Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P06126 (CD1a)
 2,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the in vitro and in vivo effects of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a known inhibitor of in vitro mast cell differentiation, in a patient with benign, adult-onset systemic mastocytosis. In vitro effects of GM-CSF on bone marrow cultures before the start of treatment showed a marked inhibition of mast cell marker expression [tryptase, Kit, and high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRIalpha)] at both protein and mRNA levels. Therefore, the patient was treated with daily injections of GM-CSF for 10 weeks. After an initial improvement, increasing worsening of clinical symptoms was noted, and the patient refused further treatment. Lesional skin biopsies showed an increase of toluidine blue-positive mast cells, compared with uninvolved skin, with further significant increase after treatment. Similar results were obtained on staining for mast cell-specific tryptase and Kit, as well as for CD1a and FcepsilonRIalpha. These findings show that GM-CSF inhibits human bone marrow mast cell differentiation in vitro, and also in mastocytosis. However, GM-CSF apparently enhances recruitment of mast cell as well as dendritic cell precursors into the tissue during systemic treatment. These findings and the observed adverse clinical effects in the present patient make it unlikely that GM-CSF monotherapy will be beneficial for the treatment of mastocytosis.
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PMID:Effect of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor in a patient with benign systemic mastocytosis. 1170 99

Monoamine storage in secretory granules is mediated by the vesicular monoamine transporters 1 and 2 (VMAT1 and VMAT2). The aim of our study was to identify monoamine-handling normal and neoplastic inflammatory cells in the skin by their expression of VMAT1 and VMAT2. Normal skin from various parts of the body, as well as 21 cases of cutaneous mastocytosis and 10 cases of cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, radioactive in situ hybridization, and double-fluorescence confocal microscopy. VMAT2-positive cells in the subepidermal layer were identified as mast cells by their expression of tryptase. Neoplastic mast cells in all cases of cutaneous mastocytosis retained their VMAT2 positivity. The intraepidermal VMAT2-expressing cells were identified as Langerhans cells by their CD1a positivity. VMAT2 was absent from Langerhans cell histiocytosis. VMAT2 is an excellent marker for normal and neoplastic mast cells. The expression of VMAT2 demonstrates the capacity of mast cells for monoamine storage and handling. The presence of VMAT2 in epidermal Langerhans cells revealed a previously unrecognized monoamine-handling phenotype of these cells and indicates possible involvement of amine storage and release associated with antigen presentation. Absence of VMAT2 in neoplastic Langerhans cells indicates a loss of monoamine handling capacity of these cells during tumorigenesis.
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PMID:The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is expressed by normal and tumor cutaneous mast cells and Langerhans cells of the skin but is absent from Langerhans cell histiocytosis. 1515 Feb 86

Immunohistochemical and histochemical stains are useful adjunct techniques in the diagnosis of canine cutaneous round cell tumors, which can appear histologically similar. We applied a panel of monoclonal antibodies (recognizing tryptase, chymase, serotonin for mast cells; CD1a, CD18, MHC class II for histiocytes; CD3 for T lymphocytes; CD79a for B lymphocytes and plasma cells) and one histochemical stain (naphthol AS-D chloroacetate for chymase activity) to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of canine cutaneous mast cell tumors, histiocytomas, lymphosarcomas, plasmacytomas, and unidentified round cell tumors. Of 21 tumors with a histologic diagnosis of mast cell tumor, 7/7 (100%) grade I, 6/7 (85.7%) grade II, and 3/7 (42.9%) grade III tumors were diagnosed as mast cell tumors based on positive staining for tryptase antigen and chymase activity. Mast cells were positive for both tryptase antigen and chymase activity, indicating equal efficacy of tryptase immunohistochemistry and chymase histochemistry. Chymase was detected immunohistochemically in both tumor and nontumor cells, while serotonin was not detected in most mast cell tumors, and thus, neither was useful in the diagnosis of mast cell tumors. Immunohistochemistry to detect CD18 and MHC class II was equally effective in staining histiocytomas, although lymphosarcoma must be ruled out through the use of CD3 and CD79a immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry using three different monoclonal antibodies to human CD1a showed no cross-reactivity in canine histiocytomas and was not useful. A final diagnosis was obtained for 4/5 (80%) of the unidentified tumors, indicating the usefulness of multiple stains in poorly differentiated round cell tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and histochemical stains for differentiating canine cutaneous round cell tumors. 1600 3

