Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The early biological response at titanium (Ti), copper (Cu)-coated Ti and sham sites was evaluated in an in vivo rat model. Material surface chemical and topographical properties were characterized using Auger electron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and interferometry, respectively. The number of leukocytes, cell types and cell viability (release of lactate dehydrogenase) were determined in the implant-interface exudate. The contents of activated nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. An increase in the number of leukocytes, in particular, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, was observed between 12 and 48 h around Cu. A marked decrease of exudate cell viability was found around Cu after 48 h. The total amounts of activated NF-kappaB after 12 h was highest in Ti exudates whereas after 48 h the highest amount of NF-kappaB was detected around Cu. The levels of cytokine IL-6 were consistently high around Cu at both time periods. No differences in IL-10 contents were detected, irrespective of material/sham and time. The results show that materials with different toxicity grades (titanium with low and copper with high toxicity) exhibit early differences in the activation of NF-kappaB, extracellular expression and secretion of mediators, causing major differences in inflammatory cell accumulation and death in vivo.
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PMID:In vivo cytokine secretion and NF-kappaB activation around titanium and copper implants. 1527 60

Although systemic interleukin-6 (IL-6) level is elevated, hepatocellular function is impaired and liver injury occurs after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H), it remains unknown whether a causal relationship exists between elevated IL-6 levels and liver injury after T-H. We hypothesized that IL-6 is causative in the development of hepatic dysfunction and injury after T-H. To examine this, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 5-cm midline laparotomy and were subjected to hemorrhagic shock (blood pressure = 35 mmHg for approximately 90 min), followed by resuscitation (Ringer lactate, 4 times the shed blood volume). At 2, 5, and 24 h thereafter, blood samples were collected and the liver isolated and perfused for 60 min. Portal inflow pressure was measured, and perfusate samples were collected to measure IL-6, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. A significant positive correlation between plasma levels of IL-6 and ALT and perfusate levels of IL-6 and LDH levels was observed. In a second series of experiments, rats were treated with immunoglobulin G (IgG) or antibodies against rat IL-6 (anti-IL-6) at the onset of resuscitation. At 5 h after resuscitation, anti-IL-6 treatment attenuated the T-H induced increases in plasma ALT and thromboxane B(2) (a thromboxane A(2) metabolite) levels, and bile flow was normalized to sham levels. Perfusion of livers from normal rats with IL-6 did not alter portal pressure; however, perfusion of a stable thromboxane A(2) analog dose dependently increased portal pressure. Thus IL-6 plays a significant role in the induction of hepatic dysfunction and liver injury after T-H that appears to be in part mediated by increased thromboxane A(2) levels.
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PMID:Insights into the role of interleukin-6 in the induction of hepatic injury after trauma-hemorrhagic shock. 1529 85

Exposure to elevated concentrations of ambient ultrafine particulate matter has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the public. The particle parameters triggering the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to compare biological in vitro-effects of ultrafine model particles (hematite, silicasol) of different composition and different sizes to evaluate the influence of these parameters. Human epithelial (A549) and macrophage (THP-1, Mono Mac 6) cell lines in mono-culture as well as in co-culture were used as cellular models. The uptake of hematite particles into A549 cells was identified by light microscopy and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The loss of membrane integrity measured by the lactate dehydrogenase assay as well as the induction of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 release were affected by the particles in a dose dependent manner. This study demonstrated that particle size and particle composition, respectively, were responsible for the observed biological effects. Furthermore, the co-cultures of epithelial cells (A549) and macrophages (Mono Mac 6 or differentiated THP-1) showed an increased sensitivity to particles concerning the cytokine release in comparison to the mono-cultures of each cell type.
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PMID:Biological effects of ultrafine model particles in human macrophages and epithelial cells in mono- and co-culture. 1547 Oct 99

