Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06126 (CD1a)
 2,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Skin lesions of dermatophytosis are thought to be a result of a T cell-dependent inflammatory response that is mediated by various cytokines. We examined whether IFN-gamma-positive cells (as expression of Th1 response) were present in the skin lesions of dermatophytosis in situ by immunohistochemical techniques. Mixtures of CD4-positive T cells and CD8-positive T cells were found to be present in the dermal infiltrates of the lesions. Considerable numbers of CD1a-positive cells were detected in the upper dermis and epidermis. A marked accumulation of CD68-positive cells was found in the upper dermis. IFN-gamma-positive cells were present in the upper dermis of the lesions. The pattern of IFN-gamma staining appeared to be intracellular in mononuclear lymphoid cells. The staining was considered to be highly specific because it could be completely blocked by preabsorption with recombinant IFN-gamma. Our data support the hypothesis that the skin lesions of dermatophytosis may be associated with a Th1 response. Th1 response, which is characterized by IFN-gamma release, is thought to be involved in the host defense against dermatophytes and to reflect cutaneous reaction in dermatophytosis.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of interferon-gamma-producing cells in dermatophytosis. 1127 3

To better define the clinical and pathologic features of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS), we report 4 cases, including the first reported in the tonsil. There were 2 male and 2 female patients (mean age, 70 years). Sites of tumor included 1 case each in the right cervical lymph node, left axillary lymph node, right tonsil, and right inguinal lymph node. Histologically, all showed diffuse effacement of the lymphoid tissue by pleomorphic round to spindled cells with convoluted nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. All were immunoreactive for S-100, CD68, lysozyme, and vimentin. CD45 was positive in 3 cases and CD1a in 1 case. Fascin was positive in 3 cases. Other immunostains, including CD3, CD20, CD21, CD30, actin, cytokeratin, and HMB-45, were negative. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were elongated and showed indented nuclei, variable numbers of lysosomes, and interdigitating cytoplasmic processes. Follow-up was available for all cases. One patient died of widespread disease 2 months after diagnosis. One was alive with metastatic lung disease at 12 months. Two patients were disease free at 5 and 9 months.
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PMID:Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma. A report of four cases and review of the literature. 1129 8

The dermis harbors a true dendritic cell population that could elicit primary allogeneic T cell responses in vitro and contact hypersensitivity reactions in vivo. The origin of dermal dendritic cells remains poorly understood, however. In this study, we analyzed the fate of monocytes or monocyte-derived dendritic cells in a dermal equivalent. Freshly isolated monocytes or monocytes cultured for 6 d with either GM-CSF/IL-4 or GM-CSF/IL-4/TGF-beta 1 (TGF-DC) were seeded in a collagen solution with normal human fibroblasts. The lattices were cultured for 7--14 d in the presence, or absence, of the exogenous cytokines, before phenotypic and functional studies were performed. Supply of exogenous cytokines allows the appearance of typical CD1a(+)/CD14(-)/CD68(low) dendritic cells with significant allostimulatory property, regardless of the cell type incorporated into the lattices. In cytokine-free conditions, monocytes and GM-CSF/IL-4-derived dendritic cells give rise to a CD1a(-)/CD14(+)/CD68(high) monocyte/macrophage population with no allostimulatory property. When incorporated into the lattices in the absence of exogenous cytokines the TGF-DC express few CD68 and FXIIIa. Interestingly, these cells do not all convert into the CD14(+)/CD1a(-) population. Indeed, a small HLA-DR(+)/CD1a(+)/CD14(-) subset was consistently found, which represents about one-third of the HLA-DR(+) cells. Moreover, TGF-DC recovered from the lattices after culture without cytokines do display a significant allostimulatory function. Thus, in the absence of exogenous cytokines, only Langerhans-cell-like dendritic cells can retain the typical dendritic cell features when inserted in a dermal environment. Taken together, these results may provide evidence supporting an epidermal origin of dermal dendritic cells.
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PMID:Phenotypic and functional outcome of human monocytes or monocyte-derived dendritic cells in a dermal equivalent. 1140 84

Erythema toxicum neonatorum is a benign rash of unknown etiology, present to various degrees in most term newborns and characterized by an accumulation of eosinophils in dermal lesions. The recruitment of leukocytes to tissues implicates the involvement of adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. We therefore performed immunohistochemistry on punch biopsy specimens from cutaneous lesions of ten 1-day-old infants with erythema toxicum using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against a variety of adhesion molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and cell type-specific membrane markers. Biopsy specimens of noninflamed skin from four matched newborns and four adults served as controls. The immunohistologic features of erythema toxicum in all 10 infants included a strong staining of the adhesion molecule E-selectin in the vessel wall and the presence of numerous inflammatory cells that were identified as dendritic cells (CD1a, CD83, HLA-DR, CD40, and ICAM-1 positive), eosinophils (EG2 positive), neutrophils (CD15 positive), macrophages (CD14, CD68, and Mac387 positive), and E-selectin-expressing cells. Furthermore, the lesions showed a high incidence of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1alpha and IL-1beta and of the chemokines IL-8 and eotaxin. This immunologic activity was reduced or absent in noninflamed skin from newborn controls and adults. We conclude that there is an accumulation and activation of immune cells in the lesions of erythema toxicum, also present in noninflamed skin of 1-day-old infants, but to a lower level. The physiologic significance of the rash remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Erythema toxicum neonatorum: an immunohistochemical analysis. 1143 96

