Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a pilot study, seven patients with multiple sclerosis were treated with CAMPATH-IH which targets the CD52 antigen present on lymphocytes and monocytes. There was a substantial reduction in disease activity as measured by gadoliunium-enhancing lesions on MRI. Encouraged by this result a further seven patients have been treated with CAMPATH-IH; four also received anti-CD4 antibody. Lymphopaenia developed rapidly and was sustained for at least one year. In 12 patients, the first infusion of antibody was characterised by significant exacerbation or re-awakening of pre-existing symptoms lasting several hours. These clinical effects of antibody treatment correlated with increased levels of circulating cytokines. Peak levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) occurred at 2 h whereas the rise in interleukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly delayed and peaked at 4 h after starting antibody treatment. The neurological symptoms could not be attributed directly to pyrexia and were not provoked (in one patient) by an artificial rise in temperature. In the remaining two patients, a single pre-treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone (500 mg) prevented both the transient increase in neurological symptoms and the cytokine release. Our results suggest that soluble immune mediators contribute to symptom production in multiple sclerosis by directly or indirectly blocking conduction through partially demyelinated pathways.
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PMID:CAMPATH-IH in multiple sclerosis. 934 18

The coexistence of pheochromocytoma and primary adrenal Cushing's syndrome of the same adrenal gland has rarely been reported. We describe here the case of a female patient presenting with mild Cushing's stigmata, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in whom we diagnosed a pheochromocytoma of the left adrenal gland with coexisting non-ACTH-dependent cortisol hypersecretion. While hormonal work-up was still in progress, the patient became pregnant and wanted to carry her pregnancy to full-term. A laparoscopic adrenalectomy in the 17th week of gestation was decided upon and the patient accordingly prepared for surgery by pre-treatment with phenoxybenzamine. Successful surgery--the first ever reported laparoscopic resection of a pheochromocytoma in pregnancy--without perioperative complications was performed under general anesthesia, with the patient receiving peri- and post-operative hydrocortisone substitution. Pathohistological examination revealed a pheochromocytoma with positive immunostaining for interleukin-6 (IL-6) and negative immunostaining for ACTH, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and cytochrome P450, and with no signs of malignancy. A paracrine stimulation of the ipsilateral adrenal cortex by IL-6 produced by the pheochromocytoma, leading to cortical hyperplasia and subclinical Cushing's syndrome, is suggested by the positive immunostaining for IL-6 and the MRI findings. Post-operatively, secondary adrenal insufficiency ensued, necessitating continuing hydrocortisone replacement over 12 months. Hypertension resolved after surgery, and diabetes after the uncomplicated vaginal delivery at term.
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PMID:Pheochromocytoma and sub-clinical Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy: diagnosis, medical pre-treatment and cure by laparoscopic unilateral adrenalectomy. 1047 54

A rare case of sarcoid meningoencephalitis with no systemic lesion is reported here. A 58-year old man was admitted experiencing dull headache and speech disturbance. He had never received a diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis. On admission, neurological examination revealed dysarthria, a defect of the right-side visual field and accelerated right Achilles tendon reflex. A T2-weighted MRI showed a high-intensity signal in the white matter of the left parieto-occipital lobe surrounded by severe brain edema with a mass effect. The meninges around the lesion were enhanced by gadolinium, but no enhancement was observed in the basal portion. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were within normal range. The level of interleukin-6 in the CSF was slightly elevated. Chest X ray films and chest CT revealed no abnormal lesions. Whole body gallium scanning showed a hot region only in the intracranial lesion. A brain biopsy was performed. Histological examination revealed typical granuloma of sarcoidosis accompanied by microvasculitis and epithelioid cell granuloma without caseous necrosis. Oral administration of prednisolone improved all symptoms and MRI findings. These observations suggest that release of cytokines from macrophages and epithelioid cells, as well as disruption of the blood-brain barrier due to microvasculitis, are involved in the mechanism responsible for producing lesions of sarcoid meningoencephalitis.
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PMID:[A case of sarcoid meningoencephalitis with an isolated supratentorial lesion]. 1125 86

An 11-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with complaint of disturbance of consciousness and muscle weakness. We diagnosed her as having meningoencephalitis because of the pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and diffuse slow EEG waves. Laboratory tests in admission showed that serum passive hemagglutinin titer to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) was 1:5,120, serum antibody titer to galactocerebroside (Gc) was 1:160, and CSF interleukin-6 (IL-6) level was 20,500 pg/ml, but a specific DNA to M. pneumoniae was not detected in CSF using the polymerase chain reaction. Cranial and whole spine MRI were unremarkable. These results suggest that anti-Gc antibody and IL-6 play some roles in the development of mycoplasmal central nervous system involvement.
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PMID:[A case of secondary meningoencephalitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection]. 1132 81

Inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis, but assessment in humans is largely restricted to measurement of markers in blood. We determined whether MRI properties of large arteries were associated with markers of inflammation in serum. Double inversion recovery, fast spin-echo images of the common carotid arteries and infrarenal aorta were obtained at 1.5 T both before and after gadolinium-DTPA (0.1 mmol/kg) in 52 subjects > or =40 years of age, 17 of whom had no risk factors for atherosclerosis and thus served as controls. Twenty-two study participants had increases in wall thickness (14), T2-weighted signal intensity (11), and/or contrast enhancement values (7) that were >2 standard deviations (SDs) from control group mean values. Ten subjects in this group had evidence of focal plaques in the carotids (5) and/or aorta (6). Compared with the remaining 30 subjects, these 22 had significantly higher levels of interleukin-6 (3.53 +/- 2.46 vs. 1.97 +/- 1.37 pg/mL, P = 0.004), C-reactive protein (0.56 +/- 0.98 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.52 mg/dL, P = 0.019), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (572 +/- 153 vs. 471 +/- 130 ng/mL, P = 0.012), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (244 +/- 80 vs. 202 +/- 45 ng/mL, P = 0.015), and nonsignificant differences in levels of E-selectin (46.1 +/- 18.9 vs. 42.3 +/- 11.3 ng/mL, P = 0.369). Thus, MRI characteristics of the aorta and carotid arteries were associated with elevated serum markers of inflammation, frequently in the absence of definite atheroma. MRI of large arteries may provide a new approach to investigate the contribution of inflammation to atherogenesis.
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PMID:Arterial wall MRI characteristics are associated with elevated serum markers of inflammation in humans. 1174 26