This study evaluated the role of amino acids supplementation on the heart's adaptation under extensive training conditions. Sixty active athletes (bicyclists and swimmers) were separated into 2 groups: 30 were given amino acid mixture (1 g per 10 kg of body weight) for a period of 1 month, and the other 30 were given placebo for the same duration (control group). In the same time period, 20 subjects of similar age not engaged in physical training or sports activities were used as the additional control group. Blood concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT), asparagine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamil transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase, triglycerides, albumin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were determined for all subjects before and after the intervention period. Concentrations of LDH and ALP were increased, but concentrations of ALT, albumin, and triglycerides were decreased in the blood of trained athletes compared with healthy subjects not engaged in sports activities. In the athletes, some increases in IL-6 levels were noted; however, they were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than in patients with myocardiodystrophy. The values of IL-10 in athletes were higher than concentrations of IL-10 in patients with myocardiodystrophy but still lower than the normal values. The inhibition of IL-10 in blood may play an important role in the induction of apoptosis in cells of the heart muscle. After amino acid supplementation, the athletes' values for albumin, triglycerides, IL-10, LDH, and ALP were significantly increased compared with the post-placebo control groups. Enzyme activities of other enzymes remained unchanged in all groups. Histological data from a secondary study of actual heart tissue showed that the amino acids supplementation may have inhibiting effects on myocardial apoptosis. The criteria of efficiency of the amino acids supplementation were defined by the albumin, IL-6, and IL-10 concentrations.
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PMID:Biochemical and heart adaptations to physical training and supplementation with amino acids. 1557 76

Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and associated changes in pulmonary bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of unleaded gasoline exhaust (GE) exposed mice were investigated. Animals were exposed to GE (1 L/min of GE mixed with 14 L/min of compressed air) using a flow-past, nose-only, dynamic inhalation exposure chamber for different durations (7, 14, and 21 days). The particulate content of the GE was found to be 0.635, +/-0.10 mg PM/m3. Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed in BALF of GE-exposed mice, but interleukin 1beta(IL-1beta) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) remained unaffected. GE induced higher activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gammaGT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the BALF, indicating Type II alveolar epithelial cell injury, Clara-cell injury, and general toxicity, respectively. Total protein in the BALF increased after 14 and 21 days of exposure, indicating enhanced alveolar-capillary permeability. However, the difference in the mean was found statistically insignificant in comparison to the compressed air control. Total cell count in the BALF of GE-exposed mice ranged between 0.898 and 0.813x10(6) cells/ml, whereas the compressed air control showed 0.65x10(6) cells/mL. The histopathological changes in GE-exposed lung includes perivascular, and peribronchiolar cuffing of mononuclear cells, migration of polymorphonuclear cells in the alveolar septa, alveolar thickening, and mild alveolar edematous changes indicating inflammation. The shift in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance and elevation of the pulmonary marker enzymes indicate toxic insult of GE. This study will help in our understanding of the mechanism of pulmonary injury by GE in the light of cytokine profiles, pulmonary marker enzymes, and lung architecture.
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PMID:Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in gasoline exhaust induced pulmonary injury in mice. 1578 77

Biological response parameters during biochemotherapy, including chemotherapy with immune modulating agents, have been studied extensively. Of these parameters, interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in advanced stage disease and tumour recurrence. However, there is limited information available about the significance of IL-6 in metastatic malignant melanoma (MMM). In this study, we evaluated the possible relationship between serum IL-6 level and overall survival. This retrospective study included 125 patients with MMM. Pretreatment serum IL-6 levels were determined using a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed and compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional analysis was performed to assess the predictors of overall survival, which was calculated from the beginning of biochemotherapy until death. In order to establish the possible relationship between IL-6 level and overall survival, patients were divided into two groups according to a cut-off of 5 pg/ml, corresponding to the first quartile obtained by descriptive statistics of the pretreatment IL-6 level in all patients. Thirty-five patients were in the low IL-6 group and 76 patients were in the high IL-6 group. Based on this stratification, overall survival was shown to be affected by IL-6 serum level: it was higher (24.6 months) in the low IL-6 group when compared with the high IL-6 group (9.7 months) (P=0.0006). Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis including standard melanoma prognostic factors showed that IL-6, as a variable, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and tumour burden were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. On the basis of this evidence, the pretreatment serum IL-6 level is a predictive factor of overall survival in MMM.
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PMID:Pretreatment serum interleukin-6 concentration as a prognostic factor of overall survival in metastatic malignant melanoma patients treated with biochemotherapy: a retrospective study. 1591 2

