Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The increased interest of using ultrafiltration during cardiopulmonary bypass ICPB) has mandated a re-evaluation of the hematological effects of this blood conservation process. 'Rinse-free' ultrafiltrators can be primed using either crystalloid or blood prior to use. It is unknown whether one priming technique results in superior results in ultrafiltration quality. An in vitro circuit was designed to evaluate the Sorin/COBE HC1400 (n=6), the Lifestream HC70 (n=6), and the Terumo/Sarns HC11 (n=6). All test conditions were conducted at a blood flow rate of 250 ml/min and a transmembrane pressure of 250 mmHg. Samples were drawn and analyzed at four distinct time points for hematocrit, total protein, plasma free hemoglobin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). The HC11 had significantly greater percent increases in hematocrit under the blood priming protocol (29.2+/-7.9) than either the HC1400 (11.0+/-7.8, p<0.03) or the HC70 (11.9+/-7.8, p<0.04). When crystalloid priming was compared to blood priming, the HC1400 and HC70 produced significant percent increases in hematocrit and total protein levels. The HC1400 devices produced significantly less plasma free hemoglobin when primed with crystalloid rather than blood (43.6+/-38.3 vs 21.3+/-5.6, p<0.01). There were no significant differences between devices or priming techniques for IL-6, IL-8 or TNFalpha levels. In conclusion, the efficiency of the ultrafiltrators was elevated when primed with crystalloid before use. Cytokine levels were relatively unchanged with priming techniques, while plasma free hemoglobin levels were reduced with those devices previously primed with crystalloid.
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PMID:The effect of priming techniques of ultrafiltrators on blood rheology: an in vitro evaluation. 1141 58

Investigations in Prince William Sound (Alaska, USA) following the Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) revealed that river otters (Lontra canadensis) on oiled shores had lower body mass and elevated values of biomarkers, than did otters living on nonoiled shores. In addition, otters from oiled areas selected different habitats, had larger home ranges, and less diverse diets than animals living in nonoiled areas. These differences between river otters from oiled shores and those from nonoiled areas strongly suggested that oil contamination had an effect on physiological and behavioral responses of otters. In this study, we explored the effects of crude oil contamination on river otters experimentally. We hypothesized that exposure to oil would result in elevated values of biomarkers, indicating induced physiological stress. Fifteen wild-caught male river otters were exposed to two levels of weathered crude oil (i.e., control, 5 ppm/day/kg body mass, and 50 ppm/day/kg body mass) under controlled conditions in captivity at the Alaska Sealife Center in Seward (Alaska, USA). Responses of captive river otters to oil ingestion provided mixed results in relation to our hypotheses. Although hemoglobin (Hb, and associated red blood cells) and white blood cells, and possibly interleukin-6 immunoreactive responded in the expected manner, other parameters did not. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and haptoglobin (Hp), did not increase in response to oiling or decreased during rehabilitation. Conversely, principle-component analysis identified values of alkaline phosphatase as responding to oil ingestion in river otters. Our results suggested that opposing processes were concurring in the oiled otters. Elevated production of Hp in response to tissue damage by hydrocarbons likely occurred at the same time with increased removal of Hp-Hb complex from the serum, producing an undetermined pattern in the secretion of Hp. Thus, the use of individual biomarkers as indicators of exposure to pollutants may lead to erroneous conclusions because interactions in vivo can be complicated and act in opposite directions. Additionally, the biomarkers used in investigating effects of oiling on live animals usually are related to the heme molecule. Because of the opposing processes that may occur within an animal, data from a suite of heme-related biomarkers may produce results that are difficult to interpret. Therefore, we advocate the exploration and development of other biomarkers that will be independent from the heme cycle and provide additional information to the effect of oiling on live mammals.
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PMID:Biomarker responses in river otters experimentally exposed to oil contamination. 1150 23

