Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UNIPROT:P05231 (interleukin-6)
 23,907 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the influence of functioning on unexplained senile anemia, we measured commonly used hematological parameters (serum iron, transferrin, iron saturation and ferritin) in addition to specific erythropoietic factors, such as interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and erythropoietin (EPO) in 48 elderly subjects aged 65-90 years. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: 1) 17 patients with unexplained mild anemia; 2) 17 non-anemic patients with newly acquired stroke and who previously were functionally active; 3) 14 functionally active patients with no major disease who served as controls. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) values under 12.0 g/dL. The degree of functional ability was defined and scored by the "functional independence measure" (FIM) test. Data are presented as mean values +/- SD. The results revealed a correlation between the functional state and levels of Hb, iron and transferrin with unchanged iron saturation. Patients in the mild anemia group were found to be functionally declined (FIM = 57 +/- 19.4) with the relatively lowest mean iron (75.1 +/- 17 micrograms/dL) and transferrin levels (243 +/- 42.6 micrograms/dL). The stroke group (FIM = 62 +/- 17.7) had intermediate levels of iron (85.4 +/- 20.3 micrograms/dL) and transferrin (245 +/- 45.2), and with the continuation of the declined functional state the Hb level decreased significantly (13.7 +/- 0.9 to 12.0 +/- 1.0 g/dL, p < 0.001). The highest mean values of iron (102 +/- 27.9 micrograms/dL) and transferrin (322 +/- 42.7 micrograms/dL) were found in the control group (FIM = 122.7 +/- 5.8). The ferritin levels showed an opposite trend. IL-3 values were undetectable in the anemic and control groups, and were elevated in some patients in the stroke group. The lowest IL-6 level was observed in the anemic group, and the highest in the control group. Serial IL-6 assays in the stroke group showed an upward trend. Erythropoietin levels in all groups showed no difference.
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PMID:Relationship between routine hematological parameters, serum IL-3, IL-6 and erythropoietin and mild anemia and degree of function in the elderly. 958 49

HML/SE is a cytokine-dependent cell line established from childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or stem cell factor (SCF) alone could stimulate proliferation of HML/SE cells, however interleukin-3, interleukin-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and thrombopoietin could not. Although erythropoietin (EPO) alone stimulated neither proliferation nor differentiation of HML/SE cells, it did stimulate proliferation of HML/SE cells and production of hemoglobin in the presence of SCF. SCF activated the human EPO receptor promoter and induced EPO receptor gene expression. Given these results, we speculate that HML/SE cells acquired responsiveness to EPO via the EPO receptor induced by SCF. Mutation analysis of putative transcription factor binding sites in the human EPO receptor promoter suggested that Sp1, rather than the GATA-1 binding site, contributed to the induction of the hEPOR gene. Although it is well documented that hematopoietic stem cells and primitive progenitors require both an early-acting cytokine and a lineage-specific cytokine to differentiate to a certain lineage, related mechanisms are not well understood. HML/SE may serve as an excellent model system to analyze functions of early-acting cytokine SCF and lineage-specific cytokine EPO related to proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells.
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PMID:Induction of the erythropoietin receptor gene and acquisition of responsiveness to erythropoietin by stem cell factor in HML/SE, a human leukemic cell line. 964 54

To better understand the vascular activity of hemoglobin-based (Hb-based) oxygen carriers, the endothelial permeability characteristics of Hb derivatives having various molecular masses were defined by using monolayers of bovine endothelial cells cultured on microporous membranes. The endothelial permeability of unmodified bovine Hb was almost twice that of bovine serum albumin. Intramolecularly cross-linked human Hb showed slightly but significantly reduced permeability as compared with unmodified bovine Hb. Polyethyleneglycol modification or haptoglobin binding to Hb further reduced the permeability. These properties were intensified in conditions in which the endothelial barrier function was reduced by pretreatment with either interleukin-6 (100 ng/mL, 21 hours) or lipopolysaccharide (1 microg/mL, 10 hours). In contrast, there was little permeability of liposome-encapsulated Hb, and it was almost unaffected by the pretreatments. These data provide the first information that Hb derivatives with smaller molecular masses show larger transendothelial flux. Because Hb is a potent scavenger of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), our observations support the idea that smaller Hb-based acellular oxygen carriers are potent vasoconstrictors as a result of abluminal EDRF scavenging.
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PMID:Permeability characteristics of hemoglobin derivatives across cultured endothelial cell monolayers. 979 3

