Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06126 (CD1a)
 2,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The skin is a unique organ that contains two different subsets of dendritic cells, i.e., Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells. Our hypothesis is that cutaneous fibroblasts may affect the development of these dendritic cells. We cocultured cord blood CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells with several human cutaneous fibroblast cell lines without any exogenous cytokines for 3 wk. In this culture, hematopoietic progenitor cells increased in number from 20.1 +/- 2.4 times, and produced aggregates of cells with dendritic processes. They were composed of 54.9 +/- 3.2% HLA-DR+ CD14+ CD1a-- cells and 13.8 +/- 3.6% HLA-DR+ CD1a+ cells, which also expressed CD11b and CD11c. There were significant numbers of factor XIIIa+ cells in the culture, whereas no Lag+ or E-cadherin+ cells were detected, and they were potent stimulators in allogeneic T cell activation. There was a significant difference in the ability to induce CD1a+ cells among different human cutaneous fibroblast cell lines. These CD1a+ cells lacked the expression of CD80, CD86, or CD83. In addition, half of them still expressed CD14. When these dendritic cells were cultured with tumor necrosis factor-alpha, however, they became mature dendritic cells with augmented expression of CD86 and CD83 and with increased allogeneic T cell stimulation. The subsequent experiment using a dividing chamber, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and the blocking studies with antibodies for these cytokines suggested that both the presence of direct contact between hematopoietic progenitor cells and human cutaneous fibroblast cell lines and macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced by human cutaneous fibroblast cell lines are required for their maximum growth and differentiation into CD1a+ dendritic cells, whereas macrophage colony-stimulating factor was solely responsible for their differentiation. These data suggest that cutaneous fibroblasts support the differentiation of dermal dendritic cells in addition to that of monocytes from hematopoietic progenitor cells by their direct contact with hematopoietic progenitor cells and by their macrophage colony-stimulating factor production.
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PMID:Cord blood CD34+ cells differentiate into dermal dendritic cells in co-culture with cutaneous fibroblasts or stromal cells. 1187 84

Dendritic cells (DCs) consist of a heterogeneous population of hematopoietic cells characterized by their unique dendritic morphology, their efficient antigen-presenting capability to activate naive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and their lack of lineage specific markers. Functional properties comparing umbilical cord blood monocyte-derived and umbilical cord blood stem cell-derived DCs have not yet been investigated. CD14(+) monocytes and CD34(+) stem cells were isolated from human umbilical cord blood and were induced to differentiate into dendritic cells using 100 ng/mL granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 25 ng/mL IL-4, 2.5 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), 100 ng/mL GM-CSF, 25 ng/mL stem cell factor, and 2.5 ng/mL TNF-alpha, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the 14-day-old dendritic cells were CD80(+), CD86(+), CD83(+), CD54(+), CD1a(+), CD11b(+), CD11c(+), HLA-DR(+), CD34(-), CD3(-), CD19(-), CD14(-), and CD16(-). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect expression of mRNA for CD80 and CD86. Differentiating monocytes initially expressed CD86 while CD80 appeared on day 2. Differentiating stem cells expressed CD80 and CD86 on day 2 of culture. The surface expression of CD80 and CD86 was studied over the course of differentiation. Mixed lymphocyte reaction was employed to evaluate the two types of lineage-derived DCs. Prior to the functional assay, CD14(+) and CD34(+) derived DCs were stimulated for 18 h with 0.1 mg/mL and 1.0 mg/mL E. coli lipopolyssacharide, respectively. Monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to CD80 and CD86 were employed to assess their costimulatory roles. A decrease of stimulation as depicted by decreased T cell activation was significant with mabs to both CD80 and CD86 on monocyte-derived DCs while only mabs to CD86 induced decreased T cell activation by stem cell-derived DCs. The varied functional role of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules is associated with DC differentiation from distinct cord blood isolated hematopoietic lineages. These studies demonstrate that DC association with distinct hematopoietic lineages is of relevance in transplantation and vaccine therapies.
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PMID:Costimulatory function of umbilical cord blood CD14+ and CD34+ derived dendritic cells. 1283 22

Dendritic cells (DCs) are a heterogeneous population of cells of fundamental importance in initiating innate as well as specific immune responses. The identity and function of DCs in the cat are unknown, although they are likely pivotal in the response to infection. In this study, feline DCs were derived by 3-10-day culture of adherent blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) in the presence of IL 4 and GM-CSF. BMMC consistently yielded a greater number of DCs than PBMC, and there were fewer macrophages than DC from both compartments. DCs expressed a distinct constellation of surface molecules, which included CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c, CD11b, CD14, and 2-3-fold higher levels of MHC class I and II molecules than co-cultured macrophages or fresh blood monocytes. DCs displayed typical cytoplasmic processes, limited non-specific esterase activity, and acquired antigen by phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and binding to specific receptors. Cytokine-exposed cells induced proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes. Thus, the cells derived by these culture conditions had markers and functions analogous to immature myeloid DCs. Availability of feline DCs will enable investigation of their role in infectious disease and their potential therapeutic application.
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PMID:Immunophenotype and functional properties of feline dendritic cells derived from blood and bone marrow. 1452 31