The hemoglobin scavenger receptor (HbSR/CD163) is an interleukin-6- and glucocorticoid-regulated macrophage/monocyte receptor for uptake of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes. Moreover, there are strong indications that HbSR serves an anti-inflammatory function. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting enabled identification of a soluble plasma form of HbSR (sHbSR) having an electrophoretic mobility equal to that of recombinant HbSR consisting of the extracellular domain (scavenger receptor cysteine-rich 1-9). A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established and used to measure the sHbSR level in 130 healthy subjects (median, 1.87 mg/L; range, 0.73-4.69 mg/L). To evaluate the sHbSR levels in conditions with increased leukocyte stimulation and proliferation, 140 patients admitted to a hematological department were screened. Several patients, with a broad spectrum of diagnoses, had a level of sHbSR above the range of healthy persons. Patients with myelomonocytic leukemias and pneumonia/sepsis exhibited the highest levels (up to 67.3 mg/L). In conclusion, sHbSR is an abundant plasma protein potentially valuable in monitoring patients with infections and myelomonocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Identification of the hemoglobin scavenger receptor/CD163 as a natural soluble protein in plasma. 1175 96

A prospective study was done to determine the changes in blood quality parameters of collected drainage blood in retransfusion systems at 6 and 12 h after surgery to verify whether the blood was still suitable for retransfusion purposes for an additional 6 postoperative hours beyond the so far accepted first 6-h time window after surgery. Eighty-one patients received retransfusion within the first 6 h immediately following total knee arthroplasty. Additionally, drainage blood was collected for another 6 h using the same retransfusion system. Samples for laboratory analysis were taken from both the first and second 6-h blood collection interval. Hemoglobin values increased from 9.6 to 10.4 g dl(-1) (p = 0.021). Platelet counts increased from 65,500 to 80,900 microl(-1) (p < 0.001). Leukocyte counts increased from 5,550 to 8,190 1(-1) (p < 0.001). Lactate dehydrogenase (672 U l(-1) during the first vs 651 U l(-1) during the second collection period) and free hemoglobin (71.7 mg dl(-1) vs 67.0 mg dl(-1)) did not change significantly. The potassium concentration decreased slightly from 4.33 to 4.20 mg dl(-1) (p = 0.002). The lactate concentration increased from 4.44 to 7.21 mg dl(-1) (p < 0.001). The pH decreased from 7.07 to 6.94 (p < 0.001). Interleukin-6 concentration increased from 6,500 to 46,500 ng l(-1) (p < 0.001). In this study, we found no relevant difference in most of the drainage blood quality parameters between the first 6-h collection period and the second 6-h collection with regard to its suitability for autologous retransfusion except higher interleukin-6 levels. Due to the higher interleukin concentration, a possible increase in febrile reactions should be taken into account during retransfusion.
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PMID:Time-related changes of collected shed blood in autologous retransfusion after total knee arthroplasty. 1176 35

We have previously reported that long-term treatment with clarithromycin (CAM) increased the median survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, and improved various clinical parameters in these patients. In the present study, CAM was administered to 33 patients with unresectable primary non-small cell lung cancer, who had received chemotherapy, radiotherapy or both (basic cancer therapy). Patients with clinical backgrounds matched to the CAM group, who did not receive CAM treatment, were included into this study as a control group (non-CAM group). CAM treatment was initiated 4 weeks after the basic cancer therapy. The non-CAM group did not receive a placebo. Before and after the 3-month treatment with CAM, body weight, serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6, a cytokine which, together with TNF-alpha, plays a crucial role in the development of cancer cachexia), total protein, albumin, cholinesterase and hemoglobin were measured for the evaluation of the patients' clinical status. There were no statistically significant differences in serum levels of IL-6 between the CAM group before the treatment and the non-CAM group. After 3 months of CAM treatment, serum levels of IL-6 significantly decreased. In contrast, body weight, cholinesterase, and hemoglobin increased to a significant extent. Among these four parameters, however, the decrease in serum IL-6 levels was only statistically correlated with the increase in body weight, but not with that in other parameters. Furthermore, CAM-treated patients whose serum IL-6 levels were decreased after 3 months of treatment survived longer: there was a statistically significant correlation between the decrease in serum IL-6 and survival time. In contrast, in the non-CAM group, these parameters did not change significantly during the study. These results suggest that CAM may reduce the progression of cancer-associated cachexia.
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PMID:Anti-cachectic effect of clarithromycin for patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer. 1178 60

