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Query: UNIPROT:P06126 (CD1a)
 2,221 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome contains four loci that encode histone proteins. Two of these loci, HTA1-HTB1 and HTA2-HTB2, each encode histones H2A and H2B. The other two loci, HHT1-HHF1 and HHT2-HHF2, each encode histones H3 and H4. Because of their redundancy, deletion of any one histone locus does not cause lethality. Previous experiments demonstrated that mutations at one histone locus, HTA1-HTB1, do cause lethality when in conjunction with mutations in the SPT10 gene. SPT10 has been shown to be required for normal levels of transcription of several genes in S. cerevisiae. Motivated by this double-mutant lethality, we have now investigated the interactions of mutations in SPT10 and in a functionally related gene, SPT21, with mutations at each of the four histone loci. These experiments have demonstrated that both SPT10 and SPT21 are required for transcription at two particular histone loci, HTA2-HTB2 and HHF2-HHT2, but not at the other two histone loci. These results suggest that under some conditions, S. cerevisiae may control the level of histone proteins by differential expression of its histone genes.
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PMID:SPT10 and SPT21 are required for transcription of particular histone genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 803 1

Transcription of the four yeast histone gene pairs (HTA1-HTB1, HTA2-HTB2, HHT1-HHF1, and HHT2-HHF2) is repressed during G1, G2, and M. For all except HTA2-HTB2, this repression requires several trans-acting factors, including the products of the HIR genes, HIR1, HIR2, and HIR3. ASF1 is a highly conserved protein that has been implicated in transcriptional silencing and chromatin assembly. In this analysis, we show that HIR1 interacts with ASF1 in a two-hybrid analysis. Further, asf1 mutants, like hir mutants, are defective in repression of histone gene transcription during the cell cycle and in cells arrested in early S phase in response to hydroxyurea. asf1 and hir1 mutations also show very similar synergistic interactions with mutations in cac2, a subunit of the yeast chromatin assembly factor CAF-I. The results suggest that ASF1 and HIR1 function in the same pathway to create a repressive chromatin structure in the histone genes during the cell cycle.
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PMID:Yeast ASF1 protein is required for cell cycle regulation of histone gene transcription. 1140 24

Histones are essential for the compaction of DNA into chromatin and therefore participate in all chromosomal functions. Specific mutations in HTA1, one of the two Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes encoding histone H2A, have been previously shown to cause chromosome segregation defects, including an increase in ploidy associated with altered pericentromeric chromatin structure, suggesting a role for histone H2A in kinetochore function. To identify proteins that may interact with histone H2A in the control of ploidy and chromosome segregation, we performed a genetic screen for suppressors of the increase-in-ploidy phenotype associated with one of the H2A mutations. We identified five genes, HHT1, MKS1, HDA1, HDA2, and HDA3, four of which encode proteins directly connected to chromatin function: histone H3 and each of the three subunits of the Hda1 histone deacetylase complex. Our results show that Hda3 has functions distinct from Hda2 and Hda1 and that it is required for normal chromosome segregation and cell cycle progression. In addition, HDA3 shows genetic interactions with kinetochore components, emphasizing a role in centromere function, and all three Hda proteins show association with centromeric DNA. These findings suggest that the Hda1 deacetylase complex affects histone function at the centromere and that Hda3 has a distinctive participation in chromosome segregation. Moreover, these suppressors provide the basis for future studies regarding histone function in chromosome segregation.
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PMID:Suppressor analysis of a histone defect identifies a new function for the hda1 complex in chromosome segregation. 1641 67

Proper histone levels are critical for transcription, chromosome segregation, and other chromatin-mediated processes(1-7). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the histones H2A and H2B are encoded by two gene pairs, named HTA1-HTB1 and HTA2-HTB2 (ref. 8). Previous studies have demonstrated that when HTA2-HTB2 is deleted, HTA1-HTB1 dosage compensates at the transcriptional level(4,9). Here we show that a different mechanism of dosage compensation, at the level of gene copy number, can occur when HTA1-HTB1 is deleted. In this case, HTA2-HTB2 amplifies via creation of a new, small, circular chromosome. This duplication, which contains 39 kb of chromosome II, includes HTA2-HTB2, the histone H3-H4 locus HHT1-HHF1, a centromere and origins of replication. Formation of the new chromosome occurs by recombination between two Ty1 retrotransposon elements that flank this region. Following meiosis, recombination between these two particular Ty1 elements occurs at a greatly elevated level in hta1-htb1Delta mutants, suggesting that a decreased level of histones H2A and H2B specifically stimulates this amplification of histone genes. Our results demonstrate another mechanism by which histone gene dosage is controlled to maintain genomic integrity.
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PMID:Amplification of histone genes by circular chromosome formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 1706 37

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains two genes for each core histone, which are presented as pairs under the control of a divergent promoter, i.e., HHT1-HHF1, HHT2-HHF2, HTA1-HTB1 and HTA2-HTB2HHT1-HHF1, and HHT2-HHF2 encode histone H3 and H4 with identical amino acid sequences but under the control of differently regulated promoters. Previous mutagenesis studies were carried out by deleting one pair and mutating the other one. Here, we present the design and construction of three additional libraries covering HTA1-HTB1, HTA2-HTB2, and HHT1-HHF1 respectively. Together with the previously described library of HHT2-HHF2 mutants, a systematic and complete collection of mutants for each of the eight core S. cerevisiae histone genes becomes available. Each designed mutant was incorporated into the genome, generating three more corresponding libraries of yeast strains. We demonstrated that, although, under normal growth conditions, strains with single-copy integrated histone genes lacked phenotypes, in some growth conditions, growth deficiencies were observed. Specifically, we showed that addition of a second copy of the mutant histone gene could rescue the lethality in some previously known mutants that cannot survive with a single copy. This resource enables systematic studies of function of each nucleosome residue in plasmid, single-copy, and double-copy integrated formats.
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PMID:Construction of Comprehensive Dosage-Matching Core Histone Mutant Libraries for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2908 17