The effect of Neo Red Cells (NRC), liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin, on production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were studied in whole blood preparations ex vivo. Venous blood was collected with heparin and incubated in a CO2 incubator. Treatment of blood samples with NRC reduced the constitutive levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment for 24 h increased production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with NRC (5%) for 24 h markedly potentiated the LPS-induced TNF-alpha production and, that of IL-6 to a lesser extent. Northern blotting analysis of total RNA in whole blood showed that pretreatment with NRC caused a marked increase in TNF-alpha mRNA expression in response to LPS. It is concluded that NRC potentiates LPS-induced TNF-alpha and IL-6 production in whole blood ex vivo, and that the potentiating effect of NRC on LPS-induced TNF-alpha production can be attributed, at least in part, to an increase in its mRNA expression.
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PMID:Inflammatory cytokine production in whole blood modified by liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin. 984 21

An 88-year-old woman was admitted with generalized lymphadenopathy, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. On admission, a peripheral blood examination showed a red blood cell count of 146 x 10(6)/microliter, a hemoglobin concentration of 6.9 g/dl, and a platelet count of 5.0 x 10(4)/microliter. Blood examination detected polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia; the results of the direct/indirect Coombs' test were positive; and an elevated cold agglutinin titer and high platelet associated IgG (PA-IgG) level indicated the existence of autoantibodies. Serum cytokine measurements disclosed an elevated level of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T cell lymphoma was diagnosed on the basis of lymph node biopsy specimens. VP-16 and steroid therapy alleviated the patient's lymphadenopathy, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. These findings suggest that tumor cells with a T cell phenotype produced IL-6 in large quantities, thus provoking B-cell and plasmacytic histologic changes and humoral disease manifestations, including hypergammaglobulinemia.
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PMID:[Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T cell lymphoma with high levels of serum interleukin-6, cold agglutinin disease, and immune thrombocytopenia]. 986 23

The influence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on blood hemoglobin (Hb) and serum erythropoietin (Epo) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations was studied in 48 anemic patients on regular hemodialysis. They were grouped as follows: (I) 19 patients whose Hb values improved after infection (Hb > 85 g/L), (II) 10 patients with persisting anemia after infection (Hb < 75 g/L), and, without hepatitis virus markers (III) 8 patients with Hb > 85 g/L and (IV) 11 patients with Hb < 75 g/L. Serum immunoreactive Epo levels were significantly higher in group I (34.4+/-47.1 U/L) than in the other groups (II, 10.8+/-6.0; III, 7.9+/-3.2; IV, 8.4+/-4.3). Serum IL-6 was higher in group I than group III (7.7+/-7.8 pg/ml vs. 3.6+/-2.4; p = 0.05) but similar to the other groups. Hb levels in group I were maximal at the time of serum alanine aminotransferase normalization. Red cell production increases as a result of elevated circulating Epo during hepatic regeneration after HBV or HCV infection.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin and interleukin-6 levels in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis virus infection. 1033 88

The Biologic-DTPF System (DTPF), an extracorporeal blood treatment device with potential to treat sepsis, was tested in a preliminary study using a canine endotoxemia model. Six dogs were used and they formed four treatment groups, as control group (n=1) and three groups based on the type of sorbent present in the plasma filter (PF) system: sham treatment with no sorbent (n=1), charcoal as sorbent (n=2), and charcoal/silica as sorbent ("silica" group, n=2). Cardiodynamic data were recorded before treatment and every 30 minutes, and blood samples were collected to determine blood chemistry and to detect the levels of endotoxin and selected plasma cytokines: interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The dogs were given Escherichia coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg) as an intravenous drip (extended over a period of 30 minutes). Thirty minutes after the end of infusion all animals except the control were treated with the DTPF system for four hours. To determine the effect of treatment, data collected at one hour from the initiation of treatment until the end of treatment were compared between control and treated dogs. The endotoxin levels in the control dog were higher (P < 0.05) than other groups. The control dog had lower levels of TNF than other groups. The control dog had similar levels of IL-1 (P > 0.05) and higher levels (P < 0.05) at 4 hours into treatment compared to other groups. The control dog had similar levels of IL-6 as other groups (P > 0.05). In the control dog, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell and then remained low but stable at 1-4 hours. The charcoal group had lower MAP than the control dog at 1-4 hours (P < 0.05). The silica group had higher MAP levels similar to the control dog. After treatment, the control dog had higher (P < 0.05) values of hematocrit, hemoglobin, calcium, potassium, and albumin compared to the treated groups. As expected for a system removing plasma during sepsis, the DTPF System had some adverse effects on the physiologic status of the dogs, especially when loaded with charcoal sorbent only. The findings of the present study suggest that the filters are capable of eliminating endotoxin and there is some evidence of cytokine removal. Although the charcoal dogs did poorly, addition of silica to the sorbent offset any negative effects. Further work is underway to improve the efficiency of the system, primarily to enhance the capacity of the sorbents for cytokines. A more realistic canine sepsis model with mortality after several days (the Escherichia coli- infected intraperitoneal clot) will also be considered in future studies.
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PMID:Push-pull sorbent-based pheresis treatment in an experimental canine endotoxemia model: preliminary report. 1035 46