A number of antibodies that recognize human dendritic cells (DC) have been identified. The main aim of this study was to compare and contrast different antigen retrieval techniques using both enzymatic and non-enzymatic treatments in order to determine the expression and distribution of several DC markers on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Normal human lung, oral epithelial hyperplasia lesions, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma tissues were evaluated using a panel of DC specific antibodies. The results of immunohistochemical staining for CD83, CD1a, CD11c, and S-100 DC markers were compared following the different antigen retrieval approaches. The overall best results for the analysis of tumor-associated DC were obtained with the enzymatic methods. Protease XXIV digestion was determined to be essential for detection of S-100 and CD11c positive DC, whereas trypsin and pepsin were required for the recognition of CD1a and CD83 expressing tumor-associated DC. These results could be easily adapted for routine practice and should be useful for characterization of the DC system in cancer patients for both diagnostic and prognostic purposes. In addition, standardized procedures for evaluating different subpopulations of tumor-associated DC should bring new insights in understanding of DC-tumor cell interaction.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of CD1a, S-100, CD83, and CD11c human dendritic cells in normal, premalignant, and malignant tissues. 1613 99

Since the symptoms of psoriasis may be changed by treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), the expression of serotonin (5-HT) and its transporter protein (SERT) in the skin of patients with psoriasis were examined employing a biotinylated-streptavidine procedure. In biopsies of such skin staining for 5-HT was limited to platelets; the expression of SERT in the keratinocytes of involved regions was redistributed; the numbers of SERT-positive dendritic or round mononuclear cells in the epidermis of involved psoriatic skin were higher than in normal healthy control skin; and the dermis of the involved skin contained higher numbers of round inflammatory cells immunostained for SERT than either non-involved psoriatic skin or normal skin. Double-immunostaining indicated that the skin cells expressing SERT also expressed CD1a, CD3 or tryptase. In addition, SERT immunostaining was co localized with caspase-3, a key regulator of apoptosis, but not with TUNEL staining. The present findings indicate that SERT might play a role in regulating apoptosis in inflammatory cells associated with psoriasis, in which case this protein might constitute a valuable therapeutic target.
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PMID:The serotonin transporter protein is expressed in psoriasis, where it may play a role in regulating apoptosis. 1926 59

Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare skin tumor that generally pursues an indolent course despite its alarming histological appearances. It is important for the pathologist to distinguish this neoplasm from more aggressive lesions that may show very similar histological features. Recently, it has been suggested that demonstration of CD117 is of value in identifying AFX. To test this hypothesis, 50 cases of AFX were stained immunohistochemically for CD117 to determine the diagnostic value of this antibody. Cases were also stained for tryptase to identify mast cells, which are CD117 positive. In addition, S100 and CD1a stains were performed to assess any possible contribution of melanocytes or Langerhans cells to CD117 staining. Only 1 of 50 AFXs (2%) showed CD117 positivity in the neoplastic cells, but all tumors demonstrated included CD117- and tryptase-positive mast cells in similar distribution. CD117 is only rarely stainable in the neoplastic cells of AFX and is therefore not useful in identifying these tumors. Mast cells are also CD117 positive, frequently present in AFX, and can lead to misinterpretation. Using immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase may be of value where there is doubt as to the nature of CD117-positive cells in neoplasms.
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PMID:CD117 is not a useful marker for diagnosing atypical fibroxanthoma. 2052 72

A 12-year-old male presented with an 8-year history of five firm cream colored papules on the right vertex of the scalp. A biopsy showed a dense infiltrate of monomorphous mast cells involving the dermis and extending into the subcutis. A relatively well-circumscribed cluster of larger cells showed pleomorphic nuclei with bilobed and multilobed morphology. Both mast cell populations had an eosinophilic cytoplasm filled with granules ranging in size from small to giant forms. By immunohistochemistry, the cells expressed CD117, tryptase and CD68, and were negative for AE1/AE3, CD1a, CD2 and CD25. S-100 staining revealed only faint cytoplasmic positivity and myeloperoxidase had an inhomogeneous patchy pattern, with an overall staining of less than 5% of the cells. A diagnosis of cutaneous mastocytosis was made and after 6 months follow-up, no progression observed. Clinical correlation and awareness of these unusual morphologic features as being part of the spectrum of cutaneous mastocytosis are important to avoid an erroneous diagnosis of malignancy. Although pleomorphic, multilobed nuclear morphology and giant cytoplasmic granules have not been associated with an aggressive behavior or systemic mastocytosis, close clinical observation is warranted in this context.
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PMID:Cutaneous mastocytosis with atypical mast cells and giant cytoplasmic granules. 2272 60

