgenic controls, four P1 x P1, and one P1 x F1 matings of transgenic carp containing RSVLTR-rtGH1 cDNA were made. The percentages of transgenic progeny resulting from these matings were: 0, 32, 42, 100 (4 progeny only), 21, 21, 31, 30, and 23%, respectively. All crosses except 1 siblot (control x P1) exhibited progeny ratios below the expected 50 or 75% transgenic. These results indicate that most of these transgenic P1 had the foreign gene in their germ line but were mosaics, and at least one transgenic individual did not have the RSVLTR-rtGH1 cDNA in the gonadal tissue. Both P1 and F1 transgenic fish produce trout growth hormone mRNA and polypeptide as determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification, RNA dot-blot hybridization, and radio-immunobinding assay. Growth response by families of F1 transgenic fish to the addition of rtGH1 cDNA varied widely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol
PMID:Expression and inheritance of RSVLTR-rtGH1 complementary DNA in the transgenic common carp, Cyprinus carpio. 836 92

Several vectors containing (1) regulatory regions from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), human cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK); (2) introns from early or late SV40 genes and from trout growth hormone gene (tGH); (3) chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT); and (4) transcription terminators from SV40 were transfected into carp EPC cells, salmon CHSE cells, tilapia TO2 cells, quail QT6 cells, and hamster CHO cells. CAT activity was measured in extracts from several cell lines 3 days after transfection and in the fish EPC stable clones. The CMV and RSV promoters were the most potent in all cell types. The intron from late SV40 genes (VP1 intron) worked properly in QT6 and CHO cells but not in EPC and very weakly in TO2 cells. The tGH intron was efficient in all cell types but preferentially in fish cells. The small t intron from SV40 was processed in all cell types. The small t and, to a lesser extent, the tGH introns amplified expression of cat gene in stable clones, in comparison to the transiently transfected cells. These results indicate that elements from mammalian genes may not be properly recognized by the fish cellular machinery and in an unpredictable manner. This finding suggests that vectors prepared to express foreign genes in transfected cultured fish cells and transgenic fish should preferably contain DNA sequences from fish genes or, alternatively, those sequences from mammalian genes that have been previously proved to be compatible with the fish cellular machinery.
Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 1993 Jun
PMID:Efficiency of introns from various origins in fish cells. 839 51

By using complete sequence data of mitochondrial DNAs, three Markov models (Dayhoff, Proportional, and Poisson models) for amino acid substitutions during evolution were applied in maximum likelihood analyses of mitochondrially encoded proteins to estimate a phylogenetic tree depicting human, cow, whale, and murids (mouse and rat), with chicken, frog, and carp as outgroups. A cow/whale clade was confirmed with a more than 99.8% confidence level by any of the three models, but the branching order among human, murids, and the cow/whale clade remained uncertain. It turned out that the Dayhoff model is by far the most appropriate model among the alternatives in approximating the amino acid substitutions of mitochondrially encoded proteins, which is consistent with a previous analysis of a more limited data set. It was shown that the substitution rate of mitochondrially encoded proteins has increased in the order of fishes, amphibians, birds, and mammals and that the rate in mammals is at least six times, probably an order of magnitude, higher than that in fishes. The higher evolutionary rate in birds and mammals than in amphibians and fishes was attributed to relaxation of selective constraints operating on proteins in warm-blooded vertebrates and to high mutation rate of bird and mammalian mitochondrial DNAs.
J Mol Evol 1993 Mar
PMID:Tempo and mode of mitochondrial DNA evolution in vertebrates at the amino acid sequence level: rapid evolution in warm-blooded vertebrates. 848 65

Membranes were prepared from tissues of the carp Ctenopharynogodon idellus including liver, kidney, intestine, adipose tissue, ovary, gill, heart, muscle and spleen. The carp liver and intestine membranes bound 125I-labeled bovine growth hormone and the binding could be displaced by cold bovine growth hormone. No changes in the ability to bind 125I-labeled bovine growth hormone occurred after treatment of the carp liver membrane with DNase, RNase, alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase, suggesting that neither nucleic acids nor carbohydrates played an important part in the hepatic binding of growth hormone. Treatment of carp liver membranes with either chymotrypsin or trypsin produced a decrease in the growth hormone binding activity, indicating that the growth hormone receptor on carp liver membrane is a protein. Treatment of carp liver membranes with p-chloromercuribenzoate brought about a reduction in 125I-bGH binding. The inhibition could be reversed by dithioerythritol, suggesting the involvement of essential sulfhydryl group in bGH binding.
Biochem Mol Biol Int 1993 Mar
PMID:Presence of growth hormone receptors in carp liver and intestine. 849 May 77