The lack of backfiltration reduces plasma levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6. Paired filtration dialysis is the hemodialfitration technique that abolishes backfiltration. By physically separating convection from diffusion, it allows pure ultrafiltrate to be available during the entire session, so the ultrafiltrate can be regenerated and used as infusion fluid. On these premises, we have developed a European, open, randomised, multicentre study aimed at evaluating the effect of hemodiafiltration with on-line endogenous reinfusion (on-line HFR) on anemia. At least 130 chronically uremic hemodialysed (bicarbonate hemodialysis) stable patients with mild anemia (Hb between 9 and 11 g/dL) will be enrolled and normalized for iron stores by concomitantly repleting iron deposits (if ferritin <300 microg/L) and reducing the dose of erythropoietin to maintain Hb values within the range at enrollment (9-11 g/dL). Patients will be included in the study, randomized to the two treatments (test treatment: on-line HFR; control treatment: hemodiafiltration or modified forms) and followed up for nine months. Iron stores will be maintained within normal levels and the dose of erythropoietin will be kept constant. The primary question and response variable will be the mean monthly changes in hemoglobin levels over the period of nine months. As secondary questions and response variables, we will measure the nutritional status using a subjective global assessment, protein catabolic rate, urea generation rate and the dietician's assessment, serum concentrations of vitamins A, C, E and serum C-reactive protein.
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PMID:The effect of hemodiafiltration with on-line endogenous reinfusion (on-line HFR) on anemia: design of a European, open, randomised, multicentre trial. European Collaborative Study. 1072 Feb 12

We have previously reported that the platelet count and an increase in platelet number reflect individual erythropoietic capacity in pre-operative autologous blood donation (PABD). We have examined the correlation between erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis by quantitative in vitro determination of thrombopoietin (TPO), erythropoietin (EPO), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with PABD. A sequential increase in platelet count with donation could not be explained by an increase in TPO. TPO showed a tendency to be inversely related to the pre-donation platelet count, and to be related to the pre-donation hemoglobin level. There was an inverse relationship between the TPO and EPO levels. As seen with these results, a high erythropoietic state induces restraint of thrombopoiesis, and a low erythropoietic state induces an increase in thrombopoiesis. These effects modulate EPO and TPO via negative feedback. These results provide some practical important information for performing autologous blood donation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the details of these correlations.
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PMID:The correlation between erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis as an index for pre-operative autologous blood donation. 1084 42

Type 2 diabetes and the insulin resistance syndrome have been hypothesized to constitute manifestations of an ongoing acute-phase response. We aimed to study an interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphism in relation to insulin sensitivity (IL-6 is the main cytokine involved in an acute-phase response). Subjects homozygous for the C allele at position -174 of the IL-6 gene (SfaNI genotype), associated to lower plasma IL-6 levels, showed significantly lower integrated area under the curve of serum glucose concentrations (AUCglucose) after an oral glucose tolerance test, lower blood glycosylated hemoglobin, lower fasting insulin levels, lower total and differential white blood cell count (a putative marker of peripheral IL-6 action), and an increased insulin sensitivity index than carriers of the G allele, despite similar age and body composition. A gene dosage effect was especially remarkable for AUCglucose (6.4 vs. 9.3 vs. 9.7 mmol/l in C/C, C/G, and G/G individuals, respectively). The serum concentration of fully glycosylated cortisol binding globulin (another marker of IL-6 action), suggested by concanavalin A adsorption, was lower in C/C subjects than in G/G individuals (32.6+/-2.9 vs. 37.6+/-4.6 mg/l, P = 0.03). In summary, a polymorphism of the IL-6 gene influences the relationship among insulin sensitivity, postload glucose levels, and peripheral white blood cell count.
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PMID:Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism and insulin sensitivity. 1086 78


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