There is no curative treatment for mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of single lesions to photodynamic therapy (PDT). The study included 10 plaque MF lesions and 2 tumour MF lesions from 10 patients. First, 20% 5-aminolevulinic acid was applied topically to the lesion and adjacent skin for 5-6 h. The lesion was then exposed to red light at around 630nm. Skin biopsies were taken before treatment, after clinical improvement and after clinical remission. The expression of CD3, CD4, CD7, CD8, CD1a, CD34, CD68, CD71, Ki-67, bcl-2 and p53 was studied immunohistochemically. There was complete clinical clearance in seven of nine plaque lesions. Neither tumour lesion responded to PDT. The biopsies confirmed a regression of the infiltrate after treatment. In the sparse remaining infiltrate a few CD4+ and CD8+ cells were found, most of which showed normal bcl-2. There were also fewer proliferating cells, illustrated by a decrease in Ki-67 and CD71. In conclusion, PDT has good clinical and histological effects in treating local plaque MF lesions.
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PMID:Photodynamic therapy with topical 5-aminolevulinic acid for mycosis fungoides: clinical and histological response. 1155 74

True histiocytic lymphoma, as defined by strict criteria, is a very rare neoplasm. We describe three cases occurring as primary tumors in the central nervous system. The patients, two females and one male, ranged in age from 11 to 69 years. The tumors involved the brain in two cases and spinal cord in one, with a size ranging from 7 to 17 mm. Two patients died at 4 months and 8 months, respectively, and one was alive with disease at 5 months. Pathologically, the tumors comprised groups and sheets of noncohesive large cells with pleomorphic vesicular nuclei, distinct nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. A dense inflammatory infiltrate consisting of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes was present, with multiple foci of necrosis and abscess formation. All three cases demonstrated an identical immunophenotype: positive for CD68 and lysozyme; focally positive for S-100 protein, CD45RB, and CD4; and negative for CD3, CD20, CD21/CD35, CD1a, CD30, ALK1, myeloperoxidase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and cytokeratin. The proliferative index ranged from 20% to 35%. Ultrastructural examination further confirmed the histiocytic nature of the tumor cells, characterized by irregularly folded or multisegmented nuclei and abundant cytoplasm containing lysosomes; Birbeck granules, interdigitating cell processes, and cell junctions were not found. Although the presence of abundant inflammatory cells could obscure the neoplastic histiocytes, making the distinction from inflammatory conditions difficult, awareness of this unusual histologic feature and the invariable finding of pleomorphic cells in some areas of the lesion permit the correct diagnosis to be made.
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PMID:Primary histiocytic lymphoma of the central nervous system: a neoplasm frequently overshadowed by a prominent inflammatory component. 1168 53

We tried to efficiently generate human dendritic cells (DCs) from CD34+ peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells mobilized by high-dose chemotherapy and subsequent administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, using a liquid suspension culture system. Among various combinations, the combination of c-kit ligand, flt-3 ligand, c-mpl ligand (TPO), and interleukin (IL)-4 most potently generated the number of CD1a+CD14- DCs in cultures containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The delayed addition of IL-4 on day 6 of culture gave rise to an additional increase in the yield of CD1a+CD14-DCs that were characterized by the expression of HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and CD83. The majority of the sorted CD1a-CD14+ cells derived from 6-day culture of CD34+ cells gave rise to CD1a+CD14- DCs and CD1a-CD14+ macrophages on day 12 of culture in the presence and absence of IL-4, respectively. These findings suggest that IL-4 promotes the differentiation of CD1a- CD14+ cells derived from mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitors to CD1a+ CD14- DCs. The majority of these DCs expressed CD68 but not the Langerhans-associated granule antigen, a finding that suggests they emerge through the monocyte differentiation pathway. The addition of TPO and IL-4 to cultures did not affect the potential of DCs to stimulate the primary allogeneic T-cell response. These findings demonstrated that the combination of c-kit ligand plus flt-3 ligand plus TPO with GM-CSF plus TNF-alpha, followed by IL-4, is useful for ex vivo generation of human DCs from mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood progenitors.
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PMID:Efficient ex vivo generation of human dendritic cells from mobilized CD34+ peripheral blood progenitors. 1172 65