Monitoring genotoxicity of the environment using endemic organisms as sentinels requires the development of sensitive assays. Toward this end, we explored the feasibility of applying the alkaline single cell gel (SCG) or "comet" assay. This approach involves detection, under alkaline conditions, of cell DNA fragments which, on electrophoresis, migrate from the nuclear core, resulting in a "comet with tail" formation. Tail length has been correlated with level of genotoxicant exposure in a number of organisms. The fish used in this study were benthic feeding bullheads (Ameiurus nebulosus) and carp (Cyprinus carpio). On electrophoresis of erythrocyte DNA under alkaline conditions, we found a linear increase in the tail length/core width ratio over a broad range of cyclophosphamide doses. Freshly caught bullheads from seven different sites showed a wide range of DNA damage. Bullheads from Big Creek (western Lake Erie), Hamilton Harbour (western Lake Ontario), and the Detroit River gave ratios of 3.81 to 4.65. Based on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) levels, the sediment at these three sites is considered to be heavily polluted. Bullheads from southern Lake Huron, which is relatively clean, and from a fish hatchery in Brockport, New York, gave ratios between 1.30 and 1.40. Bullheads from Big Creek, maintained in the laboratory for 3 months, gave ratios which approached those seen in hatchery-bred fish. Results for carp were similar. Carp from Big Creek gave ratios of about 4.50, while carp from Lake Huron and laboratory-maintained carp gave values of 1.23 and 1.36, respectively. The results of the SCG procedure in bullheads and carp indicate that this assay is extremely sensitive and should be useful in detecting DNA damage caused by environmental contaminants.
Environ Mol Mutagen 1995
PMID:Alkaline single cell gel (comet) assay and genotoxicity monitoring using bullheads and carp. 857 24

The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA of the rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss, has been determined. The total length of the molecule is 16,660 bp. The rainbow trout mitochondrial DNA has the same organization described in eutherian mammals, the clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), and the two fish species, Oriental stream loach (Crossotoma lacustre) and carp (Cyprinus carpio). Alignment and comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the 13 proteins encoded by rainbow trout and other vertebrate mitochondrial genomes allowed us to estimate that COI is the most conserved mitochondrial subunit (amino acid identity ranging from 85.6% to 94.8%) whereas ATPase 8 is the most variable one (amino acid identity ranging from 30.8% to 70.4%). Putative secondary structures for the 22 tRNAs found in the molecule are given along with an extensive comparison of tRNA sequences among representative species of each major group of vertebrates. In this sense, an unusual cloverleaf structure for the tRNASer(AGY) is proposed. A stem-loop structure inferred for the origin of the L-strand replication (OL) and the presence of a large polycytidine tract in the OL loop is described. The existence of this stretch instead of the usual T-rich sequence reported so far in mammal mtDNAs is explained in terms of a less-strict template dependence of the RNA primase involved in the initiation of L-strand replication.
J Mol Evol 1995 Dec
PMID:The complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial DNA genome of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. 858 39

An insulin-like growth factor (IGF) complementary DNA (cDNA) was isolated from a liver cDNA library of adult common carp, Cyprinus carpio. The identity of this cDNA clone was confirmed by nucleotide sequence determination. Sequence comparison with other vertebrate and rainbow trout IGFs showed that this cDNA encodes a particular subtype of IGF-I, IGF-IEa2. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay showed that this IGF-I is expressed mainly in the liver (hepatopancreas) of adult common carp. Analyses of 26 other cDNA clones isolated from the same library (using a probe carrying the conserved region of the common carp IGF-IEa2 cDNA clone) showed that these clones represent different insert sizes of the same IGF-IEa2. In conclusion, IGF-IEa2 is the predominantly expressed IGF in the liver of adult common carp.
Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 1996 Jun
PMID:Insulin-like growth factor IEa2 is the predominantly expressed form of IGF in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 868 May 27

A highly repetitive interspersed DNA sequence (MRE) was isolated from the genome of medaka, Oryzias latipes, and characterized. Three distinct sequences of MRE were cloned and compared. The conserved sequences of MRE were approximately 220 bp in length. On average, one copy of MRE was present in every 153 kb, and the number of copies of MRE in the genome was calculated to be approximately 9800. MRE constituted approximately 0.14% of the genome. MRE-related sequences were not detected in carp (Cyprinus carpio) red-spot masu trout (Oncorhynchus masou macrostomus), masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou masou), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), eel (Anguilla japonica), Arctic lamprey (Lampetera japonica), or yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). MRE was randomly distributed in the medaka genome, indicating a high incidence of polymorphism in the five medaka inbred lines.
Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 1996 Sep
PMID:A highly repetitive sequence isolated from genomic DNA of the medaka (Oryzias latipes). 881 27

The ovarian fluid of carp consists of many components. Using the antiserum against carp serum, Western blot analysis of ovarian fluid was done in order to distinguish substances synthesized by the ovary from those derived from the serum. Several ovary-specific substances were detected including a protein of 12 kDa (p12), which was purified to homogeneity. Purified p12 displays a single band in SDS-PAGE under nonreducing condition and it can inhibit the enzymatic activity of papain with an apparent inhibition constant of 0.01 nM. The primary structure of p12 was partially determined by Edman degradation and fully elucidated by molecular cloning. A cDNA of 531 bp encoding p12 was obtained. The precursor of p12 has 129 residues, including a signal peptide of 18 residues and a mature protein of 111 residues. The N- and C-terminus of p12 are threonine and methionine, respectively. The p12 shares many common features of the family 2 cystatins of other species, including the similarity of the protein size (in the range of 110 to 120 residues), the presence of 4 cysteine residues and the occurrence of invariant residues throughout the molecule.
Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1996 Mar
PMID:Purification and molecular cloning of carp ovarian cystatin. 882 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>