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY This study deals with the possibilities and application of immunohistochemical methods to detect mast and dendritic cells in periprosthetic tissues in patients with aseptically loosened total joint replacements of the knee and hip. The purpose of the study was to quantify and characterize the distribution of mast and dendritic cells in the examined samples and to study the statistically significant relations between the aforementioned cell populations and selected parameters characterizing the patients, implants or tissue response. Based on the proved findings, a possible relation between mast and dendritic cells and histomorphological patterns of aseptic loosening and the benefit of the applied immunohistochemical methods was evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Periprosthetic tissues from a total of 31 patients (17 patients after a revision surgery of hip prosthesis, 14 patients after a revision surgery of knee prosthesis) were examined. The collected samples were processed according to the standard protocol for the purposes of histological and immunochemical examination. Antibodies against tryptase and CD117 were used for immunohistochemical detection of mast cells. Dendritic cells were detected by means of S100 and CD1a antibodies. Quantification of both the cell populations was carried out by optical microscopy in 20 high power fields at 400-times magnification. From among the applied methods we picked the more sensitive one for statistical evaluation. It was tryptase in the case of mast cells and S100 in the case of dendritic cells. RESULTS Mast and dendritic cells were mostly distributed dispersively in periprosthetic tissues; however, they also occurred in groups perivasally or near necrotic parts. The examined samples showed the presence of 60 mast cells and 50 dendritic cells on average. The increased density of mast and dendritic cells was associated with polypously formed pseudosynovium and cement fixation of prostheses; this relation was statistically significant. It was impossible to prove the correlation between the quantity of the observed cell populations and the nature and the number of the observed particles because wear particles were present dispersely in all the samples. Another statistically significant relation to the type of material or implant fixation or other examined histomorphological patterns was not proved. A strong density of mast cells with a minimum presence of dendritic cells was observed in the control patient group. DISCUSSION The differences in density of S100 positive dendritic cells between the control and examined group of patients can be caused by the activation of dendritic cells by exogenous or endogenous pathways of immune processes going on after the implantation of endoprosthesis. The statistically significant interrelation of mast cells, polypously formed pseudosynovium and cement wear particles can be explained at least in part as a tissue reaction induced by cement particles. CONCLUSIONS We proved the presence of two immunologically significant cell populations in periprosthetic tissues. The said findings indicate a conclusion of significant functional participation of mast and dendritic cells in pathogenesis of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic osteolysis. Nevertheless, this will have to be proved in another way and with the use of another method. Key words:dendritic cells, mast cells, aseptic loosening, total joint replacement, immune reaction, adverse reaction.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical Detection of Mast and Dendritic Cells in Periprosthetic Tissues of Aseptically Loosened Total Prostheses]. 3038 32

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients have been reported to have an increased risk of chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) and hematological and solid cancers. Oral manifestations are the first signs of cGVHD observed in the majority of patients, and oropharyngeal cancer is the most frequent secondary malignancy occurred after HSCT. In this study, we have evaluated the inflammatory infiltrate cell content and correlated with the vascular density in patients affected by primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from previous healthy controls and OSCC after cGVHD. Results have demonstrated that patients with OSCC after GVHD show a more consistent inflammatory infiltrate as compared with the OSCC ones. In detail, the inflammatory background composed of CD3-positive T cells, tryptase-positive mast cells, CD31-positive endothelial cells, and CD68-positive macrophages may be more pronounced in the setting of GVHD + OSCC than in the control group. By contrast, CD20-positive B cells and CD1a-positive dendritic cells were more abundant in the latter population. Finally, a positive correlation was found as between vascular density and inflammatory cell infiltration in both GVHD + OSCC and OSCC groups. Overall, these results confirm the role played by immune cells in enhancing tumor progression and angiogenesis and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy involving inhibition of recruitment of immune cells to the tumor microenvironment and blockade of pro-tumoral effects and pro-angiogenic functions.
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PMID:Vascular density and inflammatory infiltrate in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 3051 12

A 21-year-old female presented with a 5-year history of an erythematous papule on her right breast. The biopsy showed a dense, dermal nodular infiltrate, extending focally into the subcutaneous tissue. The infiltrate was composed predominantly of pleomorphic cells with bi-lobed, multi-lobed, horseshoe, or ring-shaped nuclei. There was a smaller subset of monomorphous cells characterized by a round, reniform, or elongated single-lobed nucleus. Accompanying cells included few foamy histiocytes, lymphocytes, and numerous scattered eosinophils. No necrosis, vascular invasion, or ulceration was present. The pleomorphic and monomorphic granular cells were positive for Giemsa stain as well as for tryptase, CD117, CD68, CD2, and CD30 immunohistochemistry and negative for S100, CD1a, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and CD56. Clinical examination was negative for any additional similar lesions and serum tryptase was within normal limits. The bone marrow was not biopsied. In addition, fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed multiple clones with loss of number 5 chromosome and PDGFRA and HRAS mutations. The lesion did not recur or progress after a 6-year clinical follow-up. To our full knowledge, we report the first case of pleomorphic mastocytoma with loss of chromosome 5 and PDGFRA and HRAS mutations.
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PMID:Pleomorphic mastocytoma associated with loss of chromosome 5, PDGFRA, and HRAS mutations: A case of cutaneous mastocytosis with severe atypia and indolent behavior. 3289 8


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