Dendritic cells (DCs) are present in essentially every mammalian tissue, where they operate at the interface of innate and acquired immunity by recognizing pathogens and presenting pathogen-derived peptides to T lymphocytes. According to the research group of Shortman, experimental results suggest a "dual" DC differentiation model, demonstrating the existence of both myeloid-derived (with characteristic IF: CD11b+, CD11c+, CD8alpha- and DEC205+) and lymphoid-derived DCs (showing CD11b- CD11c-, CD8alpha+ and DEC205+ IF). DCs, including interdigitating cells (IDCs) and Langerhans cells (LCs), are characterized by dendritic morphology, high migratory mobility and are the most effective, "professional" cells for antigen presentation in primary immune responses. Most of the DCs express immunocytochemically detectable antigens like: S-100, CD1a, CD40 receptor, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 or CD54, LFA-1 and LFA-3), integrins (CD11a, CD11c and CD18), CD45, CD54, co-stimulatory molecules (B7-1 or CD80, B7-2 or CD86), F418, MHC class I and II and DEC-205, multilectin receptor, immunostimulatory cytokine (IL-12) and, of course, Fc and complement receptors. Following recognition and uptake of antigens, mature dendritic cells (DCs) migrate to the T lymphocyte rich area of draining lymph nodes, display an array of antigen-derived peptides on the surface of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and acquire the cellular specialization to select and activate naive antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Immunotherapeutic ideas are based on the ability of the mammalian immune system to recognize neoplastically transformed cells. Immunotherapy of human neoplasms has always represented a very attractive fourth-modality therapeutic approach, especially in light of the many shortcomings of conventional surgical, radiation and chemotherapies in the management of neoplastically transformed cells. The cancer vaccine approach to therapy is based on the notion that the immune system could possibly mount a rejection strength response against the neoplastic cell conglomerate. The efficiency of DCs for T lymphocyte stimulation moved a number of research groups to develop DC- based immunotherapy approaches. The failure of cancer vaccines may be attributed to the relationship between host and neoplasm: through a natural selection process, the host facilitates the selective enrichment of clones with highly aggressive neoplastically transformed cells, being in various stages of differentiation and only during certain stages express neoplastic cell specific molecules.
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PMID:Antigen presentation by dendritic cells and their significance in antineoplastic immunotherapy. 1501 56

Interferon beta (IFN beta) has complex immune regulatory properties that contribute to its treatment effect on multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we investigated the role of IFN beta in differentiation and functional properties of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells that are critical to the inflammatory process in MS. The results revealed that IFN beta inhibited intracellular production of interleukin (IL)-1b (P<0.01) in both monocytes exposed to in vitro treatment of IFN beta and monocytes analysed ex vivo from MS patients treated with IFN beta. IFN beta was shown to modulate differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF, which resulted in a delayed differentiation process. Furthermore, it characteristically altered the phenotypic features of differentiated dendritic cells by inhibiting the expression of CD1a, CD11b, CD11c, CD123 and CD209 while upregulating costimulatory molecules, such as CD86. The selective regulatory properties of IFN beta appeared to render the function of differentiated dendritic cells to produce an increased amount (P<0.01) while their ability to secrete proinflammatory IL-12 and TGF beta was significantly reduced. The observed collective effects of IFN beta seemed to correlate with Th2 immune deviation. The study has provided new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of IFN beta in the treatment of MS.
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PMID:Regulation of differentiation and functional properties of monocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells by interferon beta in multiple sclerosis. 1547 64

Current immunological opinion holds that myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) precursors migrate from the blood to the tissues, where they differentiate into immature dermal- and Langerhans-type dendritic cells (DC). Tissue DC require appropriate signals from pathogens or inflammatory cytokines to mature and migrate to secondary lymphoid tissue. We show that purified blood mDC cultured in vitro with GM-CSF and IL-4, but in the absence of added exogenous maturation stimuli, rapidly differentiate into two maturational and phenotypically distinct populations. The major population resembles immature dermal DC, being positive for CD11b, CD1a, and DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin. They express moderate levels of MHC class II and low levels of costimulatory molecules. The second population is CD11b(-/low) and lacks CD1a and DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin but expresses high levels of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules. Expression of CCR7 on the CD11b(-/low) population and absence on the CD11b(+) cells further supports the view that these cells are mature and immature, respectively. Differentiation into mature and immature populations was not blocked by polymyxin B, an inhibitor of LPS. Neither population labeled for Langerin, E-cadherin, or CCR6 molecules expressed by Langerhans cells. Stimulation of 48-h cultured DC with LPS, CD40L, or poly(I:C) caused little increase in MHC or costimulatory molecule expression in the CD11b(-/low) DC but caused up-regulated expression in the CD11b(+) cells. In HIV-infected individuals, there was a marked decrease in the viability of cultured blood mDC, a failure to differentiate into the two populations described for normal donors, and an impaired ability to stimulate T cell proliferation.
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PMID:Human BDCA-1-positive blood dendritic cells differentiate into phenotypically distinct immature and mature populations in the absence of exogenous maturational stimuli: differentiation failure in HIV infection. 1594 29