The sepsis is a bacterial invasion of the organism producing many manifestations which are able to amplify themselves. In the United States of America there are 100,000 death per year and the incidence is among 300,000-500,000 cases. The major surgery in the elder (especially if it is in emergency) has a great percental of risk because the preoperative study isn't often complete. Fever, agitation, panting, bullation, abdominal splinting, enteroplegia, are signals of evolving inflammatory situation. Moreover there are disorders of biochemical values: leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, increased levels of VES, PCR, amylase and biliribinaemia. The more common radiological examinations are the straight radiography of abdomen and horax, abdomen ultrasonography, CT or MRI. In the last years pro-calcitonin, interleukin-6 , C-reactive protein, and nitric oxide from endothelial and muscularis cells have been evaluated as prognostic factors in the septic shock.
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PMID:[Septic shock: surgical and medical problems in the elderly]. 1467 79

We report a 25-year old man with cardiac myxoma presenting with multiple cerebellar hemorrhages and elevation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patient was first admitted to our hospital because of cerebral infarctions at the age of 23. After systemic exploration he was diagnosed as cardiac myxoma. In this patient, the serum level of IL-6 was elevated. The cardiac myxoma was resected and the serum IL-6 level returned to normal. His neurological symptoms improved almost to normal and he was discharged. The patient had been well for two years until he developed headache at the age of 25. Brain MRI revealed multiple cerebellar hemorrhages that overlaid old infarctions. The hemorrhages enlarged in a three months period and his headache became worse, and then he was admitted again. The IL-6 value was normal in serum at that time, but it was elevated in the CSF. The CSF IgG index was also elevated. Cerebral angiograms showed no abnormal vessel in the infratentorium, while multiple fusiform aneurysms were found in both middle cerebral arteries. A transesophageal echocardiography revealed no recurrence of cardiac myxoma. Craniotomy was performed and intracerebellar hematomas were removed. Histopathological examination showed only old and recent bleedings; no metastatic myxoma tissue was found. Although no myxoma tissue was found in biopsy specimen, it seemed reasonable that an elevated level of IL-6 in the CSF was due to metastasized intracranial myxoma, which caused cerebellar embolism, and then invaded the vessel walls and continued to grow. In reviewing the literature we have found no reported case of cardiac myxoma with analysis of IL-6 value in the CSF. We speculate that the level of IL-6 in the CSF might be a good marker for the neurological manifestations of cardiac myxoma.
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PMID:[A case of cardiac myxoma presenting with multiple cerebellar hemorrhages and elevation of interleukin-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid]. 1556 83

Fabry disease is associated with increased risk of premature stroke and presumptive ischemic cerebral lesions. In 57 consecutive patients, 35% of whom had lesions on brain MRI, the authors found that genotypes of polymorphisms G-174C of interleukin-6, G894T of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, factor V G1691A mutation, and the A-13G and G79A of protein Z were all significantly associated with cerebral lesions. These findings suggest that these proteins modulate Fabry cerebral vasculopathy.
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PMID:Effect of genetic modifiers on cerebral lesions in Fabry disease. 1660 44

Clinical course and serial neuroimaging findings are not fully described in children who have had neurological sequelae following status epilepticus. We found four patients who had neurological sequelae out of 42 children with status epilepticus in 2004. MRI studies were reviewed with specific attention to diffusion-weighted images (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6, were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (3 patients). The clinical course showed biphasic; initial status epilepticus and neurological exacerbation along with seizure recurrence four to five days after onset. Within three days after initial status epilepticus, CT (all patients) and MRI (2 patients) did not show any abnormalities. From four to ten days after onset, MRI demonstrated diffuse hyperintensity in the cerebral white matter on DWI and hypointensity on ADC maps in all patients. Diffuse brain atrophy progressed thereafter. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin-6 was elevated in all patients. A biphasic clinical course may be a specific feature for neurological sequelae. The preferential white matter involvement on MRI and elevated CSF cytokines indicate that glial dysfunction may play an important role in the pathophysiology of status epilepticus-associated cerebral damage.
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PMID:Biphasic clinical course and early white matter abnormalities may be indicators of neurological sequelae after status epilepticus in children. 1654 66

We describe a girl with sepsis-associated encephalopathy complicating biliary atresia. At 4 months of age, decreased consciousness and repetitive seizures of the left upper and lower extremities occurred in association with fever. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from blood, while bacterial culture was negative and cell counts were normal in cerebrospinal fluid. The interleukin-6 level in the cerebrospinal fluid was markedly elevated. MRI revealed unilateral subcortical white matter lesions in the right hemisphere. She was diagnosed as having sepsis-associated encephalopathy and was treated with dexamethasone and midazolam. She achieved normal psychomotor development until the last follow-up at 19 months of age, whereas mild atrophic changes were observed in the right hemisphere.
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PMID:Sepsis associated encephalopathy in an infant with biliary atresia. 1842 24


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