Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05412 (c-Jun)
 11,453 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinases (MKKs) are dual-specificity protein kinases that phosphorylate and activate MAPK. We have isolated a cDNA encoding a novel protein kinase that has significant homology to MKKs. The novel kinase MKK7 has a nucleotide sequence that encodes an open reading frame of 347 amino acids with 11 kinase subdomains. MKK7 is ubiquitously expressed in all adult and embryonic organs but displays high expression in epithelial tissues at later stages of fetal development. When transiently expressed in 293 cells, MKK7 specifically activated stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs)/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNKs) but not extracellular-regulated kinase or p38 kinase. A kinase-negative mutant of MKK7 inhibits interleukin-1beta, lipopolysaccharide, and MEKK1-induced SAPK/JNK activation. Thus, MKK7 is a new member of the MAPK kinase family that functions upstream of SAPK/JNK in the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway.
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PMID:Activation of stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (SAPKs/JNKs) by a novel mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase. 940 46

We have previously described the patterns of stress kinase activation in rat kidney and heart in response to ischemia/reperfusion (Yin et al., 1997, J. Biol. Chem. 272, 19943-19950). During the course of these studies, we observed the activation of a novel kinase capable of phosphorylating c-Jun on serines 63 and 73. The molecular weight of this kinase is approximately 37 kD, significantly below the molecular weight of all previously identified Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) isoforms. The pattern of activation of this 37 kD kinase in response to ischemia/reperfusion in both kidney and heart is distinct from that of known JNK isoforms. Western analysis of human renal proximal tubular epithelial (RPTE) cells, using a non-isoform specific phospho-JNK antibody, revealed the phosphorylation (activation) of a 37 kD protein in response to hypoxia. The 37 kD protein in RPTE cells is phosphorylated by other stress stimuli capable of activating JNK. Western analysis of tissues, using a non-isoform specific JNK antibody, identifies a cross-reactive 37 kD protein expressed in the liver, thymus and lymph node which is likely to correspond to the 37 kDa stress-activated kinase. The results of this study have led to the identification of a potentially novel kinase closely related to JNK but showing a distinct pattern of activation.
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PMID:Identification of a novel stress activated kinase in kidney and heart. 978

Activation of the JNK pathway and induction of the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun are critical for neuronal apoptosis caused by a variety of insults. Ara-C-induced DNA damage caused rapid sympathetic neuronal death that was associated with an increase of c-jun expression. In addition, c-Jun was phosphorylated in its N-terminal transactivation domain, which is important for c-Jun-mediated gene transcription. Blocking c-Jun activation by JNK pathway inhibition prevented neuronal death after stress. In contrast, neither the JNK inhibitor SP600125 nor the mixed lineage kinase inhibitor CEP-1347 prevented cytosine arabinoside-induced neuronal death, demonstrating that the JNK pathway was not necessary for DNA damage-induced neuronal apoptosis. Surprisingly, SP600125 or CEP-1347 could not block c-Jun induction or phosphorylation after DNA damage. Pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity completely prevented c-Jun phosphorylation after DNA damage. These results demonstrate that c-Jun activation during DNA damage-induced neuronal apoptosis was independent of the classical JNK pathway and was mediated by a novel c-Jun kinase. Based on pharmacological criteria, DNA damage-induced neuronal c-Jun kinase may be a member of the CDK family or be activated by a CDK-like kinase. Activation of this novel kinase and subsequent phosphorylation of c-Jun may be important in neuronal death after DNA damage.
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PMID:JNK-independent activation of c-Jun during neuronal apoptosis induced by multiple DNA-damaging agents. 1268 20

Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) play a critical role in a wide range of disease states including cell death (apoptosis)-related and inflammatory disorders (epilepsy, brain, heart and renal ischemia, neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel syndrome). The screening of a compound collection led to the identification of a 2-(benzoylaminomethyl)thiophene sulfonamide (AS004509, compound I) as a potent and selective JNK inhibitor. Chemistry and structure--activity relationship (SAR) studies performed around this novel kinase-inhibiting motif indicated that the left and central parts of the molecule were instrumental to maintaining potency at the enzyme. Accordingly, we investigated the JNK-inhibiting properties of a number of variants of the right-hand moiety of the molecule, which led to the identification of 2-(benzoylaminomethyl)thiophene sulfonamide benzotriazole (AS600292, compound 50a), the first potent and selective JNK inhibitor of this class which demonstrates a protective action against neuronal cell death induced by growth factor and serum deprivation.
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PMID:Design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel, potent, and selective (benzoylaminomethyl)thiophene sulfonamide inhibitors of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase. 1561 41

c-Jun is a component of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, and cell transformation, as well as cancer development. Herein, we found that cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-3, but not Cdk2 or c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, is a novel kinase of c-Jun induced by stimulation with growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF). Cdk3 was shown to phosphorylate c-Jun at Ser63 and Ser73 in vitro and ex vivo. EGF-induced Cdk3 activation caused c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser73, resulting in increased AP-1 transactivation. Ectopic expression of Cdk3 resulted in anchorage-independent cell transformation of JB6 Cl41 cells induced by EGF and foci formation stimulated by constitutively active Ras (Ras(G12V)), which was mediated by AP-1 in NIH3T3 cells. These results showed that the Cdk3/c-Jun signaling axis plays an important role in EGF-stimulated cell proliferation and cell transformation.
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PMID:Cyclin-dependent kinase-3-mediated c-Jun phosphorylation at Ser63 and Ser73 enhances cell transformation. 1911 12