To gain insight into the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection and immunity, methods were developed to culture feline myeloid DCs from CD14(+) monocytes with a combination of human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hrGM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (hrIL-4). These cells were compared with feline macrophages cultured in the presence of hrGM-CSF. As with DCs in other species, feline DCs showed uniformly high MHC class II expression, moderate B7.1 expression, potent induction of the allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR), and moderate uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-DX) in the endocytic assay. In comparison with feline macrophages, DCs showed higher expression of MHC class II, similar expression of B7.1, CD14, CXCR4 and CD1a, and lower expression of CD11b. When placed on alcian blue-coated glass slides, DCs differed from macrophages in showing a greater tendency to spread out; they also had characteristic fine cytoplasmic processes instead of the broader pseudopodia of macrophages. Basal IL-12 mRNA expression and FITC-DX uptake were greater in DCs than in macrophages. Unlike feline DCs, feline macrophages exhibited a dose-dependent suppressive effect in the MLR. Feline DCs propagated in vitro should prove useful in the development of DC-mediated vaccination and therapy for infectious and neoplastic feline diseases. Additionally, macrophages cultured with GM-CSF provide a potential means of studying the mechanism of immunosuppression in cats.
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PMID:Culture and comparison of feline myeloid dendritic cells vs macrophages. 1603 26

A feline monocytic cell line was established from a venous blood sample obtained from a healthy male donor cat. The cloned cells, temporarily named FLMo/K02, were successively passaged in vitro with cell growth medium consisting of RPMI-1640 supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum. Non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase, as marker enzymes, were clearly demonstrated by cytochemical examinations. The cells treated with allogeneic serum for two hours in advance showed enhanced reactivity to monoclonal antibodies, feline CD1a, canine CD11b, feline CD11c, canine CD11d, and feline MHC-II.
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PMID:An established feline monocytic cell line. 1705 91

A novel canine lymphoma cell line, OSW, was established from the malignant pleural effusion of a dog with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. The immunoprofile as determined by flow cytometry was as follows: positive for CD45, CD49d, CD18, CD11a; weakly positive for CD11b, CD11c, CD11d; and negative for CD45RA, CD1a, CD1c, CD3, TCRalphabeta, TCRgammadelta, CD4, CD5, CD8a, CD8b, CD90(Thy1), CD21, MHCII, CD14(TUK4), CD34, and MPO. Immunocytochemistry of cytospin preparations was negative for cytoplasmic CD3, CD79a, and MPO, but was positive for CD20. The cell line had an oligoclonal T-cell receptor gamma (TCRgamma) gene rearrangement. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and single locus probe (SLP) analysis showed that there were copy number increases of loci on dog chromosome 13 (CFA 13), and copy number decreases were evident for regions of CFA 11, 22, 26, 30 and 32, which include several of the more common chromosomal aberrations reported previously in canine lymphoma. The OSW cell line grows rapidly in vitro and is tumorigenic as a xenograft in SCID/NOD mice. OSW represents one of only a few reported canine lymphoma cell lines and is the most thoroughly characterized. This cell line and xenograft represent significant in vitro and in vivo models, respectively, for comparative and translational lymphoma research.
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PMID:A novel canine lymphoma cell line: a translational and comparative model for lymphoma research. 1753 64

A panel of 380 commercially available monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against human CD molecules from various sources was tested during the 8th Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigen Workshop (HLDA8) for cross-reactivity on canine peripheral blood leukocytes by flow cytometry. In addition, all mAbs were used to label a 50:50 mixture of platelets and erythrocytes of the same dogs. This testing resulted in 51 cross-reacting mAbs. mAbs with specificity for CD9, CD29, CD42a, CD61, and CD41/CD61 showed cross-reactivity with canine platelets in a non-polymorphic and one mAb with the erythrocyte antigen CD235a in a polymorphic reaction pattern. Canine leukocyte-reactive mAbs included those with specificity for CD11a, CD11b, CD14, CD18, CD21, CD22, CD47, CD49d, CD49e, CD56, CD62L, CD91, CD94, and CD172a. In addition, several mAbs resulted in a staining pattern of canine cells which suggest that the canine epitope equivalents have an alternate expression pattern from that expected for humans (CD1a, CD35, CD44, CD45, CD75s, CD81). In summary, this study confirmed the reactivity of previously described cross-reactive mAbs with canine cells and resulted in the characterization of mAbs recognizing so far undetectable canine CD molecules.
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PMID:Reactivity of cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies with canine leukocytes, platelets and erythrocytes. 1764 96


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