In Thailand, the predominant HIV subtype is E, rather than Subtype B as in North America and Europe, and the predominant mode of transmission is heterosexual contact. Subtype E has the ability to replicate in vitro in Langerhans cells. We hypothesized that this cell type might constitute a reservoir for the HIV virus in vaginal mucosa of asymptomatic carriers. To examine this hypothesis, we compared vaginal tissue histology in HIV-1-seropositive cases with seronegative cases and determined the immunophenotype of HIV-1-infected cells, their numbers, and their distribution in vaginal mucosa. Vaginal biopsies were performed at four different sites from six asymptomatic HIV-1 Subtype E-infected persons and from six seronegative cases at necropsy and examined histologically. Immunophenotyping was performed using immunoperoxidase for Gag p24 HIV, CD3, CD20, CD68, CD1a, S-100 and p55 antigens and by double labeling, combining immunoperoxidase with alkaline phosphatase using pairs of the above antigens. Twenty of twenty-four vaginal biopsies (83.3%) from HIV-seropositive cases showed definite inflammation compared to five of twenty-four vaginal necropsies (20.8%) from HIV-seronegative cases. One third of HIV-seropositive biopsies (8/24) demonstrated p24-positive cells in the epithelium, whereas three-fourths (18/24) of the biopsies revealed p24-positive cells in the lamina propria. All seropositive patients showed positive cells in at least one biopsy, but not all biopsies contained positive cells. Infected cells were more frequently observed at sites of greater inflammation. The dendritic cell count in HIV-seropositive vaginal epithelium was significantly higher than that observed in the seronegative cases (P =.004). The majority of p24-positive cells in the vaginal epithelium were Langerhans cells (CD1a+/S-100+), whereas in the lamina propria, about half of p24-positive cells were Langerhans-related dendritic cells (p55+ and S-100+) and half were T lymphocytes. In conclusion, the increased propensity for heterosexual transmission of Subtype E may be related to vaginal inflammation, leading to the accumulation of Langerhans cells and related dendritic cells which, once infected with HIV, can act as a reservoir for further virus transmission.
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PMID:In vivo identification of Langerhans and related dendritic cells infected with HIV-1 subtype E in vaginal mucosa of asymptomatic patients. 1174 49

Chemokines are mediators of innate and acquired immunity. CCL18, also designated pulmonary and activation-regulated chemokine (PARC), dendritic cell-derived CC chemokine-1 (DC-CK1), alternative macrophage activation-associated CC chemokine-1 (AMAC-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-4 (MIP-4), was for the first time isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and biochemically characterized. We found that CCL18/PARC protein is spontaneously secreted by PBMC and is selectively induced in PBMC by staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEA, SEB) and IL-4, but not by IFN-gamma and the CXCL8/IL-8 inducers lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Concanavalin A. Human fibroblasts, chondrocytes and endothelial cells did not produce CCL18/PARC in response to inflammatory mediators such as measles virus, double-stranded RNA, LPS or IL-1beta, whereas up to 150 ng/ml of CCL2/MCP-1 was induced under these conditions. In synovial fluids from septic and rheumatoid arthritis patients, fourfold-enhanced CCL18/PARC levels (150 ng/ml) were detected compared to those in crystal-induced arthritis and osteoarthritis. In septic arthritis, the synovial levels of CCL18/PARC were fivefold higher than those of CXCL8/IL-8. Immunochemistry revealed CD68(+) monocytes/macrophages as the main CCL18/PARC-producing cell type in both PBMC and arthritic synovial tissue. In addition, CD1a(+) blood dendritic cells expressed CCL18/PARC. These findings suggest that monocytic cells respond to Gram-positive bacterial infection by the production of CCL18/PARC in the synovial cavity.
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PMID:Selective induction of CCL18/PARC by staphylococcal enterotoxins in mononuclear cells and enhanced levels in septic and rheumatoid arthritis. 1174 96

To elucidate the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated inflammatory skin diseases, we examined the exact sites where CD8(+) T cells proliferate, correlating them with the localization of antigen-presenting dendritic cells. We performed CD8/Ki-67 double immunohistochemical staining and single staining for CD1a, CD68, and factor XIIIa on sections of paraffin-embedded tissue samples of inflammatory dermatoses in which T lymphocytes are thought to play a crucial role. The dermatoses were lichen planus (12 samples), acute graft-versus host disease (GVHD) (12 samples), chronic GVHD (10 samples), spongiotic dermatitis (8 samples) and psoriasis (7 samples). Labelling for Ki-67 among CD8(+) T cells was predominantly observed in the subepidermal lymphoid infiltrate, and was scanty in the epidermis. This suggested that proliferation of CD8(+) T cells occurred preferentially in the dermis. The labelling index for Ki-67 among dermal and epidermal CD8(+) cells was quite different among the different diseases studied (P < 0.05). They were rich in the subepidermal portion of the dermis of spongiotic dermatitis, acute GVHD and chronic GVHD, but rare in the dermis of psoriasis and lichen planus. A moderate infiltrate was also observed in lesional epidermis of spongiotic dermatitis, acute GVHD and chronic GVHD, whereas they was almost none in the epidermis of psoriasis and lichen planus. CD1a(+) dermal dendritic cells were densely distributed within the lymphoid infiltrate in the affected dermis of spongiotic dermatitis, psoriasis and lichen planus, whereas they were minimal in GVHD. These dermal dendritic cells are candidates as stimulators on T cells in the dermis. In conclusion, the proliferative status of T cells could be an important clue in the elucidation of the pathophysiology of T cell-mediated inflammatory dermatoses.
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PMID:Proliferative activity of CD8(+) T cells as an important clue to analyze T cell-mediated inflammatory dermatoses. 1175 86


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