Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05412 (c-Jun)
 11,453 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Secalonic acid D (SAD), a mycotoxin produced by Penicillium oxalicum in corn, induces cleft palate (CP) in the offspring of exposed dams. Results of recent studies suggest that protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition by SAD may be relevant to its CP-induction. Downstream effects of PKC are determined by the nature of transcription factors (TF) that form the activator protein-1 (AP-1) and the binding of AP-1 (and other TF) to the phorbol 12-O-tetradecanoate-13 acetate-response element (TRE) to form AP-1-TRE complex, neither of which have been studied in the palate. The aims of the present study were to identify the components of the murine palatal AP-1-TRE complex during development and to uncover the effects of SAD on this complex. Western blots and gel mobility shift assays of control palatal nuclear extracts revealed that, although all relevant TF are present in the palate throughout development, only cyclic-AMP response element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) and CRE-modulator protein-1 (CREM-1) and activating transcription factor-1 bound to TRE on Gestation Day (GD) 12. The pattern shifted to c-Jun and c-Fos (known AP-1 components) on GD 13 and 14. In SAD-treated offspring, however, CREM-1 alone; c-Jun, c-Fos, and CREB; and c-Jun and c-Fos bound to TRE on GD 12, 13, and 14, respectively. Binding of TF to TRE was inhibited by SAD on both GD 12 and 13. These results suggest that a dynamic shift in the binding of TF to TRE from PKA- to PKC-responsive TF occurs during palate development and that teratogens such as SAD can alter both the nature and extent of TF binding to TRE.
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PMID:Secalonic acid D alters the nature of and inhibits the binding of the transcription factors to the phorbol 12-O-tetradecanoate-13 acetate-response element in the developing murine secondary palate. 1109 66

FBXW7 is the substrate recognition component of a SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase. It has multiple targets such as Notch1, c-Jun, and cyclin E that function in critical developmental and signalling pathways. Mutations in FBXW7 are often found in many types of cancer. In most cases, these mutations do not inactivate the protein, but are mono-allelic missense changes at specific arginine resides involved in substrate binding. We have hypothesized that FBXW7 mutations are selected in cancers for reasons other than haploinsufficiency or full loss-of-function. Given that the existing mutant Fbxw7 mice carry null alleles, we created a mouse model carrying one of the commonly occurring point mutations (Fbxw7(R482Q)) in the WD40 substrate recognition domain of Fbxw7. Mice heterozygous for this mutation apparently developed normally in utero, died perinatally due to a defect in lung development, and in some cases showed cleft palate and eyelid fusion defects. By comparison, Fbxw7(+/-) mice were viable and developed normally. Fbxw7(-/-) animals died of vascular abnormalities at E10.5. We screened known FBXW7 targets for changes in the lungs of the Fbxw7(R482Q/+) mice and found Tgif1 and Klf5 to be up-regulated. Fbxw7(R482Q) alleles are not functionally equivalent to heterozygous or homozygous null alleles, and we propose that they are selected in tumourigenesis because they cause a selective or partial loss of FBXW7 function.
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PMID:FBXW7 mutations typically found in human cancers are distinct from null alleles and disrupt lung development. 2150 1

Cleft palate represents one of the major congenital birth defects in humans. Despite the essential roles of ectodermal canonical Wnt and mesenchymal Wnt signaling in the secondary palate development, the function of mesenchymal canonical Wnt activity in secondary palate development remains elusive. Here we show that Gpr177, a highly conserved transmembrane protein essential for Wnt trafficking, is required for secondary palate development. Gpr177 is expressed in both epithelium and mesenchyme of palatal shelves during mouse development. Wnt1(Cre)-mediated deletion of Gpr177 in craniofacial neural crest cells leads to a complete cleft secondary palate, which is formed mainly due to aberrant cell proliferation and increased cell death in palatal shelves. By BATGAL staining, we reveal an intense canonical Wnt activity in the anterior palate mesenchyme of E12.5 wild-type embryos but not in Gpr177(Wnt1-Cre) embryos, suggesting that mesenchymal canonical Wnt signaling activated by Gpr177-mediated mesenchymal Wnts is critical for secondary palate development. Moreover, phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun is impaired in the Gpr177(Wnt1-Cre) palate and is restored by implantation of Wnt5a-soaked beads in the in vitro palate explants, suggesting that Gpr177 probably regulates palate development via the Wnt5a-mediated noncanonical Wnt pathway in which c-Jun and JNK are involved. Importantly, certain cellular processes and the altered gene expression in palates lacking Gpr177 are distinct from that of the Wnt5a mutant, further demonstrating involvement of other mesenchymal Wnts in the process of palate development. Together, these results suggest that mesenchymal Gpr177 is required for secondary palate development by regulating and integrating mesenchymal canonical and noncanonical Wnt signals.
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PMID:Gpr177-mediated Wnt Signaling Is Required for Secondary Palate Development. 2592 32