The effect of mechanical stress generated within a three-dimensional bioreactor on the co-culture of hepatic parenchymal cells (PC) and hepatic nonparenchymal cells (NPC) was assessed to develop a bioartificial liver that can produce factors accelerating liver regeneration. A rotating radial flow bioreactor was used to provide mechanical stress to a co-culture of PC and NPC that were isolated from rats. They were co-cultured in the reactor under static or dynamic conditions. Albumin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured at intervals. Electron microscopy was also performed. LDH was not significantly different between the static and mechanical stress-loaded cultures, while albumin and interleukin-6 levels were higher in the latter at all sampling times. Only the co-cultures loaded with mechanical stress produced HGF in the early stage of culture (hours 3 and 6). Histologically, the cells retained their structure when cultured under dynamic conditions. These results suggested that an appropriate level of mechanical stress enabled co-cultures of PC and NPC to produce IL-6, HGF, and other factors that accelerate liver regeneration.
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PMID:Effect of mechanical stress imposition on co-culture of hepatic parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells: possibility of stimulating production of regenerating factor. 1596 26

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) induced by glycodeoxycholic acid in rats. The induction of ANP resulted in significant increase in mortality rate, pancreatic necrosis and serum activity of amylase, alanine aspartate transferase (ALT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, serum concentration of urea, tissue activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the pancreas and lung, and significant decrease of concentrations of calcium, blood pressure, urine output and pO(2). The use of NAC inhibited the changes in urine output, pO(2), tissue activity of MPO and MDA in pancreas and lungs, and the serum activity of IL-6, ALT, and serum concentrations of urea and calcium. NAC reduced the mortality and pancreatic damage. The use of NAC has a beneficial effect on the course of ANP in rats. It may be used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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PMID:Effects of N-acetylcysteine on acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. 1608 83

The mechanisms behind the development of work-related trapezius pain are suggested to involve both peripheral and central components, but the specific contribution of alterations in muscle nociceptive and other substances is not clear. Female patients with chronic trapezius myalgia (N=19; TM) and female controls (N=20; CON) were studied at rest, during 20 min repetitive low-force exercise and recovery, and had their interstitial concentrations of potassium (K(+)), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and collagen turnover determined in the trapezius muscle by the microdialysis technique. K(+) levels were at all time points higher in TM than in CON (P<0.0001). Baseline levels of LDH and IL-6 were similar in both groups. In response to exercise pain intensity, rated perceived exertion, and the concentrations of K(+), LDH and IL-6 increased significantly in both groups. [K(+)] immediately decreased to baseline levels in CON but remained elevated during the first 20 min of recovery in TM (P<0.01) whereafter it returned to baseline level. In all subjects taken together mean [K(+)] correlated negatively with pressure pain threshold of trapezius (P<0.001), positively with mean pain intensity VAS (P<0.001) and mean perceived exertion (P<0.001). Rises in muscle LDH and IL-6 as well as the anabolic ratio for collagen type I was not significantly different between groups. In conclusion, patients with chronic pain in the trapezius muscle had increased levels of interstitial potassium. This finding could be causally related to myalgia or secondary to pain due to deconditioned muscle or altered muscle activity pattern.
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PMID:Increased levels of interstitial potassium but normal levels of muscle IL-6 and LDH in patients with trapezius myalgia. 1629 53

The association between ambient particulate matter (PM) and cardiovascular diseases has been demonstrated in epidemiological studies. Recent studies suggest that diabetic patients are at greater risk for PM-associated cardiovascular events. Although diabetes and PM exposure individually have been reported to be associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction, it is not clear whether PM may induce synergistic interaction effects on these parameters in diabetics. Strepotozotocin-induced diabetic (n=4) and healthy (n=4) rats were intratracheally administered with PM2.5 collected from a busy traffic area in a dose of 200 microg suspended in 0.5 mL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The same number of rats was exposed to PBS as controls. Cell and differential counts and protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage. Markers of 8-hydroxydeoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and [nitrate+nitrite], an indicator of nitric oxide (NO) production, in addition to C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in peripheral blood were also determined. Our results showed that diabetic rats were associated with increased 8-OHdG, IL-6, and ET-1 decreased [nitrate+nitrite]. In nondiabetic rats PM exposure was also associated with increased 8-OHdG, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CRP but decreased [nitrate+nitrite]. Interestingly, increases of 8-OHdG and ET-1 after PM exposure were more prominent in diabetic rats than in nondiabetic rats. The general linear model further indicated that there were interactions between diabetes and PM on 8-OHdG (P<0.01) and ET-1 (P=0.08). We suggest that PM exposure may enhance the risk of cardiovascular diseases through interaction between PM and diabetes on excess reactive oxygen species generation and endothelial dysfunction. These findings provide further support for previous epidemiological studies.
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PMID:Enhanced oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-diabetic rats exposed to fine particles. 1630 75


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