CD163 is a highly expressed macrophage membrane protein belonging to the scavenger receptor cysteine rich (SRCR) domain family. The CD163 expression is induced by interleukin-6, interleukin-10 and glucocorticoids. Its function has remained unknown until recently when CD163 was identified as the endocytic receptor binding hemoglobin (Hb) in complex with the plasma protein haptoglobin (Hp). This specific receptor-ligand interaction leading to removal from plasma of the Hp-Hb complex-but not free Hp or Hb-now explains the depletion of circulating Hp in individuals with increased intravascular hemolysis. Besides having a detoxificating effect by removing Hb from plasma, the CD163-mediated endocytosis of the Hp-Hb complex may represent a major pathway for uptake of iron in the tissue macrophages. The novel functional linkage of CD163 and Hp, which both are induced during inflammation, also reveal some interesting perspectives relating to the suggested anti-inflammatory properties of the receptor and the Hp phenotypes.
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PMID:CD163: a signal receptor scavenging haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes from plasma. 1185 28

Sterile tissue injury or infection initiates a local inflammatory response that mobilizes a systemic acute phase reaction resulting in, among other things, the induction of genes encoding the acute phase plasma proteins (APPs). In all vertebrates, a common set of APPs is increased and exerts essential protective functions. Haptoglobin (HP), one of the major APPs, acts as a high-affinity hemoglobin-binding protein and antioxidant. Liver is the major site of HP synthesis; however, regulated, low level expression is also detected in other organs. Induction of the Hp gene is mediated by interleukin-6-type cytokines and is synergistically enhanced by glucocorticoids. Growth stimulation of hepatic cells in vivo or in vitro suppresses the Hp gene-inducing effects of inflammatory cytokines. Receptors for IL-6 cytokines mediate induction of the Hp gene by the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and CAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta), but attenuate the stimulation through co-activated STAT5 and mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK-1 and ERK-2. The specificity by which the related cytokines, IL-6, oncostatin M, and leukemia inhibitory factor, regulate Hp gene transcription is determined by the profile of the cytokine receptor subunits expressed on the target cells and the relative extents by which these receptors activate the intracellular signaling pathways. The current hypothesis is that HP exerts an anti-inflammatory activity and that by the degree with which HP attenuates the inflammatory process, including the production of IL-6 cytokines, it determines the level and duration of acute phase expression of the Hp gene.
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PMID:Haptoglobin, an inflammation-inducible plasma protein. 1186 81

Effects of a 4-week course of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) therapy on four circulating endothelium-derived cardiovascular risk markers were studied in 20 patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis in relation to surrogates of chronic inflammation, liver function, and arterial blood pressure. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), antigens of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1:Ag) and von Willebrand factor (vWF:Ag), and soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) were determined by immunoenzymatic assays. C-reactive protein; alpha1 acid-glycoprotein; alpha1-antitrypsin; immunoglobulin M, A, and G; interleukin-6; lipoprotein(a); fibrinogen; total protein; albumin; total cholesterol; hepatitis B and C markers; liver enzymes; prothrombin time; and phosphorus were measured by routine methods. The rHuEpo treatment resulted in a 25% increase in sICAM-1 (Wilcoxon's p = 0.001), a 50% increase in PAI-1:Ag (p = 0.004), a 15% increase in sTM (p = 0.002), and did not change vWF:Ag levels. The increase in sICAM-1 concentration directly correlated with that of PAI-1:Ag (Spearman's rho = 0.483, p = 0.031). The rHuEpo-induced increases in hemoglobin, platelets, and pre-dialysis diastolic blood pressure levels did not correlate with the increments in the endothelial markers studied. In conclusion, short-term rHuEpo therapy activates vascular endothelium in patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. This specific effect may influence cardiovascular risk.
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PMID:Effects of recombinant erythropoietin therapy on circulating endothelial markers in hemodialysis patients. 1465 47

Changes in hemoglobin (HGB) and serum albumin (SA) concentration associated with the onset of symptomatic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) were studied by comparing the values obtained on the day thalidomide or prednisone therapy commenced, with each patients' preceding values. In three groups of ENL patients mean HGB values fell with statistical significance: 1) in 38 patients who had been begun on thalidomide in the decade of the 1990s and who had been receiving dapsone for a minimum of 6 months, mean HGB values fell from 13.19 gm/dl to 12.27 gm/dl, or 7.0%, p = 6.0 x 10(-6); 2) in 8 patients who were in the active patient file not overlapping with the preceding group, and who had been on dapsone for a minimum of 6 months, mean HGB values feel from 13.40 gm/dl to 11.96 gm/dl, or 10.7%, p = 0.0015; and 3) in 8 patients not overlapping with the preceding groups, who were treated with rifampin and minocylcine or clarithromycin mean HGB values fell from 13.25 gm/dl to 12.48 gm/dl, or 5.8%, p = 0.0035. In two groups of ENL patients SA values also fell with statistical significance: 1) in 34 patients who were begun on thalidomide in the decade of the 1990s and who had been on dapsone for a minimum of 6 months, mean SA values fell from 4.14 gm/dl to 3.77 gm/dl, or 8.9%, p = 1.2 x 10(-5); and 2) in 10 patients from the active file not overlapping with the preceding group, and who had been on dapsone for a minimum of 6 months, mean SA values fell from 4.45 gm/dl to 4.06 gm/dl, or 8.8%, p = 0.039. A brisk fall in HGB values was often accompanied by a fall in SA concentration, and vice versa. Recovery from extreme falls in HGB and SA values was complete in 13 weeks. Recovery occurred in the presence of continued dapsone treatment. The falls could be rapid, occurring too soon to be the result of decreased erythropoiesis or hepatic SA synthesis. This study provides no direct evidence as to the mechanism responsible for the fall in these two parameters, but an interleukin-6 mediated hemodilution is an attractive hypothesis. The ENL-associated fall in HGB values was distinct from dapsone-induced hemolysis and the anemia of chronic disease. The ENL-associated anemia is not a good reason to discontinue dapsone therapy.
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PMID:Decreases in mean hemoglobin and serum albumin values in erythema nodosum leprosum and lepromatous leprosy. 1203 93

The influence of acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) anticoagulant on the blood quality was assessed in this prospective, randomized, controlled study. The clinical consequences with regard to retransfusion of drainage blood following total knee arthroplasty were evaluated. After total knee arthroplasty, retransfusion was performed utilizing a "SureTrans" retransfusion system in 81 patients. In 42 of them, blood was collected adding an ACD anticoagulant (group A), while in the remaining 39 patients blood was collected without any additives (group B). Blood losses were retransfused over a 6-h period after attaching the retransfusion system to the patient of either group. Blood samples of the 6-h blood collection were taken and analysed for several blood quality parameters. Significant differences were found in the platelet count (61,200+/-16,700 microl(-1) in group A versus 70,100+/-21,600 microl(-1) in group B, p=0.042), the lactate concentration (4.09+/-0.86 mmol/l vs 4.82+/-0.83 mmol/l, p<0.001), the pH (6.96+/-0.10 vs 7.18+/-0.06, p<0.001), as well as the protein content (5.44+/-0.57 g/dl vs 5.85+/-0.43 g/dl, p<0.001). These observed significant differences were, however, of no clinical relevance to the patients' treatment. Hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, concentration of free hemoglobin in the blood plasma (fHb), potassium concentration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serotonin concentration, triglyceride concentration, free fatty acid concentration, and interleukin-6 concentration did not differ significantly. This study indicates that the blood quality in retransfusion systems is not substantially influenced by adding ACD anticoagulant.
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PMID:Influence of acid-citrate-dextrose anticoagulant on blood quality in retransfusion systems after total knee arthroplasty. 1207 Jun 45


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